Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de úlceras por presión

ObjetivoConocer la prevalencia de úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes incapacitados de una Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS) y caracterizar los factores de riesgo asociados a su aparición.DiseñoEstudio transversal observacional.EmplazamientoZBS Rincón de la Victoria (Málaga).ParticipantesPacientes incluidos en el Programa de Incapacitados (n = 178), de la ZBS, residentes en su domicilio o en una residencia geriátrica.MedicionesCuestionario específico con variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Para la valoración de factores de riesgo asociados con la formación de UPP, se utilizó la Escala de Norton Modificada (ENM). La variable resultado de interés fue la presencia o ausencia de UPP, localización y grado. El denominador para el cálculo de la prevalencia ha sido el total de pacientes valorados.ResultadosLa prevalencia fue del 12,9%. La característica sociodemográfica más significativa asociada con la presencia de úlceras en estos pacientes fue el nivel de instrucción del cuidador. Se constata asociación de determinadas variables del estado de salud del paciente con aparición de UPP.ConclusionesLos resultados alertan a la necesidad de la realización de protocolos diagnósticos y de intervención comunitaria para reducir la presentación de UPP en pacientes incapacitados que viven en la comunidad.ObjectivesTo study prevalence of pressure ulcers among functionally impaired patients in the community and evaluate risk factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers in these patients.DesignCross-sectional, observational study.SettingCommunity dwellers served by the Primary Health Care Area of Rincón de la Victoria in Málaga.ParticipantsAll patients included in the «Impaired Patient Programme» (n=178).MethodsA questionnaire was developed to ascertain demographic and health characteristics. Risk factors were evaluated with the Modified Norton Scale. The outcome variable of interest was presence or absence of pressure ulcers, their location and grade. The denominator used for the calculation of the prevalence was the total of evaluated patients.ResultsPrevalence of pressure ulcers in our Basic Health Area was 12.9%. The most important sociodemographic characteristic associated with the presence of pressure ulcers in these patients was the educational attainment of the caregiver. Health varaibles of the patient were also associated with the risk of developing ulcers.ConclusionsResults indicate the need of diagnostic protocols with standardised instruments and prevention plans to reduce pressure ulcers in the community. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate interventions in this area

Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards

Análisis de la toma de decisiones de los agricultores ante cambios en el precio del agua. Modelos de decisión multicriterio

Este trabajo hace un análisis del impacto que tendrá en la agricultura un precio creciente del agua en dos zonas regables. Para ello emplea un modelo de programación clásico y otro en el que se efectúa una simulación de función de utilidad deducido a partir de metodología multicriterio.......Weighted goal programming is applied to two irrigation units in Spain in order to obtain a surrogated utility function. The MAUF obtained is used to simulate behaviour under increasing price of water. Conclusions show that behaviour differs as a function of farm size and socioeconomic characteristics of farmers. Also MAUF models outperform to classical LP models by a closer prediction of observed decisions

Análisis de la toma de decisiones de los agricultores ante cambios en el precio del agua: modelos de decisión multicriterio

Este trabajo hace un análisis del impacto que tendrá en la agricultura un precio creciente del agua en dos zonas regables. Para ello emplea un modelo de programación clásico y otro en el que se efectúa una simulación de función de utilidad deducido a partir de metodolo-gía multicriteri

Dispositif de mesure de la dose délivrée à travers un film radiosensible sous exposition à des rayonnements ionisants

[EN] The invention relates to a device for measuring the dose delivered through a radiosensitive film under exposure to ionizing radiations, to a system comprising such device and to the use of such device. More particularly, the device comprises a reflection film; at least one light source; a radiosensitive film; and an optical sensor system comprising a 2-D array of one or more photoresistor units and/or semiconductor units. The present invention also relates to a system comprising the device previously described; a readout integrated circuit unit connected to the optical sensor system of the device; and a processing unit connected to the readout integrated circuit. The present invention also relates to the use of a device as previously described.[FR] L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure de la dose délivrée à travers un film radiosensible sous exposition à des rayonnements ionisants, un système comprenant un tel dispositif et l'utilisation d'un tel dispositif. Plus particulièrement, le dispositif comprend un film réfléchissant ; au moins une source de lumière ; un film radiosensible ; et un système de capteur optique comprenant un réseau bidimensionnel d'une ou de plusieurs unités de photorésistance et/ou d'unités de semi-conducteur. La présente invention concerne également un système comprenant le dispositif décrit précédemment ; une unité de circuit intégré de lecture connectée au système de capteur optique du dispositif ; et une unité de traitement connectée au circuit intégré de lecture. La présente invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un dispositif tel que décrit précédemment.NoCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Paris-Saclay, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of SevilleA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Dispositif de mesure de la dose délivrée à travers un film radiosensible sous exposition à des radiations ionisantes

The invention relates to a device (10) for measuring the dose delivered through a radiosensitive film (13) under exposure to ionizing radiations, to a system (20) comprising such device (10) and to the use of such device (10). More particularly, the device (10) comprises a reflection film (11); at least one light source (12); a radiosensitive film (13); and an optical sensor system (14) comprising a 2-D array of one or more photoresistor units and/or semiconductor units. The present invention also relates to a system (20) comprising the device (10) previously described; a readout integrated circuit unit (22) connected to the optical sensor system (14) of the device (10); and a processing unit (24) connected to the readout integrated circuit (22). The present invention also relates to the use of a device (10) as previously described.NoCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Paris-Saclay, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of SevilleA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Cost-Effective Smartphone-Based Reconfigurable Electrochemical Instrument for Alcohol Determination in Whole Blood Samples

Peer reviewe

Dosimetry with gafchromic films based on a new micro-opto-electro-mechanical system

This work presents the first tests performed with radiochromic films and a new Micro‒Opto‒Electro-Mechanical system (MOEMS) for in situ dosimetry evaluation in radiotherapy in real time. We present a new device and methodology that overcomes the traditional limitation of time-delay in radiochromic film analysis by turning a passive detector into an active sensor. The proposed system consists mainly of an optical sensor based on light emitting diodes and photodetectors controlled by both customized electronic circuit and graphical user interface, which enables optical measurements directly. We show the first trials performed in a low‒energy proton cyclotron with this MOEMS by using gafchromic EBT3 films. Results show the feasibility of using this system for in situ dose evaluations. Further adaptation is ongoing to develop a full real‒time active detector by integrating MOEM multi‒arrays and films in flexible printed circuits. Hence, we point to improve the clinical application of radiochromic films with the aim to optimize radiotherapy treatment verifications