Bioconcentration and translocation of Cd in water lily (Eichhornia crassipes) at different initial concentrations and pH values / Bioconcentración y traslocation de Cd en lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) a diferentes valores iniciales de concentración y pH

Artículo en revista indexada en Open AccessABSTRACTEichhornia crassipeshas a high tolerance to pollution, making it eligible for use in wastewater phytoremediation. This paper reports a laboratory study conducted under environmental conditions of the city of Toluca (Mexico), of the plant’s suitability for cadmium accumulation, bioconcentration and translocation as a function of initial Cd concentration (1, 5, 10 and 130 mg Cd/L) and pH (pHo= 3, 5, 7). Water lily showed high tolerance to high Cd concentrations. The plant neutralized the medium in less than 15 minutes (1 and 5 mg Cd/L), even when starting from pHo3. Water lily can be considered a Cd hyperaccumulator (from 1 to 10 mg Cd/L) in the root and the whole plant. Translocation factors (TF) were low in all experiments (< 1) and pHodid not have significant effects on translocation. RESUMEN: Eichhornia crassipesposee una alta tolerancia a la contaminación, convirtiéndola enuna planta elegible para ser usada en fitorremediación de aguas residuales. Este artículo muestra los resultados de experimentosde laboratorio bajo condiciones ambientales de la ciudad de Toluca (México), en los que se muestra la capacidad de la planta para acumular Cadmio, bioconcentrarlo y traslocarlo, como función de la concentración inicial de metal (1, 5, 10,130 mg Cd/L) and el valor de pHinicial(pHo= 3, 5, 7). El lirio acuático mostró alta tolerancia a las altas concentraciones de metal. La planta neutralizóel medio en menos de 15 minutos (en los experimentos con concentraciones iniciales de 1 y5 mg Cd/L), incluso comenzando desde un pH inicial de 3. El lirio acuático puede considerarse como hiperacumulador de Cda concentraciones inferiores a 10 mg Cd/L,tanto en raíces como en planta completa.El Factor de traslocación(TF, por sus siglas en inglés) fue bajo, <1, en todos los experimentos. El pH inicial no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la traslocación del metaUAEM 2506/2007U CONACYT 9118

Estudios sobre diversas compostas de lirio acuático (E. crassipes) y lodo residual

Capítulo del libro "Ingeniería en Desarrollo Sustentable", págs. 51-55Se realizaron ensayos orientados al composteo de lirio acuático y lodo residual, materiales que representan problemas ambientales por su difícil control y disposición final. Con el objetivo de acelerar el proceso de composteo se utilizaron diversos materiales de enmienda: aserrín, cáscara de plátano y residuos de piña. Los resultados mostraron una gran resistencia a la degradación del lirio acuático, en especial, la raíz. La temperatura no se elevó hasta el rango termófilo pero se produjo un consumo de hasta un 15% de carbono y del 30% en nitrógeno.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Fundación Empresa-Educación Superio

Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes According to the Accurate Term Antepartum Ultrasound Estimation of Extreme Fetal Weights

(1) Background: The accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight (EFW) at term may be useful in addressing obstetric complications since birth weight (BW) is a parameter that represents an important prognostic factor for perinatal and maternal morbidity. (2) Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of 2156 women with a singleton pregnancy, it is verified whether or not perinatal and maternal morbidity differs between extreme BWs estimated at term by ultrasound within the seven days prior to birth with Accurate EFW (difference < 10% between EFW and BW) and those with Non-Accurate EFW (difference ≥ 10% between EFW and BW). (3) Results: Significantly worse perinatal outcomes (according to different variables such as higher rate of arterial pH at birth < 7.20, higher rate of 1-min Apgar < 7, higher rate of 5-min Apgar < 7, higher grade of neonatal resuscitation and need for admission to the neonatal care unit) were found for extreme BW estimated by antepartum ultrasounds with Non-Accurate EFW compared with those with Accurate EFW. This was the case when extreme BWs were compared according to percentile distribution by sex and gestational age following the national reference growth charts (small for gestational age and large for gestational age), and when they were compared according to weight range (low birth weight and high birth weight). (4) Conclusions: Clinicians should make a greater effort when performing EFW by ultrasound at term in cases of suspected extreme fetal weights, and need to take an increasingly prudent approach to its management

