7 research outputs found
Fondaparinux in the initial and long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism
- Author
- Adarraga M. D.
- Alatri A.
- Alvarado A. V.
- Amitrano M.
- Amitrano Maria
- Apollonio A.
- Arcelus J. I.
- Babalis D.
- Barba R.
- Barillari G.
- Barr\uf3n Andr\ue9s B.
- Barr\uf3n M.
- Bascu\uf1ana J.
- Ben\uedtez J. F.
- Bertoletti L.
- Blanco Molina A.
- Bosevski M.
- Bounameaux H.
- Braester A.
- Brenner B.
- Bura Riviere A.
- Calanca L.
- Cannavaccioulo F.
- Casado I.
- Chaves E. L.
- Ciammaichella M.
- Conget F.
- De Ancos C.
- Del Molino F.
- Del Toro J.
- Dentali F.
- Di Micco P.
- Di Micco Pierpaolo
- Enea I.
- Falg\ue1 C.
- Falg\ue1 Conxita
- Farf\ue1n A. I.
- Farge Bancel D.
- Fern\ue1ndez Capit\ue1n C.
- Font L.
- G\uf3mez V.
- Gallego P.
- Garc\ueda Bragado F.
- Garc\ueda Bragado Fernando
- Gonz\ue1lez Marcano D.
- Gonz\ue1lez J.
- Grau E.
- Guida A.
- Guijarro R.
- Guti\ue9rrez J.
- Hern\ue1ndez Huerta S.
- Hern\ue1ndez L.
- Hij A.
- Hirmerova J.
- Jara Palomares L.
- Jaras M. J.
- Jim\ue9nez D.
- L\uf3pez Jim\ue9nez L.
- L\uf3pez Jim\ue9nez Luciano
- L\uf3pez Montes L.
- L\uf3pez Reyes R.
- L\uf3pez S\ue1ez J. B.
- Lecumberri R.
- Lobo J. L.
- Lorente M. A.
- Lorenzo A.
- Luque J. M.
- Madridano O.
- Mahe I.
- Maida R.
- Mal\ufd R.
- Malfante P.
- Mangiacapra Sara
- Marchena P. J.
- Mart\uedn Antor\ue1n J. M.
- Mat\uedas V.
- Mazzolai L.
- Mellado M.
- Merah A.
- Mesquita P.
- Monreal M.
- Monreal Manuel
- Morales M. V.
- Moustafa F.
- N\ufa\uf1ez M. J.
- Nauffal D.
- Nieto J. A.
- Otero R.
- Pace F.
- Pag\ue1n B.
- Papadakis M.
- Pasca S.
- Pedrajas J. M.
- Peerlinck K.
- Peris M. L.
- Pesavento R.
- Pesavento Raffaele
- Piovella C.
- Piovella Chiara
- Pons I.
- Porras J. A.
- Prandoni P.
- Prandoni Paolo
- Puerta P.
- Quere I.
- Ribeiro De Almeida J. L.
- Riera Mestre A.
- Rivas A.
- Rodr\uedguez D\ue1vila M. A.
- Rom\ue1n P.
- Rosa V.
- Rota L.
- Ruiz Gim\ue9nez N.
- Ruiz J.
- S\ue1nchez R.
- Salgado E.
- Samperiz A.
- Schellong S.
- Serrano J. C.
- Soler S.
- Soto M. J.
- Sousa M. S.
- Suri\uf1ach J. M.
- Tiberio G.
- Tilvan R. M.
- Tirado R.
- Tiraferri E.
- Trujillo Santos J.
- Trujillo Santos Javier
- Tufano A.
- Tzinieris I.
- Tzoran I.
- Uresandi F.
- Valero B.
- Valle R.
- Vela J.
- Verhamme P.
- Villalobos A.
- Vison\ue0 A.
- Vivero F.
- Wells P.
- Zdraveska M.
- Zeltser D.
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2015
- Field of study
BACKGROUND:
Even in the absence of evidence on its long-term efficacy and safety, a number of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) receive long-term therapy with fondaparinux alone in everyday practice.
