Cambios y permanencias en la nueva reforma de la educación infantil

Los cambios en las leyes educativas no siempre traen consigo transformaciones en las prácticas escolares cotidianas. La cultura escolar es mucho más resistente al cambio que las modificaciones en la normativa o las prescripciones oficiales. Sin embargo, la nueva reforma de la Educación Infantil, derivada de la Ley Orgánica de Educación nos ofrece una oportunidad para analizar la visión que se tiene de esta etapa en el momento actual y los temas que se debaten. Aspectos tales como la gratuidad, el lugar del aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura en las primeras edades, o la inclusión de nuevos contenidos en el currículum son algunas de las novedades que nos ofrece esta reforma que, junto otras dimensiones que cotinúan sin cambios, son tratados en este artículo.____________________________Changes to Education Lines do not always entail transformations in the school daily practice. The school culture is rather resistant to changes introduced by any amendments made to regulations or official legal requirements. However, the new reform on Childhood Education, derived from the Ley Orgánica de Educación (Basic Laws of Education), offers the opportunity to analyse our views about this stage and the matters under discussion. Issues such cis the cost- free state of education, the importance of reading and writing learning in the early stages of education or the inclusion of new contents into the curriculum are some of the changes offered by this educational reform which, together with other dimensions still unchanged are discussed in this article

Presence and Performance of Women in Higher Music Studies in Spain.

This article is a case study focused on a music conservatory in southern Spain regarding the implications of the female gender in the academic and professional performance of music students. Through study of data from the Ministry of Culture, the center’s secretariat and a more extensive survey carried out on the promotions of students who have completed their studies, it has been possible to observe a number of aspects showing a series of significant differences in terms of academic and professional performance between male and female music students, without concluding there is real discriminatio

The new teacher training model in Secondary Education and its implementation in the Andalusian Universities

En este artículo se estudia el nuevo modelo de formación de profesores de Educación Secundaria, establecido en España desde el curso 2009-2010. Este modelo consiste en un Máster con una oferta formativa de 60 ECTS. En primer lugar, se hace un análisis comparativo de la formación de profesores de secundaria en el contexto europeo y una breve revisión de los modelos formativos precedentes en España. A continuación, se estudia la estructura curricular del Máster y finalmente, se procede a relatar y valorar el proceso de su implantación en las Universidades Andaluzas.This article examines the new model of Secondary Education teachers training, established in Spain from 2009-2010: a Master with a curriculum offering 60 ECTS. First of all, we propose a comparative analysis of teachers training in the European context and a brief review of previous models in Spain. Then we study the structure of the Master and finally, we proceed to describe and evaluate the process of its implementation in the Andalusian Universities

On the Relationships of Postcanine Tooth Size with Dietary Quality and Brain Volume in Primates: Implications for Hominin Evolution

Brain volume and cheek-tooth size have traditionally been considered as two traits that show opposite evolutionary trends during the evolution of Homo. As a result, differences in encephalization and molarization among hominins tend to be interpreted in paleobiological grounds, because both traits were presumably linked to the dietary quality of extinct species. Here we show that there is an essential difference between the genus Homo and the living primate species, because postcanine tooth size and brain volume are related to negative allometry in primates and show an inverse relationship in Homo. However, when size effects are removed, the negative relationship between encephalization and molarization holds only for platyrrhines and the genus Homo. In addition, there is no general trend for the relationship between postcanine tooth size and dietary quality among the living primates. If size and phylogeny effects are both removed, this relationship vanishes in many taxonomic groups. As a result, the suggestion that the presence of well-developed postcanine teeth in extinct hominins should be indicative of a poor-quality diet cannot be generalized to all extant and extinct primates.This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CGL2010-18124, CGL2011-30334, and HAR2008-04577) and supported by the Department of Economy, Innovation and Science, Junta de Andalucía, Spain (Project P11-HUM-7248 and Research Groups HUM-607 and RNM-146)

The Role of Nrf2 Signaling in PPARβ/δ-Mediated Vascular Protection against Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress

Hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress and plays a substantial role in the progression of vascular diseases. Here, we demonstrated the potentiality of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ activation in attenuating high glucose-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells and diabetic rats, pointing to the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). HUVECs exposed to high glucose showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated NOX-2, NOX-4, Nrf2, and NQO-1 effects that were significantly reversed by the PPARβ/δ agonists GW0742 and L165041. Both PPARβ/δ agonists, in a concentration-dependent manner, induced transcriptional and protein upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) under low- and high-glucose conditions. All effects of PPARβ/δ agonists were reversed by either pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-based downregulation of PPARβ/δ. These in vitro findings were confirmed in diabetic rats treated with GW0742. In conclusion, PPARβ/δ activation confers vascular protection against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress by suppressing NOX-2 and NOX-4 expression plus a direct induction of HO-1; with the subsequent downregulation of the Nrf2 pathway. Thus, PPARβ/δ activation could be of interest to prevent the progression of diabetic vascular complications.This work was supported by Grants from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desar- rollo Regional (FEDER) (SAF2010-22066-C02-01, SAF2010-22066-C02-02, SAF2011-28150, SAF2014-55523- R), Junta de Andalucía (Proyecto de excelencia, P12-CTS- 2722), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RIC RD12/0042/ 0011), Spain

