Efectos del biocarbón obtenido a partir de residuos agrícolas de uva en la generación de biogás

The wine industry produces a large amount of waste every year, this waste is generally not properly managed and becomes an environmental and sanitary hazard. On the other hand, the production of clean energies such as biogas from cattle manure has become an important energy resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochar obtained by torrefaction of agricultural grape residues in the production and quality of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the La Católica farm, located in Majes, Arequipa-Peru. A multiple factorial design composed of nine treatments was used to produce biochar, where the operating parameters were temperature and torrefaction time; and response parameters were grape residue mass yield, biogas yield and quality. The results indicate that temperature and torrefaction time significantly influence biochar production, with 40 min and 263.00°C being ideal values. Furthermore, biochar efficiently reduces the CO2 and H2S content up to 22% and 0.78 ppm, respectively, of the biogas. However, no impact on biogas and methane yields was observed. The use of waste to produce biochar and improve the quality of biogas can be replicated wherever the wine industry is developed, both in regions close to the coast and in mountainous regions of the Andean countries, achieving an integrated agroecological system, as it promotes sustainable agricultural practices, thus conserving biocultural resources.La industria vitivinícola produce gran cantidad de residuos cada año, residuos que por lo general no son manejados adecuadamente y se convierten por ello en un riesgo ambiental y sanitario. De otra parte, la producción de energía limpia, como el biogás a partir de estiércol vacuno, se ha convertido en un recurso energético importante. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el biocarbón obtenido por torrefacción de residuos agrícolas de uva en la producción y calidad de biogás producido por digestión anaerobia de estiércol vacuno. El estudio se realizó en el área experimental del fundo La Católica, ubicado en Majes, Arequipa, Perú. Se empleó un diseño factorial múltiple compuesto por nueve tratamientos para producir biocarbón, en el cual los parámetros operativos fueron la temperatura y el tiempo de torrefacción; y parámetros de respuesta fueron el rendimiento másico de residuos de uva, rendimiento y calidad del biogás. Los resultados indican que la temperatura y el tiempo de torrefacción influyen significativamente en la producción de biocarbón, y los valores ideales son 40 min y 263.00°C. Además, el biocarbón reduce eficientemente el contenido de CO2 y H2S hasta 22% y 0.78 ppm respectivamente, del biogás. No obstante, no se observó ningún impacto en los rendimientos de biogás y metano. El aprovechamiento de residuos para producir biocarbón y mejorar la calidad del biogás puede ser replicado en cualquier lugar donde se desarrolle la industria vitivinícola

Adaptación de inteligencia artificial por el modelo de regresión múltiple estocástica para determinar la calidad de la fibra de alpaca (Lama pacos)

The application of artificial intelligence based on the multiple linear regression model with stochastic descending gradient is described in order to determine the quality of the white Huacaya alpaca fibre. In total, 1200 fibres corresponding to six alpaca samples were analysed. The fibres were characterized by optical microscopy and with the optical fibre diameter analyser (OFDA 100) equipment. Fibre diameter, medulla diameter, percentage of medullation by volume, comfort factor, and objectionable fibres were considered as independent variables, and the “Soft” factor was considered as a response variable. This last variable resulting from the difference in the comfort factor and objectionable fibres served to give a logical order to the data matrix and obtain an accurate prediction model. The average values were 26.80 ± 6.95 for the fibre diameter, 14.10 ± 5.92 for the medulla diameter, 24.75 ± 13.20 µm for the percentage of medullation by volume and 71.56 ± 13.04% for the comfort factor. The machine learning multiple linear regression modelling fitted a small sample size with high precision, showing minimal errors, and optimized with the stochastic gradient descent algorithm predicted a Soft factor very close to the observed Soft factor. It is concluded that the multiple linear regression technique with the stochastic approach satisfies the prediction of the new factor called "soft" and that it represents the appropriate modelling for the prediction of fibre quality in the textile industry.Se describe la aplicación de inteligencia artificial basada en el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con gradiente descendiente estocástica con la finalidad de determinar la calidad de la fibra de alpaca Huacaya de color blanco. Se analizaron 1200 fibras correspondientes a seis muestras de alpaca. Las fibras se caracterizaron mediante microscopía óptica y con el equipo analizador óptico de diámetro de fibra (OFDA 100). Se consideraron como variables independientes al diámetro de fibra, diámetro de médula, porcentaje de medulación por volumen, factor de confort, fibras objetables y como variable de respuesta al factor “Soft”. Esta última variable resultante de la diferencia del factor de confort y fibras objetables sirvió para darle un ordenamiento lógico a la matriz de datos y obtener un modelo de predicción preciso. Los valores promedio fueron 26.80±6.95 para el diámetro de fibra, 14.10±5.92 en diámetro de medula, 24.75±13.20 μm para el porcentaje de medulación por volumen y 71.56± 13.04% para el factor de confort. El modelamiento de regresión lineal múltiple de machine learning se adaptó con gran precisión a un tamaño muestral pequeño, mostrando errores mínimos, y optimizado con el algoritmo de gradiente descendiente estocástico predijo un factor Soft muy cercano al factor Soft observado. Se concluye que la técnica de regresión lineal múltiple con el enfoque estocástico satisface la predicción del nuevo factor denominado “soft” y que representa el modelamiento adecuado para la predicción de calidad de fibras en la industria textil

