Imágenes del Nuevo Mundo

Duración de 7:56 minutos.- Podcast divulgativo sujeto a una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 InternacionalPodcast realizado por la biblioteca TNT sobre la colección de fotografías de Diego Angulo Íñiguez y Enrique Marco Dorta, conservada en la biblioteca, y sobre los trabajos realizados con ella en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación dirigido por el profesor Wifredo Rincón (2012-2015) del Instituto de Historia.Peer reviewe

Ricardo Orueta y su pasión por la fotografía

Duración de 7:25 minutos.- Podcast divulgativo sujeto a una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 InternacionalPosdcast dedicado a la figura de Ricardo Orueta , investigador del Centro de Estudios Históricos y Director General de Bellas Artes durante la República (1931-1933/1936), y su pasión por la fotografía, como herramienta de trabajo y como afición.Peer reviewe

Las redes sociales en la biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás. CSIC

Sección: En directoEl impacto de la web social en la transmisión de información y en la comunicación entre personas es de tal magnitud en la actualidad que las bibliotecas no pueden ni deben mantenerse al margen y desaprovechar todas las posibilidades que les ofrece. En este artículo queremos presentar cómo se ha aplicado la web social en la Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás (BTNT) y cómo esta ha convertido a las redes sociales en un aliado para aumentar su visibilidad. En el momento actual la biblioteca sigue buscando nuevas fórmulas para sacar el máximo partido de sus herramientas fomentando el conocimiento de su colección bibliográfica y sus fondos de archivo. La BTNT, perteneciente a la Red de Bibliotecas y Archivos del CSIC, es una biblioteca de investigación en las áreas de humanidades y ciencias sociales (HCS). A pesar del interés de sus fondos y del volumen [1] de su colección, la BTNT no ha alcanzado todavía el nivel de difusión e impacto que correspondería a una biblioteca de su importancia, especialidad y tamaño. Este fue uno de los motivos que llevaron a la BTNT a plantearse aprovechar, desde su inicio, las oportunidades que ofrecen las herramientas de la web social.N

Effects of cannabis on visual function and self-perceived visual quality

Cannabis is one of the most used drugs of abuse in the world. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of smoking cannabis on vision and to relate these to those perceived by the user. Thirty-one cannabis users participated in this study. Visual function assessment was carried out in a baseline session as well as after smoking cannabis. We evaluated static visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, accommodative response, straylight, night-vision disturbances (halos) and pupil size. The participants were also divided into two groups depending on whether they perceived their vision to have worsened after smoking cannabis. A logistic regression analysis was employed to identify which visual test could best predict self-perceived visual effects. The study found that smoking cannabis has significant adverse effects on all the visual parameters analyzed (p < 0.05). Self-perceived visual quality results revealed that about two thirds of the sample think that smoking cannabis impairs their vision. Contrast sensitivity, specifically for the spatial frequency 18 cpd, was identified as the only visual parameter significantly associated with self-perceived visual quality (Odds Ratio: 1.135; p = 0.040). Smoking cannabis is associated with negative effects on visual function. Self-perceived visual quality after smoking cannabis could be related to impaired contrast sensitivity

Stereopsis simulating small aperture corneal inlay and monovision conditions

Purpose: To analyze stereoscopic vision under a broad range of experimental conditions simulating small-aperture corneal inlay and monovision conditions. Methods: A total of 10 patients participated in the study. The anisocoria generated by corneal inlays was simulated by using a small-aperture contact lens fitted on the non-dominant eye. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function, visual discrimination capacity (halo perception), and stereoacuity tests were performed under natural conditions or when the non-dominant eye wore the small-aperture contact lens under two conditions: induced anisocoria and induced anisocoria combined with monovision (using two add-powers: +0.75 and +1.25 diopters [D]). Stereoscopic vision and binocular summation were analyzed under those experimental conditions and for far, intermediate, and near vision. Results: The results showed a deterioration in stereoacuity with respect to natural conditions, being significant mainly for near and intermediate distances. Results with other visual functions showed a deterioration of the binocular summation and therefore of visual performance, although not in a generalized way for all distances. Binocular visual acuity under the conditions that used the small-aperture contact lens was comparable to that of the natural eye. Conclusions: The deterioration of stereopsis and other binocular functions found in this study may be acceptable for patients who had this surgical technique because it is similar to the deterioration found in other surgical procedures of emmetropization.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Fondo Regional Europeo para el Desarrollo (Grant FIS2013-42204-R)Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU15/05571

Effects of Smoking Cannabis on Visual Function and Driving Performance. A Driving-Simulator Based Study

Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the world. Limited information about the effects of cannabis on visual function is available, and more detail about the possible impact of visual effects on car driving is required. This study investigated the effects of smoking cannabis on vision and driving performance, and whether these effects are correlated. Twenty drivers and occasional users were included (mean (SE) age, 23.3 (1.0) years; five women). Vision and simulated driving performance were evaluated in a baseline session and after smoking cannabis. Under the influence of cannabis, certain visual functions such as visual acuity (p < 0.001), contrast sensitivity (p = 0.004) and stereoacuity (far, p < 0.001; near, p = 0.013) worsened. In addition, there was an overall deterioration of driving performance, with the task of keeping the vehicle in the lane proving more difficult (p < 0.05). A correlation analysis showed significant associations between driving performance and visual function. Thus, the strongest correlations were found between the distance driven onto the shoulder and stereoacuity, for near (ρ = 0.504; p = 0.001) and far distances (ρ = 0.408; p = 0.011). This study provides the first evidence to show that the visual e ects of cannabis could impact driving performance, compromising driving safety. The results indicate that information and awareness campaigns are essential for reducing the incidence of driving under the influence of cannabis.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), grant number FIS2017-85058-R and by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain), grant number Grant FPU15/05571