La influencia de las webs oficiales de turismo en la imagen de las provincias andaluzas

La imagen del destino turístico se configura como una herramienta indispensable para poder competir en un mercado cada vez más internacional y sofisticado. Es por ello por lo que una de las funciones principales de la promoción turística es la de proyectar una imagen del destino que sea deseable para conocerlo. Las administraciones públicas y concretamente los Patronatos Provinciales de Turismo (PPT) u organismos provinciales con funciones similares utilizan portales turísticos oficiales de los destinos como principal herramienta para estimular el deseo de visitar el destino promocionado. El éxito en el cumplimiento de su función de promoción y de configuración de la imagen de destino turístico de las provincias andaluzas dependerá en gran medida de la forma en que la información es transmitida a través de Internet. En este trabajo se pretende conocer las características y la influencia que los sitios web turísticos oficiales ejercen sobre la percepción de la imagen de los destinos turísticos provinciales andaluces. El objetivo central del presente estudio es comprobar la manera en que el acceso al portal turístico de un destino puede influir en la configuración de su imagen y en qué aspectos la web tiene más éxito en modificar la imagen hacia una percepción más favorable. Mediante el análisis de las diferencias entre la imagen original y la imagen inducida de cada una de las provincias andaluzas como destino turístico después de visitar la web turística es posible inferir la existencia de una influencia de la información turística suministrada por las webs en la imagen.La influencia de las webs oficiales de turismo en la imagen de las provincias andaluzas One of the main functions of touristic promotion is projecting a desirable image of the destination. This is why an image of the touristic destination is an indispensable tool to compete in an increasingly international and sophisticated market. Recently, one of the most popular tools that offers information to tourists is the Internet, which according to recent studies is ranked as the first among the means used by travelers to decide on a destination. The government and particularly tourist boards or provincial agencies with similar functions, use official touristic destination websites as the main tool to stimulate the desire to visit the sponsored destination. The success in fulfilling its role in promoting and shaping the image of the touristic destination of Andalusia’s provinces mainly depends on the way the information is transmitted over the Internet. This study aims to understand the characteristics and the influence that official tourist websites have on the perception of the image of Andalusia’s provincial destinations. The main objective of this study is to test how the access to these websites can influence the evaluation of the destination. Analyzing the differences between the original image and the induced image of the destination, it is possible to infer an influence from the touristic information provided by the websites

Análisis de las webs turísticas provinciales

Uno de los medios más utilizados en los últimos tiempos para ofrecer informaciones a los turistas es Internet, situándose según los últimos estudios en el primer lugar entre los medios utilizados por los viajeros para decidir la visita a un destino turístico. Las administraciones públicas y concretamente los Patronatos Provinciales de Turismo (PPT) u organismos provinciales con funciones similares, utilizan portales turísticos oficiales de los destinos como principal herramienta para estimular el deseo de visitar el destino promocionado. El éxito en el cumplimiento de su función de promoción de las provincias andaluzas dependerá en gran medida de la forma en que la información es transmitida a través de Internet. El objetivo central de este trabajo es llevar a cabo un estudio descriptivo de las webs turísticas oficiales de las ocho provincias andaluzas en cuanto a su funcionalidad y contenido de información turística, comercialización, idiomas, características de comunicación interactiva y otros aspectos relacionados con las funciones y los servicios ofrecidos por las webs. Se pretende así evaluar la calidad del sitio web turístico de las ocho provincias de Andalucía para medir, de forma objetiva, la bondad de la promoción online realizada en estos destinos.One of the main functions of touristic promotion is projecting a desirable image of the destination. This is why a picture of the touristic destination is an indispensable tool to compete in an increasingly international and sophisticated market. Recently, one of the most popular tools that offers information to tourists is the Internet, which according to recent studies is ranked as the first among the means used by travelers to decide on a destination. The government and particularly tourist boards or provincial agencies with similar functions, use official touristic destination websites as the main tool to stimulate the desire to visit the sponsored destination. The success in fulfilling its role in promoting the touristic destination of Andalusia’s provinces mainly depends on the way the information is transmitted over the Internet. The main objective of this paper is to carry out a descriptive study of the official touristic websites of Andalusia’s eight provinces in terms of its usefulness and contents of touristic information, marketing, languages, interactive communication features and other aspects related to the functions and services offered by these websites. The aim is to assess the quality of the websites of the eight provinces to measure, objectively, the goodness of the online promotion conducted in these destinations