METHODS:
We used the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad Tromboemb\uf3lica (RIETE) registry to compare the rate of VTE recurrences and major bleeding at 10 and 90 days in patients with and without cancer. For long-term therapy, fondaparinux was compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients without cancer and with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in those with cancer.
RESULTS:
Of 47,378 patients recruited, 46,513 were initially treated with heparin, 865 with fondaparinux. Then, 263 patients (78 with cancer) were treated for at least 3 months with fondaparinux. After propensity-score matching, there were no differences between patients receiving initial therapy with heparin or fondaparinux. Among patients with cancer, there were no differences between fondaparinux and LMWH. Among patients without cancer, the long-term use of fondaparinux was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding (3.24 % vs. 0.95 %, p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
An unexpected high rate of major bleeding was observed in non-cancer patients treated with long-term fondaparinux. Our small sample does not allow to derive relevant conclusions on the use of fondaparinux in cancer patients
The management of acute venous thromboembolism in clinical practice - study rationale and protocol of the European PREFER in VTE Registry
- Author
- \uc1lvarez Iria Villaverde
- \uc1lvarez Julio S\ue1nchez
- Abbadie Fabrice
- Achkar Antoine
- Ackroyd Sam
- Adamczyk Annette
- Addala Azeddine
- Adnet Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Agarwal Gaurav
- Ageno Walter
- Agnelli Giancarlo
- Ahmad Wail Al
- Al-Refaie Faris
- Alc\ue1ntara Inma Ca\uf1as
- Alexandra Jean-Fran\ue7ois
- Alikhan Raza
- Allameddine Allameddine
- Altarriba Emilia Sol\ue9
- Amitrano Maria
- Amore Maurizio
- Angelini Ermanno
- Antignani Pier Luigi
- Aquilanti Sandro
- Arden Christopher
- Arone Andrea
- Arxe Arola Armengou
- Asaro Giovanni
- Attanzio Maria Teresa
- Attinasi Valerio
- Austin Antony
- Axthelm Christoph
- Bakhai Ameet
- Balbarini Alberto
- Banfi Elena
- Banyai Martin
- Barcellona Doris
- Barillari Giovanni
- Bartolini Claudia
- Barton Thomas
- Bartone Mos\ue8
- Bataler Ram\uf3n Ferri
- Bauersachs Rupert
- Belhassane Abdelkader
- Bellanuova Ignazio
- Bellisi Mario
- Bellizzi Annamaria
- Beltr\ue1n Eva Maria Rodr\uedguez
- Benaroya Anne
- Bergmann Klaus
- Berremili Toufek
- Beschorner Ulrich
- Bianchi Marina
- Bianchini Giuseppe
- Binias Karl-Heinz
- Birr Virginie
- Blanch Jaume Villalta
- Blanco-Molina Maria \uc1ngeles
- Blazquez Roc\uedo Aranda
- Boari Benedetta
- Body Richard
- Bonnin Christophe
- Boral Mehmet
- Bortoluzzi Cristiano
- Bosch Manuel Monreal
- Bosler Frederic
- Bratsch Hermann
- Brauer Gunter
- Bregel Juan Luis Delgado
- Brisot Dominique
- Brodmann Marianne
- Brousse Christophe
- Brucoli Caterina
- Burghard Sebastian
- Caballero Pedro Parra
- Calandra Giuseppe
- Camporese Giuseppe
- Canafoglia Lucia
