An Estimation of Elasticities of Consumption Demand and Investment Demand for Owner-Occupied Housing in Taiwan : A Two-Period Model

Buying a house usually satisfies housing consumption demand and housing investment demand, simultaneously. In order to disentangle the above two types of demand, households, in this study, are separated into three subtenure groups i.e. renters, owners owning one house, and owners buying a second or more houses. Presumably, renting a house is for consumption only, while buying a second house is usually for investment purposes. Applying a two-period model and two data sets from DGBAS and from Land Bank of Taiwan, the estimated results are as follows: Firstly, the income elasticity of pure consumption demand for housing is very close to unity (1.0413). Secondly, the income elasticity for a pure investment demand is greater than one (1.2643). Finally, for a household owning only one house, the shares for consumption motive and for investment motive are 26% and 74%, respectively.Consumption demand, investment demand, elasticity and housing, Taiwan

W-Band GaAs HEMT MMIC Subharmonically Pumped Diode Mixers with 20 GHz IF Bandwidth

Two subharmonically pumped (SHP) diode mixers are designed for wideband W-band RF frequencies, fixed LO frequency operation. These mixers are fabricated on a 4-mil substrate using 0.1- µµµµm GaAs MMIC process. Both simulation and test results show that the mixers are with 12.25 and 11.75 dB average conversion losses, respectively. Both mixers have IF bandwidth wider than 20 GHz. The conversion loss flatness of the symmetric circuit is within ±1.25 dB. To our knowledge, these are the state-of-the-art result on low-conversion-loss wideband MMIC SHP diode mixers

Mountain top eco-industrial park: An eco-industrial, renewable energy approach for industrial park development

This project applies the concepts of industrial ecology and recreational gateway development to the redesign of an existing industrial park - Mountain Top Industrial Park in Grant County, West Virginia. The location of the existing industrial park, in close proximity to the CSX railroad and the future Corridor H expressway corridor, lends itself to eco-industrial development and may function as a touristic gateway to the region. The site is at the center of an `energy\u27 complex: Mount Storm Power Plant and former surface mines. Extractive industries and energy production will be a theme within the design project. An Eco-Industrial Park model will be applied in looking to a sustainable energy future for the site and the region. The result of this investigation is a new, common sense, approach to industrial park development that combines economic growth and environmental protection. Eco-Industrial parks make use of the raw material of industry and look to developing local industries to create a web of reuse and recycling of the waste products generated by existing facilities. Examples of potential materials for reuse include biomass from timber operations, waste from coal power plants, and agricultural wastes from regional cultivated fields

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN CHINA: FARM LEVEL VERSUS NATIONAL MEASUREMENT

agricultural productivity, China, Productivity Analysis,

Strings in pp-wave background and background B-field from membrane and its symplectic quantization

The symplectic quantization technique is applied to open free membrane and strings in pp-wave background and background gauge field obtained by compactifying the open membrane in the presence of a background anti-symmetric 3--form field. In both cases, first the Poisson brackets among the Fourier modes are obtained and then the Poisson brackets among the membrane(string) coordinates are computed. The full noncommutative phase-space structure is reproduced in case of strings in pp-wave background and background gauge field. We feel that this method of obtaining the Poisson algebra is more elegant than previous approaches discussed in the literature.Comment: Accepted in Physics Letters B, some minor corrections mad

Integrals of Hyperbolic Tangent Function

By means of the contour integration method, we evaluate, in closed form, a class of definite integrals involving hyperbolic tangent function

Integrated Power and Attitude Control Design of Satellites Based on a Fuzzy Adaptive Disturbance Observer Using Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyros

To satisfy the requirements for small satellites that seek agile slewing with peak power, this paper investigates integrated power and attitude control using variable-speed control moment gyros (VSCMGs) that consider the mass and inertia of gimbals and wheels. The paper also details the process for developing the controller by considering various environments in which the controller may be implemented. A fuzzy adaptive disturbance observer (FADO) is proposed to estimate and compensate for the effects of equivalent disturbances. The algorithms can simultaneously track attitude and power. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the control approach, which exhibits an improvement of 80 percent compared with alternate approaches that do not employ a FADO