Trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad: actualidad farmacológica

El TDAH es una enfermedad conductual de características variables con alta prevalencia entre la población infantil. Se comenzó a tratar a principios del siglo XX con estimulantes, siendo actualmente aun el tratamiento de primera elección. Este tratamiento está enfocado al control de los síntomas con el fin de que el sujeto pueda llevar una vida lo más normal posible. En cuanto al tratamiento con estimulantes los más importantes y únicos aprobados para esta indicación son el metilfenidato y la lisdexanfetamina, que han demostrado en múltiples estudios frente a placebo un claro control de la sintomatología. En cuanto al tratamiento con no estimulantes, solo está aprobada la atomoxetina para esta indicación a pesar de que existen gran cantidad de principios activos, que han demostrado ser efectivos en el control de los síntomas, pero menos seguros, por presentar más efectos secundarios. Se están estudiando nuevas alternativas farmacológicas con la intención de mejorar aspectos terapéuticos importantes, como la posología y vía de administración (parches transdérmicos) disminución de efectos secundarios como euforia, insomnio y efectos a largo plazo; así como la mejoría de la adherencia por parte del paciente

Stricter Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Its Association with Lower Blood Pressure, Visceral Fat, and Waist Circumference in University Students

We are grateful to the university students for their participation in this study.How diet affects blood pressure (BP) in young adults has not been studied in sufficient depth. For this purpose, we analyzed adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and BP in Spanish university students. The sample population of our cross-sectional study consisted of 244 subjects (18–31 years old), who were in good health. Measurements were taken of their systolic and diastolic BP. A food frequency questionnaire and 72 h food record were used to assess their dietary intake in the previous year. The resulting DASH score was based on foodstuffs that were emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. Analysis of covariance adjusted for potential confounding factors showed that the mean values for systolic BP, visceral fat rating, and waist circumference (WC) of the subjects in the upper third of the DASH score were significantly lower than those of the subjects in the lower third (for systolic BP: mean difference −4.36 mmHg, p = 0.004; for visceral fat rating: mean difference −0.4, p = 0.024; for waist circumference: mean difference −3.2, p = 0.019). Stricter adherence to the DASH dietary pattern led to a lower BP, visceral fat rating, and WC values in these university students. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.This study was funded by the Programme Contract (2015–2017) of the Faculty of Nursing of Melilla (University of Granada), specifically the research line “Lifestyles and health care in a multicultural population”

Electroluminescence Imaging and Light-Beam Induced Current as characterization techniques of Multi-Crystalline Si Solar Cells

There is an increasing demand for characterizing multicrystalline solar cells at different stages of its service life. Luminescence techniques, e.g. electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL), have acquired a paramount interest in the last years. These techniques are used in imaging mode, allowing to take a luminescence picture at a full wafer/cell scale. This imaging approach is fast and sensitive, but has a low spatial resolution, which avoids a detailed analysis of the defect distribution, which can led to misinterpretations about critical parameters as the minority carrier diffusion length, or the internal and external quantum efficiencies. If one complements these techniques with high spatial resolution techniques, such as light beam induced current (LBIC), one can study the electrical activity of the defects at a micrometric scale, providing additional understanding about the role played by the defects in full wafer/cell luminescence images. The combination of the macroscopic and microscopic resolution scales is necessary for the analysis of the full luminescence images in mc-Si solar cells.Proyecto de Investigación ENE2014-56069-C4- 4-R (MCIN)Proyecto de Investigación ENE2017-89561-C4-3-R (MCIN)Proyecto de Investigación VA081U16 (Junta de Castilla y León

Detección y desarrollo del talento deportivo: el estado del arte

Son muchos los deportistas jóvenes que presentan el potencial para poder obtener rendimientos elevados. Sin embargo, son muy pocos los que alcanzan un nivel internacional. Conseguir la excelencia en el deporte requiere grandes esfuerzos, recursos y tiempo. Cualquier pequeño avance, cualquier mínimo detalle que ayude a mejorar dicho proceso, que aumente las opciones de éxito de los distintos programas formativos, será excepcionalmente valorado por los entrenadores, deportistas y gestores. ¿Qué es lo que permite o provoca que un deportista si alcance los resultados esperados y otros no? ¿Qué factores favorecen el desarrollo del deportista? ¿Cómo diseñar el proceso de detección y desarrollo del talento?. La presente conferencia tiene como objetivo presentar el estado del arte en la detección y desarrollo del talento, ofreciendo al lector una visión general de cuales han sido las principales formas de afrontar este proceso, al mismo tiempo que se detallan los principales conceptos y factores que, hoy en día, se conocen como favorecedores o limitantes del desarrollo deportivo. Por ello, se ha dividido fundamentalmente en dos partes. La primera de ellas, hace referencia a las investigaciones realizadas en este ámbito, tanto desde el punto de vista cuantitativo como cualitativo. Se presentan las principales conclusiones de ambas líneas de investigación, de tal manera, que el lector pueda tener una idea general de cómo es el proceso formativo del deportista. La segunda parte de la conferencia presenta, dada las limitaciones existentes en las investigaciones realizadas hasta la fecha, nuevas alternativas al proceso de identificación y desarrollo del talento