- Cancellieri Emilia
- Cannavacciuolo Francesca
- Cansino Maria Dolores Adarraga
- Caprioli Monica
- Caralt Jos\ue9 Maria Suri\uf1ach
- Carlizza Anita
- Carnovali Marino
- Carugati Anna
- Casarsa Chiara
- Castellanos Genoveva Teresa L\uf3pez
- Castellote Marc Cairols
- Castro David Jim\ue9nez
- Castro Fernando Cereto
- Catalini Roberto
- Cavazza Stefania
- Cayman Richard
- Cazaubon Mich\ue8le
- Cenci Caterina
- Ceresa Fabrizio
- Chacko Joseph
- Champion Olivier
- Chandra Deepak
- Chanut Myriam
- Charters Freda
- Chevalet Pascal
- Church Alistair
- Ciampa Antonio
- Ciarambino Tiziana
- Cillari Enrico
- Clemente Michele
- Clements John
- Clifford Piers
- Cobo Olga Madridano
- Cohen Alexander T
- Connault Jerome
- Constans Joel
- Conti Franco
- Cordeanu Mihaela
- Cosmi Benilde
- Couturaud Francis
- Cox Dominic
- Crouch Matthew
- Crowther Mark
- D'Alessandro Aldo
- D'Angelo Armando
- D'Antoni Sebastiano
- D'Avino Maria
- D\uedaz Pedro Bedate
- Dalmau Fernando Garc\ueda-Bragado
- Davies Emyr
- Davies Mark
- de Ancos Aracil Cristina
- de Antonio Esther Usandizaga
- De Bartolomeo Giuseppe
- De Campora Paolo
- de Daborenea Gonz\ue1lez Maria Dolores
- De Dedker Laure
- De Franciscis Stefano
- De Gaudenzi Egidio
- de la Fuente Aguado Javier
- de la Fuente Elena Cisneros
- De La Fuente Tarodo
- de las Revillas Francisco Arnaiz
- De Santis Fernando
- de Saracho Juan Ortiz
- de Sedas Mercedes Vaquero
- De Tommaso Italo
- Decoulx Eric
- del Campo Isaac Pons Mart\uedn
- del Carmen Fern\ue1ndez-Capit\ue1n Maria
- del Toro Cervera Jorge
- Delpin Stefano
- Demann Christiane
- Demmig Anita
- Derrien Benoit
- Di Francesco Letizia
- Di Maggio Rosario
- Di Micco Pierpaolo
- Di Michele Dario
- Di Minno Giovanni
- Di Nisio Marcello
- Di Salvo Michelangelo
- Diamand Jean-Marc
- Diard Antoine
- Dimitri Sameh
- Donadio Francesca
- Douadi Youssef
- Drebes Anja
- Dupas Stephane
- Durand Marie-Gabrielle Bresin
- Durant Cecile
- Eberlein Ulrich
- Edhery St\ue9phane
- Eischer Lisbeth
- Enea Iolanda
- Enger Frank
- Eschenburg Jens
- Espinosa Luis Manzano
- Ewad Hayder
- Exp\uf3sito Marina Carrasco
- Fabbian Fabio
- Falanga Anna
- Falvo Nicolas
- Felis Salvatore
- Fern\ue1ndez Cristina Amado
- Fern\ue1ndez Florentino D\uedez
- Fern\ue1ndez Manuel J. N\ufa\uf1ez
- Ferrari Emile
- Fiore Valerio
- Flores Aurora Moreno
- Fontanella Andrea
- Forgia Saverio La
- Forkmann Lutz
- Franco Elio
- Frank J\ufcrgen
- Frank Ulrich
- Franklin Simon
- Frausini Gabriele
- Freischmidt Holger
- Friederike Girke
- Fritsche Ilona
- Fronk Eva-Maria
- Fuentes Demetrio S\ue1nchez
- Fuorlo Mariella
- Gaillard Catherine
- Gallego Alberto Rivera
- Gallerani Massimo
- Gamberini Susanna
- Garc\ueda Jos\ue9 Mar\ueda Garc\ueda
- Garc\ueda Mar\ueda Guil
- Garcia Maria Angelina
- Garrigues Damien
- Gassauer Martin
- George Jacob
- Gerofke Hagen
- Ghirarduzzi Angelo
- Ghizzi Mauro
- Gian Reto J\uf6rg Null
- Gianniello Francesca
- Gibbs Christopher
- Gillet Jean Luc
- Giordana Pascal
- Gitt Anselm K.