Impact of Age-Related Vision Changes on Driving

Aging leads to impaired visual function, which can affect driving—a very visually demanding task—and has a direct impact on an individual’s quality of life if their license is withdrawn. This study examined the associations between age-related vision changes and simulated driving performance. To this end, we attempted to determine the most significant visual parameters in terms of evaluating elderly drivers’ eyesight. Twenty-one younger drivers (aged 25–40) were compared to 21 older drivers (aged 56–71). Study participants were assessed for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, halos, and intraocular straylight, which causes veiling luminance on the retina and degrades vision. Driving performance was evaluated using a driving simulator. The relationships between simulated driving performance and the visual parameters tested were examined with correlation analyses and linear regression models. Older drivers presented impairment in most visual parameters (p < 0.05), with straylight being the most significantly affected (we also measured the associated effect size). Older drivers performed significantly worse (p < 0.05) in the simulator test, with a markedly lower performance in lane stability. The results of the multiple linear regression model evidenced that intraocular straylight is the best visual parameter for predicting simulated driving performance (R2 = 0.513). Older drivers have shown significantly poorer results in several aspects of visual function, as well as difficulties in driving simulator performance. Our results suggest that the non-standardized straylight evaluation could be significant in driver assessments, especially at the onset of age-related vision changes.ministry of economy and competitiveness (spain)European Union (EU) FIS2017-85058-Rministry of science, innovation and universities (spain) FPU15/0557

Ursolic and oleanolic acids as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory compounds for tuberculosis treatment

BACKGROUND: New alternatives for the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed and medicinal plants represent a potential option. Chamaedora tepejilote and Lantana hispida are medicinal plants from Mexico and their hexanic extracts have shown antimycobacterial activity. Bioguided investigation of these extracts showed that the active compounds were ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA). METHODS: The activity of UA and OA against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, four monoresistant strains, and two drug-resistant clinical isolates were determined by MABA test. The intracellular activity of UA and OA against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and a MDR clinical isolate were evaluated in a macrophage cell line. Finally, the antitubercular activity of UA and OA was tested in BALB/c mice infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv or a MDR strain, by determining pulmonary bacilli loads, tissue damage by automated histomorphometry, and expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and iNOS by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: The in vitro assay showed that the UA/OA mixture has synergistic activity. The intracellular activity of these compounds against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and a MDR clinical isolate in a macrophage cell line showed that both compounds, alone and in combination, were active against intracellular mycobacteria even at low doses. Moreover, when both compounds were used to treat BALB/c mice with TB induced by H37Rv or MDR bacilli, a significant reduction of bacterial loads and pneumonia were observed compared to the control. Interestingly, animals treated with UA and OA showed a higher expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in their lungs, than control animals. CONCLUSION: UA and OA showed antimicrobial activity plus an immune-stimulatory effect that permitted the control of experimental pulmonary TB

Ibrutinib in Combination With Rituximab for Indolent Clinical Forms of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (IMCL-2015): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial

PURPOSE The need for an individualized management of indolent clinical forms in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is increasingly recognized. We hypothesized that a tailored treatment with ibrutinib in combination with rituximab (IR) could obtain significant responses in these patients. METHODS This is a multicenter single-arm, open-label, phase II study with a two-stage design conducted in 12 Spanish GELTAMO sites (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02682641). Previously untreated MCL patients with indolent clinical forms defined by the following criteria were eligible: no disease-related symptoms, nonblastoid variants, Ki-67 < 30%, and largest tumor diameter <= 3 cm. Both leukemic non-nodal and nodal subtypes were recruited. Patients received ibrutinib 560 mg once daily and a total of eight doses of rituximab 375 mg/m(2). Ibrutinib could be discontinued after 2 years in the case of sustained undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD). The primary end point was the complete response (CR) rate achieved after 12 cycles according to Lugano criteria. RESULTS Fifty patients with MCL (male 66%; median age 65 years) were enrolled. After 12 cycles of treatment, 42 (84%; 95% CI, 74 to 94) patients had an overall response, including 40 (80%; 95% CI, 69 to 91) with CR. Moreover, undetectable MRD in peripheral blood was achieved in 87% (95% CI, 77 to 97) of cases. At 2 years, 24 of 35 evaluable patients (69%) could discontinue ibrutinib because of undetectable MRD. Four patients had disease progression; three were non-nodal MCL and carried high genomic complexity and TP53 mutations at enrollment. No unexpected toxicity was seen except one patient with severe aplastic anemia. CONCLUSION Frontline IR combination achieves a high rate of CRs and undetectable MRD in indolent clinical forms of MCL. Discontinuation seems appropriate in cases with undetectable MRD, except for TP53-mutated cases

Validez de constructo y confiabilidad en Colombia del instrumento Soporte Social en la Enfermedad Crónica

Resultados Los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica eran en su mayoría de género femenino, menores de 59 años, que sabían leer y escribir, contaban con una pareja estable, no eran trabajadores ni empleados, profesaban la religión católica, pertenecían a estratos socioeconómicos bajos y tenían larga permanencia como cuidadores. Su acceso y conocimiento de la tecnología de información y comunicación era medio alto. El instrumento Soporte Social en la Enfermedad Crónica, mostró después de las rotaciones, una agregación insoluble de las preguntas 2 a la 11, 12 a la 20, 21 a la 26 y 27 a la 38. La consistencia interna, tanto para el total del instrumento como para cada una de sus sub-escalas fue mayor a 0,82.Determinar la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad del instrumento Soporte Social en la Enfermedad Crónica en cuidadores familiares colombianos.Universidad Libre de Pereir