Bioconcentration and translocation of Cd in water lily (Eichhornia crassipes) at different initial concentrations and pH values / Bioconcentración y traslocation de Cd en lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) a diferentes valores iniciales de concentración y pH

Eichhornia crassipes posee una alta tolerancia a la contaminación, convirtiéndola en una planta elegible para ser usada en fitorremediación de aguas residuales. Este artículo muestra los resultados de experimentos de laboratorio bajo condiciones ambientales de la ciudad de Toluca (México), en los que se muestra la capacidad de la planta para acumular Cadmio, bioconcentrarlo y traslocarlo, como función de la concentración inicial de metal (1, 5, 10, 130 mg Cd/L) and  el valor de pH inicial (pHo= 3, 5, 7). El lirio acuático mostró alta tolerancia a las altas concentraciones de metal. La planta neutralizó el medio en menos de 15 minutos (en los experimentos con concentraciones iniciales de 1 y 5 mg Cd/L), incluso comenzando desde un pH inicial de 3. El lirio acuático puede considerarse como hiperacumulador de Cd a concentraciones inferiores a 10 mg Cd/L, tanto en raíces como en planta completa. El Factor de traslocación (TF, por sus siglas en inglés) fue bajo, &lt;1, en todos los experimentos. El pH inicial no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la traslocación del metal.

Reducción de color con cloruro de magnesio en soluciones con colorantes comerciales

Se experimentó con diferentes concentraciones de cloruro de magnesio (MgCl2) como coagulante para reducir el color en soluciones con colorantes comerciales: negro, azul y café. Los parámetros analizados fueron pH, color, demanda química de oxígeno ( dqo ) y sólidos suspendidos totales (sst) de acuerdo con las Normas Mexicanas. Como prueba complementaria se agregó carbón activado a las muestras para reducir el color residual después de la coagulación-floculación. La reducción de los valores de color y dqo fue mayor cuando se adicionó más cantidad de MgCl2 (1.8 g/L). Los porcentajes de reducción fueron 90% para el color y >50% para la dqo. Los sst aumentaron con la adición de MgCl2. El carbón activado eliminó el color residual

Effect of age on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Spain between 2001 and 2012

Objetivo: Valorar el efecto de la edad sobre el incremento en la prevalencia de DM en España entre 2001 y 2012. Métodos: Partiendo de las prevalencias de DM de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud realizadas en España en 2001, 2006 y 2012 y de la distribución etaria de la población, se calcularon, mediante método directo, las prevalencias ajustadas por edad para cada año, tomando como población de referencia la de 2006. Asimismo, se calcularon los incrementos porcentuales crudos y ajustados para el periodo total y para los subperíodos 2001-2006 y 2006-2012. Resultados: El 12,5% del incremento en la prevalencia cruda de DM es atribuible al envejecimiento poblacional durante el período total. Aunque las tendencias son diferentes en los dos subperíodos considerados, las prevalencias ajustadas también muestran una tendencia creciente. Conclusiones: Además del envejecimiento poblacional, existen otros factores responsables del incremento en las tasas de diabetes en España en 2001-2012 que es preciso conocer.Objective: To assess the effect of age on the increase in DM prevalence in Spain between 2001 and 2012. Methods: From the DM prevalence data of the National Health Surveys performed in Spain in 2001, 2006, and 2012 and age distribution of the population, adjusted prevalence rates by age for each year were calculated by the direct method, taking the 2006 population as the reference one. Crude and adjusted percentage increases were also calculated for the whole period and for the 2001-2006 and 2006-2012 sub-periods. Results: 12.5% of the crude DM prevalence increase is attributable to the population aging during the whole period. Although the trends are different in the two sub-periods, adjusted prevalence rates also show an increasing trend. Conclusions: Aside from population aging, there exist other factors responsible for the increase in diabetes prevalence rates in Spain in 2001-2012 that should be known