Epidemiologic Features and Control Measures during Monkeypox Outbreak, Spain, June 2022

During June 2022, Spain was one of the countries most affected worldwide by a multicountry monkeypox outbreak with chains of transmission without identified links to disease-endemic countries. We provide epidemiologic features of cases reported in Spain and the coordinated measures taken to respond to this outbreak.S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Biochemistry of the Thrombin-Like TLBpic and Its Purification from Bothrops pictus “Jergon de la Costa” (Reptilia: Viperidae)

The venom of snakes is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of simple and complex substances, with inflammation and hyperalgesia being the first symptom caused by the action of Bothrops venom, generating processes such as leukocyte infiltration, hemorrhage, and the intravascular formation of thrombi. Within the simple substances, we have free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids, and biogenic amines (organic molecules) as well as cations and anions (inorganic constituents). Of the ions, we can highlight calcium, which is an important cofactor of some proteolytic enzymes as well as phospholipases A2. And magnesium and zinc are important cofactors of venom metalloproteases. Complex substances are related to proteins and enzymes. Studies related to the total venom of snake present in several organic substances act as pain mediators and are called biogenic amines, such as bradykinin, histamine, 4-hydroxytryptamine, N-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, N′-N′-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and serotonin. In the present study, a fraction with serinoprotease and coagulant activity has been purified on fibrinogen, called TLBpic, using a cationic ion exchange chromatographic system coupled to an HPLC system. The main characteristic of our protocol is the speed, and the high recovery of the fraction with optimal terms gave result of evidence in the SDS-PAGE gel. The ESI (electrospray ionisation), corresponding to the electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide gels and to their denaturing solubilization in the presence of the SDS ionic detergent, uniting the proteins, breaking hydrophobic interactions, showing a molecular mass of ∼30 kDa, demonstrating high molecular homogeneity that exists in this family of proteins, is a soft ionization method, in which the samples were ionized by the addition or removal of a proton, with very little extra energy to cause fragmentation of the produced ions. Samples with molecular masses greater than 1200 Da originate multicharged ions (M + nH)n+ in the positive ionization mode; this methodology guarantees that the purified material has a high degree of purity

Characterization analyzes in the geomechanical behavior of travertine rock

Abstract There is a fundamental interest in studying travertine rocks, and this is to understand their structure, their geomechanical behavior and other particularities in order to guarantee their proper use in different engineering and architectural applications, and thus, evaluate the sustainability of the travertines, natural resources, the stability of slopes, the preservation of cultural heritage and the mitigation of possible anthropic risks. Travertine has petrological and mechanical properties similar to carbonates from oil fields such as those found in El Presal-Brazil, which currently contain the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the world. Given the impossibility of obtaining rock samples from this deposit to carry out the study, rocks similar to these were used. The present study specifically used samples of Lapis tiburtinus rocks, coming from the west of the city of Tivoli in Italy and these showed resistance to uniaxial and triaxial compression, and showed mechanical resistance due to increased porosity and brittleness. The investigation carried out an analysis of the geomechanical behavior travertine through an experimental program, which includes a petrological, structural, and mechanical characterization. It was determined the travertine is mainly composed of micrite and spastic calcite without the presence of grains or allochemical cements and presents high porosity of the fenetral and vulgar type. Macro and micropores were found to be chaotically distributed in the rock and have low connectivity, which demonstrates the complexity and heterogeneity of the porous structure of Roman travertine. Uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength tests were also carried out, observing a decrease in its mechanical strength due to the increase in porosity, presenting a property of brittleness in its behavior. The results were consistent and valid for this type of rock compared to other studies; determining that there is a correct and adequate operation of the triaxial cell used in the mechanical resistance tests

Antología del pensamiento crítico mexicano contemporáneo

A lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte se hizo evidente en México el agotamiento de un régimen que, surgido de profundos procesos revolucionarios, representó siempre un impedimento para la convivencia política democrática, la acción autónoma e independiente de los trabajadores del campo y la ciudad y, en general, para la existencia de prácticamente cualquier oposición política. Es entonces que se producen fuertes combates por superar ese presidencialismo despótico-corporativo y alcanzar la democratización del país. Estos acontecimientos se ven reflejados en mucho de la obra de los más destacados autores que en distintas áreas han contribuido al conocimiento social de México desde una mirada crítica y comprometida. La selección que aquí presentamos rescata esa problemática y ese espíritu de lucha a través de la importante obra de mujeres y hombres que destacan por su originalidad y rigor intelectual, así como por su compromiso para trascender la situación de explotación, pobreza, opresión, discriminación, violencia y antidemocracia que persiste en México. Se trata de una amplia diversidad de enfoques que coinciden en el esfuerzo por encontrar alternativas al orden vigente y que representan un amplio abanico de posiciones políticas críticas. Además, hemos buscado ampliar la mirada más allá de los espacios exclusivamente académicos y darle un justo reconocimiento a quienes, desde sus espacios de lucha social y política, han contribuido al pensamiento crítico que se propone la transformación de este país

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigación desde el año 2003 al 2012

Listado de Proyectos de investigación de UPIICSA desde 2003 a 201

I simposio Internacional sobre Investigación en la enseñanza de las ciencias

Edición 202