Temporal dynamics and pathophysiology of the edematous response after acute myocardial infarction: a translational journey

Post-myocardial infarction tissue composition is highly dynamic and can be characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance, which has been used to assess surrogate outcomes and efficacy endpoints in many experimental and clinical studies. However, there is a paucity of studies tracking the temporal dynamics of these processes and analyzing their pathophysiology in a comprehensive manner. The experimental and clinical work contained in this dissertation shows that the degree and extent of post-myocardial infarction tissue composition changes (mainly edema; but also necrosis, hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction) as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance are variable according to the time from infarction, duration of ischemia, cardioprotective strategies, and the interplay between them. These dynamic changes should be taken into consideration when performing image acquisition. Comparative studies should be performed at similar timings to avoid the bias of these dynamic changes. Thus, and in contrast to the accepted view, it is shown for the first time that myocardial edema in the week after ischemia/reperfusion is a bimodal phenomenon, both in pigs and humans. The initial wave of edema, appearing abruptly upon reperfusion and which is significantly attenuated at 24 hours, is due to the reperfusion process itself. The deferred wave of edema, appearing progressively days after ischemia/reperfusion and reaching a plateau between days 4 to 7, is mainly caused by the tissue healing processes. These findings highlight the need for standardizing experimental and clinical protocols for post-myocardial infarction tissue characterization aiming to quantify edema, myocardial area at risk, infarct size, myocardial salvage, intramyocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction. The timeframe between day 4 and 7 post-infarction seems a good compromise solution according to translational data here presented. However, further studies and expert consensus are needed to stablish more precise recommendations

La incidència del pes prosòdic en l’ordre que adopten els components dels binomis en un corpus de dades escrites

Treballs Finals de Grau de Filologia Catalana, Facultat de Filologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2021-2022, Tutora: Clàudia Pons-Moll[cat] L’objectiu d’aquest treball és veure l’ordre que adopten els binomis reversibles, del tipus ‘substantiu + i / o / ni + substantiu’, que apareixen en un corpus escrit del català i, en particular, investigar si el pes prosòdic influeix en la distribució que prenen els elements; és a dir, si existeix una preferència a ordenar els components de menys pesant a més pesant. Per tal de comprovar la incidència d’aquest factor, s’examinen els factors prosòdics que actuen en els binomis, i es du a terme una anàlisi quantitativa del percentatge de casos que presenten el component més pesant en segona posició. D’aquesta manera, es pot demostrar la freqüència amb què se segueix aquesta tendència en la llengua catalana.[eng] The aim of this work is to see the order that adopt the reversible binomials, of the shape ‘noun + and/or + noun’, which appear in a Catalan written corpus and, in particular, if the prosodic weight has an influence on the distribution that their elements take; in other words, if there exists a preference to order the components from less heavy to heavier. In order to verify the incidence of this factor, the prosodic factors acting on the binomials are examined, and a quantitative analysis of the percentage of the cases which present the heavier member in second position is carried out. This way, it is possible to demonstrate the frequency with which this tendency is followed in the Catalan language

Prevención primordial para evitar la aparición de factores de riesgo: la infancia como ventana de oportunidad

XII Curso de Fisiopatología Cardiovacular. Madrid, 30 de noviembre - 1 de diciembre, 2018Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares; Sociedad Española de Cardiologí

Epileptic Encephalopathies in Infants and Children

Epileptic encephalopathies represent a group of devastating epileptic disorders that appear early in life. They are characterized by pharmacoresistant generalized or focal seizures, persistent severe EEG abnormalities, and cognitive dysfunction or decline. The ictal and interictal epileptic discharges are age-specific and either are the main cause or contribute to cognitive deterioration in the idiopathic or symptomatic group, respectively. Despite choosing the most appropriate antiepileptic drugs for the seizure type and syndrome, the results are often disappointing, and polytherapy and/or alternative therapy becomes unavoidable; in those cases, consideration should be given to the quality of life of the child and carers. In this chapter, we will discuss the clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics and evolution and management of age-related epileptic encephalopathies, recognized by the International League Against Epilepsy, as follows: early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Ohtahara syndrome), early myoclonic encephalopathy, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, infantile spasms (West syndrome), severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (Dravet syndrome), myoclonic-atonic epilepsy (Doose syndrome), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep, and Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Their clinical features, prognosis, etiologies, and treatment are presented and updated