Photoluminescence Imaging and LBIC Characterization of Defects in mc-Si Solar Cells

Today’s photovoltaic market is dominated by multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) based solar cells with around 70% of worldwide production. In order to improve the quality of the Si material, a proper characterization of the electrical activity in mc-Si solar cells is essential. A full-wafer characterization technique such as photoluminescence imaging (PLi) provides a fast inspection of the wafer defects, though at the expense of the spatial resolution. On the other hand, a study of the defects at a microscopic scale can be achieved through the light-beam induced current technique. The combination of these macroscopic and microscopic resolution techniques allows a detailed study of the electrical activity of defects in mc-Si solar cells. In this work, upgraded metallurgical grade Si solar cells are studied using these two techniques.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (ENE2014-56069-C4-4-R)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. Project VA081U16

MaRIA: a process to model entity reconciliation problems

Within the development of software systems, the development of web applications may be one of the most widespread at present due to the great number of advantages they provide such as: multiplatform, speed of access or the not requiring extremely powerful hardware among others. The fact that so many web applications are being developed, makes enormous the volume of information that it is generated daily. In the management of all this information, the entity reconciliation (ER) problem occurs, which is to identify objects referring to the same real-world entity. This paper proposes to give a solution to this problem through a web perspective based on the Model-Driven Engineering paradigm. To this end, the Navigational Development Techniques (NDT) methodology, that provides a formal and complete set of processes that bring support to the software lifecycle management, has been taken as a reference and it has been extended adding new activities, artefacts and documents to cover the ER. All these elements are defined by a process named Model-Driven Entity ReconcilIAtion (MaRIA), that can be integrated in any software development methodology and allows one to define the ER problem from the early stages of the development. In addition, this proposal has been validated in a real-world case study helping companies to reduce costs when a software product that must give a solution to an ER problem has to be developedMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-46928-C3-3-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-76956-C3-2-R (POLOLAS)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-71938-RED

EUPVSEC 2018

There are many characterization techniques available to evaluate the health of solar panels, such as I-V characterization, infrared thermography (IR), photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL). EL imaging has become in recent years a powerful diagnostic tool to evaluate PV modules. EL images allow to detect several defects and degradation modes in the solar cells. The failures are observed as dark contrasted areas in the images. Broad dark regions can be detected even in a low resolution image, while a high resolution image is needed to detect some more specific problems such as cracks, multi-cracks or other line-shaped defects.PósterJunta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA081U16)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Proyect ENE2014-56069-C4-4-R

A combined photophysical and computational study on the binding of mycophenolate mofetil and its major metabolite to transport proteins

[EN] Binding of the inmunodrepresive agent mycophenolate mofetil (MMP) and its pharmacologically active metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) to human serum albumin (HSA) and ¿1-acid glycoprotein (HAAG) has been investigated by an integrated approach involving selective excitation of the drug fluorophore, following their UV-A triggered fluorescence and docking studies. The formation of the protein/ligand complexes was evidenced by a dramatic enhancement of the fluorescence intensity and a hypsochromic shift of the emission band. In HSA, competitive studies using oleic acid as site I probe revealed site I as the main binding site of the ligands. Binding constants revealed that the affinity of the active metabolite by HSA is four-fold higher than its proactive form. Moreover, the affinity of MMP by HSA is three-fold higher than by HAAG. Docking studies revealed significant molecular binding differences in the binding of MMP and MPA to sub-domain IIA of HSA (site 1). For MPA, the aromatic moiety would be in close contact to Trp214 with the flexible chain pointing to the other end of the sub-domain; on the contrary, for MMP, the carboxylate group of the chain would be fixed nearby Trp214 through electrostatic interactions with residues Arg218 and Arg222.Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (CTQ2013-47872-C2-1-P, CTQ2016-78875-P, SAF2016-75638-R), the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigacion de Galicia accreditation 2016-2019, ED431G/09), the European Union (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/075) is gratefully acknowledgedVendrell-Criado, V.; González-Bello, C.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ.; Jiménez Molero, MC. (2018). A combined photophysical and computational study on the binding of mycophenolate mofetil and its major metabolite to transport proteins. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 199:308-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.064S30831419

Electrical activity of crystal defects in multicrystalline Si

Producción CientíficaUpgraded metallurgical-grade silicon solar cells with different ranges of efficiencies have been characterized by light-beam-induced current (LBIC) measurements. The interaction between grain boundaries and metallic impurities is studied for cells fabricated on wafers from different solidification heights of the ingot. A tight relation is observed between the electrical activity of the grain boundaries and the position of the wafer in the ingot, which is related to the impurity contamination. The presence of a large amount of metallic impurities enhances the electrical activity of the grain boundaries. The main features of the LBIC images are discussed in relation to the presence of metallic impurities.Junta de Castilla y León (project VA283P18)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (project ENE2017-89561-C4-3-R