Ethyl 5-methyl-4-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propyl­amino-3,4-dihydro­thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C19H21N3O3S, was synthesized via the aza-Wittig reaction of functionalized imino­phospho­rane with phenyl isocyanate under mild conditions. In the mol­ecule, the fused thienopyrimidine ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.072 (2) Å, and makes a dihedral angle of 60.11 (9)° with the phenyl ring. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond is present. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

DuQM: A Chinese Dataset of Linguistically Perturbed Natural Questions for Evaluating the Robustness of Question Matching Models

In this paper, we focus on studying robustness evaluation of Chinese question matching. Most of the previous work on analyzing robustness issue focus on just one or a few types of artificial adversarial examples. Instead, we argue that it is necessary to formulate a comprehensive evaluation about the linguistic capabilities of models on natural texts. For this purpose, we create a Chinese dataset namely DuQM which contains natural questions with linguistic perturbations to evaluate the robustness of question matching models. DuQM contains 3 categories and 13 subcategories with 32 linguistic perturbations. The extensive experiments demonstrate that DuQM has a better ability to distinguish different models. Importantly, the detailed breakdown of evaluation by linguistic phenomenon in DuQM helps us easily diagnose the strength and weakness of different models. Additionally, our experiment results show that the effect of artificial adversarial examples does not work on the natural texts

Clinical efficacy of radiotherapy combined with sodium glycididazole in the treatment of recurrent oesophageal carcinoma

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy and side effects of radiotherapy combined with sodium glycididazole in the treatment of recurrent esophageal carcinoma.Methods: Ninety patients with locally recurrent oesophageal carcinoma who were admitted to the Oncology Department at Taian City Central Hospital, Shandong, China, were randomly divided into a treatment group (treated with radiotherapy and sodium glycididazole) and a control group (treated with radiotherapy alone) in a randomized study. Short-term curative effects, median progression-free survival (PFS), and side effects were compared between the two groups.Results: The cure rate in the treatment group was 86.70 %, whereas that in the control group was 51.10 % (p < 0.05). Median PFS in the treatment group was 9.9 months versus 5.3 months in the control group (p < 0.05). Side effects in both groups included alopecia, headache, nausea, vomiting and leucopaenia, at level one or two. In this regard, the difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Radiotherapy combined with sodium glycididazole shows a higher short-term curative effect in the treatment of recurrent oesophageal carcinoma than radiotherapy alone.Keywords: Alopecia, Leucopaenia, Oesophageal carcinoma, Radiotherapy, Sodium glycididazol

Transforming growth factor-β in graft vessels: histology and immunohistochemistry

OBJECTIVES: The biological functions of transforming growth factor-β signaling that involves Smad proteins have not been previously investigated with respect to coronary artery bypass grafts. The aim of the present study was to observe the immunostaining of proteins that are related to this signaling pathway. METHODS: Fifteen remnants of coronary artery bypass grafts, including nine saphenous veins, three radial arteries and three mammary arteries, were collected from 12 patients who were undergoing coronary artery bypass. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining of transforming growth factor-β1, type I receptor of transforming growth factor-β, Smad2/3, Smad4, and Smad7 were performed. RESULTS: The saphenous veins showed more severe intimal degeneration, more severe smooth muscle cell proliferation and more collagen deposition than the arterial grafts, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stainings. Immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that the majority of the transforming growth factor-β1 signaling cytokines were primarily localized in the cytoplasm in the medial layers of all three types of grafts, whereas ectopic transforming growth factor-β1, type I receptor of transforming growth factor-β, and Smad7 overexpressions in the interstices were observed particularly in the saphenous vein and radial arterial grafts. CONCLUSION: Enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 signal transduction with medial smooth muscle cell proliferation and ectopic transforming growth factor-β1, the presence of the type I receptor of transforming growth factor-β, and Smad7 overexpressions in the extracellular matrix may provide primary evidence for early or late graft failure

Transforming growth factor-β in graft vessels: histology and immunohistochemistry