Avian scavengers' contributions to people: the cultural dimension of wildlife-based tourism

Scavengers provide significant nature's contributions to people (NCP), including disease control through carcass removal, but their non-material NCP are rarely considered. For the first time, we assess the extent and value of the NCP provided by European avian scavengers through a scavenger-based tourism at Pyrenean supplementary feeding sites (SFS). Using a two-step cluster analysis, two different types of visitor were identified (specialist avian scavenger-watchers and generalist nature-lovers) at those SFS offering recreational experiences (n = 20, i.e. birdwatching, educational, or photographic activities). Most visitors (85%) perceived avian scavengers as beneficial NCP providers, associating this guild with non-material NCP (mostly supporting identities), followed by regulating and maintenance of options NCP (<1%). Our findings help to characterize the type of people who participate in scavenger related recreation and to identify and value their perceptions of avian scavengers. There has not been much previous research on positive human-wildlife interactions, even though ignoring people emotional bonds with nature can be perilous for biodiversity conservation.FundingThis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industryand Competitiveness (project CGL2015-66966-C2-2-R), Ministry ofScience, Innovation and Universities (project RTI2018-099609-B-C22),and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through theINTERREG V - A - España - Francia - Andorra (POCTEFA 2014 - 2020program, project ECOGYP EFA 089/15). RGJ was supported by a pre-doctoral grant (FPI/BES-2016-077510) granted by the Spanish Ministryof Economy and Competitiveness. JMPG was supported by a SpanishMinistry of Science, Innovation and Universities postdoctoral contract(IJC-2019-038968). ZMR was supported by a postdoctoral contract co-funded by the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund(APOSTD/2019/016)

Linum flos-carmini (Linaceae), a new species from northern Morocco

Linum bicolor is a problematic North African taxon associated with L. setaceum. A consensus on the taxonomic status of a putative form (L. setaceum var. bicolor f. robusta) has not been achieved yet. We conducted a morphological study based on herbarium and field collections, combined with nuclear (ITS) and plastid (ndhF5-8 and trnL-F) phylogenies to clarify its status. The phylogenetic analysis did not reveal molecular divergence, but a comparative morphological study revealed substantial differences in traits previously used to distinguish the two taxa (stems, leaves, corolla and calyx size). In addition, we found that the indumentum of sepals, petal colour, and the arrangement of anthers and stigmas differed so clearly between the form robusta and L. setaceum s. stricto, that recognizing the former taxon as an independent species was justified. We provide an identification key to the yellow- and white-flowered Linum species in NW Africa. We also revised the unplaced name L. bicolor Schoubs. ex DC. and lectotypified it to avoid nomenclatural problems

El uso de la metodología DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) para la evaluación del impacto de las TIC en la productividad del sector hotelero

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar una técnica no paramétrica para la construcción de fronteras de producción que es aplicada en muchos estudios sobre eficiencia y hotelería. El DEA (Análisis Envolvente de Datos) permite la utilización de múltiples inputs y outputs sin imponer ninguna forma funcional a los datos o hacer suposiciones de ineficiencia. Para proporcionar la medición total de la eficiencia económica (Economic Efficiency) se combinan tanto la eficiencia técnica (Technical Efficiency), que se refiere a la capacidad de un hotel para obtener el máximo output para un determinado conjunto de inputs, con referencia a una determinada función de producción; como la eficiencia asignativa (Allocative Efficiency), que se refiere a la capacidad de un hotel para utilizar los inputs y generar outputs en proporciones óptimas, considerando sus respectivos precios. El modelo DEA permite la medición de las dos cuando tenemos información sobre los precios y queremos considerar un objetivo comportamental, como minimizar los costes y maximizar los ingresos. En los modelos orientados al output, DEA propone identificar la ineficiencia con un aumento proporcional en la obtención de la producción. En los modelos orientados a los inputs, la ineficiencia técnica se identificaría con una disminución proporcional en el uso de las entradas. En cuanto a los hoteles, las orientaciones de mercado parece ser la elección natural debido a su posición competitiva.The main objective of this paper is to analyze the nonparametric technique used in many studies of hospitality. The econometric frontier approach, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) allows the use of multiple inputs/outputs without imposing any functional form to data or make assumptions of inefficiency. (Technical Efficiency) refers to the ability of a hotel for the maximum output for a given set of inputs, with reference to a function of production. Conversely, (Allocative Efficiency) refers to the ability of a hotel to use the inputs and produce outputs in optimal proportions given their prices. These two measures are combined to provide the measurement of total (Economic Efficiency). The DEA model allows measurement of both when we have information about prices and we want to consider a behavioral objective, such as minimizing costs and maximizing revenues. In the production oriented models DEA is to identify the inefficiency as a proportional increase in production use. You can use an input oriented model to technical inefficiency with a proportional decrease in the use of the entrances. With regard to the guidance market hotels seem to be the natural choice due to its competitive position