Pre-Pregnancy Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), an important public health problem that affects mothers and offspring, is a common metabolic disorder. We evaluated the effect of the pre-pregnancy Mediterranean diet (MD) level of exposure on the odds of GDM development. A case-control study (291 GDM cases and 1175 controls without GDM) was conducted in pregnant women. Pre-pregnancy dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate an MD adherence index (range score 0–9: low ≤ 2; middle 3–4; high 5–6; very high ≥ 7). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models including age, BMI, family history of diabetes mellitus, previous GDM, miscarriages, and gravidity. Overall, middle-high MD adherence was 216/291 (74.2%) and very high adherence was 17/291 (5.8%) in cases. In controls the corresponding figures were 900/1175 (76.6%) and 73/1175 (6.2%), respectively. Compared to low adherence, high MD adherence was associated with GDM reduction (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39,0.94; p = 0.028), and very high MD adherence was even more strongly associated (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15, 0.72; p = 0.005). The protective effect of adherence to the MD prior to pregnancy should be considered as a preventive tool against the development of GDM

Walking in pregnancy and prevention of insomnia in third trimester using pedometers: study protocol of Walking_Preg project (WPP). A randomized controlled trial

Background: Previous studies in pregnancy have not focused in evaluating the effect of walking during pregnancy and prevention of insomnia. Our general objective is to determine the effect of a walking program in preventing the appearance of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy, increasing sleep quality and improving quality of life throughout pregnancy. Methods: Randomized Controlled trial in parallel in healthy sedentary pregnant women (n = 265), Walking_Preg Project (WPP), from university hospital in Granada, Spain. At 12th gestational week (GW), they will be invited to participate and randomly assigned to one of the three arms of study: the intervention group I1 (pedometer, goal of 11,000 steps/day), intervention group I2 (pedometer, no goal) and control (no pedometer). Duration of intervention: 13–32 GW. At 12th, 19th and 31st GW the average steps/day will be measured in groups I1 and I2. At 13th, 20th and 32nd GW, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (AMD), physical activity (short IPAQ), quality of life (PSI), and consumption of toxic substances (caffeine, illegal drugs, alcohol and tobacco) will be collected. Student t test or Mann-Whitney U will be used to compare 19th and 31st GW mean of daily steps between I1 and I2 groups. To compare differences between groups in terms of frequency of insomnia/quality of life for each trimester of pregnancy, Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test will be used. To determine differences in hours of sleep and quality of sleep throughout each trimester of pregnancy, analysis of variance or Friedman test will be used. McNemar-Bowker test will be used to assess differences in life quality in pre-post analyses in the 3 arms. We will use Stata 15 statistical software.Fundacion Publica Andaluza para la Investigacion Biosanitaria (FIBAO - IBS) PI-0350-201

Effect of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Olive Oil Intake during Pregnancy on Risk of Small for Gestational Age Infants

To quantify the effect of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as well as the consumption of olive oil (OO), on the risk of having a small for gestational age infants (SGA), a matched case-control study was conducted in Spain. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three indices were used to evaluate the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) (Predimed, Trichopoulou and Panagiotakos). Crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results were stratified by severity of SGA: moderate (percentiles 6–10), and severe (percentiles _5). For moderate, four or more points in the Predimed´s index was associated with a 41% reduction of having SGA compared with women with a score _3, aOR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.38–0.98); for severe, the reduction in risk was not statistically significant. Similar results were found when the other MD indexes were used. An intake of OO above 5 g/day was associated with a lower risk of SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.85); statistical significance was observed for moderate SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.30–0.96), but not for severe SGA (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.24–1.07), although the magnitude of ORs were quite similar. Adherence to a MD and OO intake is associated with a reduced risk of SGA.This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Health Carlos III (PI11/02199)