OBJECTIVES: The biological functions of transforming growth factor-β signaling that involves Smad proteins have not been previously investigated with respect to coronary artery bypass grafts. The aim of the present study was to observe the immunostaining of proteins that are related to this signaling pathway. METHODS: Fifteen remnants of coronary artery bypass grafts, including nine saphenous veins, three radial arteries and three mammary arteries, were collected from 12 patients who were undergoing coronary artery bypass. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining of transforming growth factor-β1, type I receptor of transforming growth factor-β, Smad2/3, Smad4, and Smad7 were performed. RESULTS: The saphenous veins showed more severe intimal degeneration, more severe smooth muscle cell proliferation and more collagen deposition than the arterial grafts, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stainings. Immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that the majority of the transforming growth factor-β1 signaling cytokines were primarily localized in the cytoplasm in the medial layers of all three types of grafts, whereas ectopic transforming growth factor-β1, type I receptor of transforming growth factor-β, and Smad7 overexpressions in the interstices were observed particularly in the saphenous vein and radial arterial grafts. CONCLUSION: Enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 signal transduction with medial smooth muscle cell proliferation and ectopic transforming growth factor-β1, the presence of the type I receptor of transforming growth factor-β, and Smad7 overexpressions in the extracellular matrix may provide primary evidence for early or late graft failure

SIRT3 Protects Rotenone-induced Injury in SH-SY5Y Cells by Promoting Autophagy through the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR Pathway.

SIRT3 is a class III histone deacetylase that modulates energy metabolism, genomic stability and stress resistance. It has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Our previous study demonstrates that SIRT3 had a neuroprotective effect on a rotenone-induced PD cell model, however, the exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism. We established a SIRT3 stable overexpression cell line using lentivirus infection in SH-SY5Y cells. Then, a PD cell model was established using rotenone. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of SIRT3 increased the level of the autophagy markers LC3 II and Beclin 1. After addition of the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, the protective effect of SIRT3 diminished: the cell viability decreased, while the apoptosis rate increased; α-synuclein accumulation enhanced; ROS production increased; antioxidants levels, including SOD and GSH, decreased; and MMP collapsed. These results reveal that SIRT3 has neuroprotective effects on a PD cell model by up-regulating autophagy. Furthermore, SIRT3 overexpression also promoted LKB1 phosphorylation, followed by activation of AMPK and decreased phosphorylation of mTOR. These results suggest that the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway has a role in induction of autophagy. Together, our findings indicate a novel mechanism by which SIRT3 protects a rotenone-induced PD cell model through the regulation of autophagy, which, in part, is mediated by activation of the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway

The research for effect of aspects extraction of Chinese commodity comments on supervised learning methods

Abstract With the advent of Web 2.0, there are more and more websites for shopping. These websites often allow customers make comments of the commodity which they have purchased. Therefore, three is an increasing number of online reviews. More importantly, these reviews contain a mass of sentiment. The sentiment is meaningful for merchants and customers. This paper focuses on the extraction of aspects of online review of products. We will use Supervised Learning methods to extract aspects of online review of products. Through the experiment of this paper, we found that Machine Learning can be used for aspects extraction of Chinese online review of products. Using ME and presence character representation can achieve 85.6% accuracy

Latest data constraint of some parameterized dark energy models

Using various latest cosmological datasets including Type-Ia supernovae, cosmic microwave background radiation, baryon acoustic oscillations, and estimations of the Hubble parameter, we test some dark energy models with parameterized equations of state and try to distinguish or select observation-preferred models. We obtain the best fitting results of the six models and calculate their values of the Akaike Information Criteria and Bayes Information Criterion. And we can distinguish these dark energy models from each other by using these two information criterions. However, the $\Lambda$CDM model remains the best fit model. Furthermore, we perform geometric diagnostics including statefinder and Om diagnostics to understand the geometric behaviour of the dark energy models. We find that the six DE models can be distinguished from each other and from $\Lambda$CDM, Chaplygin gas, quintessence models after the statefinder and Om diagnostics were performed. Finally, we consider the growth factor of the dark energy models with comparison to $\Lambda$CDM model. Still, we find the models can be distinguished from each other and from $\Lambda$CDM model through the growth factor approximation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures, to be published in CP