- Giudice Giorgio
- Goebels Mark-Claudius
- Goh Teik
- Gonz\ue1lez Lucia Gonz\ue1lez
- Gr\ufcn-Himmelmann Katharina
- Grange Claire
- Grare Fr\ue9d\ue9rick
- Grenot Marie Chevallier
- Guarnera Giorgio
- Guercini Francesco
- Guggenbichler Stephan
- Gupta Sunil
- Gutierrez Juan Alonso
- H\ue4rtel Dirk
- H\ufctte Guntram
- Hartmann Karsten
- Heilberger Peter
- Heinsius Andreas
- Held Michael
- Henni Amine Hadj
- Herman Georg
- Hern\ue1ndez Alicia Lorenzo
- Herold J\uf6rg
- Hertrich Frank
- Heuser Simone
- Hidden-Henic Val\ue9rie
- Hirschl Michael
- Holmes Jon
- Holtea Daniela
- Hommel Henrike
- Hottin Delphine
- Iglesias Alfonso Fern\ue1ndez
- Imbert Bernard
- Imberti Davide
- Iosub Diana Irina
- Iozzi Ercole
- Irvine Nicola
- Jackson-Voyzey Ewart
- Jacquinandi Vincent
- Jakob Daniel
- Jaras Mar\ueda Jes\ufas
- Jeanneret Christina
- Jim\ue9nez Luciano L\uf3pez
- Jones Nick
- Jungandreas Katja
- Jurus Christine
- K\uf6hler Christina
- K\uf6ln Eduardus Krankenhaus
- K\uf6rner Ines
- Kalka Christoph
- Kallat Arun
- Karcher Jan
- Karl-Wollweber Susanne
- Keilhau Dag-Alexander
- Kerr Patrick
- Kesteven Patrick
- Kittel Kerstin
- Knittel Matthias
- Knolinski Tanja
- Kopplin Ute
- Kr\uf6ger Knut
- Kroschel Ulf
- Kubicek-Hofmann Cornelia
- L\ue1zaro Alejandra Roncero
- L\uf3pez Elena Hernando
- L\uf3pez Gregorio Tiberio
- L\uf3pez-S\ue1ez Juan-Bosco
- L\ufcbbert Gerhard
- Lacoste Amelie
- Lacut Karine
- Laeis Petra
- Landolfi Raffaele
- Laroche Jean-Pierre
- Lecumberri Ram\uf3n
- Lench Tristan
- Leschke Matthias
- Lester William
- Lewis Martin
- Loaiza Andr\ue9s Quezada
- Lodigiani Corrado
- Loizaga Amaia Garc\ueda
- Lowe Gillian
- Luj\ue1n Jos\ue9 Maria Mora
- Lutz Arno
- Madridejos Rafael Jim\ue9nez-Rodr\uedguez
- Mancuso Gerardo
- Manfredini Roberto
- Marconi Letizia
- Marcucci Rossella
- Marencke Geert-H.
- Margheriti Riccardo
- Marongiu Silvia
- Marra Alfonso
- Marrocco Fausto
- Marschang Peter
- Mart\uedn del Pozo Mar
- Mart\uednez Nicol\ue1s
- Martin Myriam
- Martinelli Ida
- Mas Amparo Carrasco
- Masotti Luca
- Mazollier Cyrille
- Mccormack Terry
- Mccoye Andrew
- Mcgrane Frances
- Mearelli Filippo
- Mearns Ben
- Melibovsky Leonardo
- Mersel Tahar
- Mestre Antoni Riera
- Mijares N\ufaria Calvo
- Milesi Viola
- Miranda Raimundo Tirado
- Miserey Gilles
- Mismetti Patrick
- Mommi Valeria
- Monreal Manuel
- Montagna Elisabetta Sara
- Moral Pedro Moral
- Moriarty Andrew
- Morretti Tiziana
- Morris Wendy
- Mortensen Kai
- Mos Lucio
- Moysidis Theodoros
- Mu\uf1oz-Torrero Juan Francisco S\ue1nchez
- Mugno Francesco
- Myers Bethan
- Narayanan Mekkali
- Navas Jos\ue9 Mar\ueda Pedrajas
- Nedey Charles
- Nelles Heike
- Nestler Kay
- Neumeister Axel
- Nitti Cinzia
- Nou Monica
- Oettler Wolfram
- Olivieri Oliviero
- Onesta Maicol
- Oo New
- Orlandini Francesco
- Ott Ilka
- Otto Annegret
- Ouvry Pierre
- P\ue9rez Jos\ue9 Luis Beato
- Padierna Meritxell Llu\ueds
- Pagliara Valeria
- Paiella Laura
- Pala Marco
- Palasciano Giuseppe
- Palla Antonio
- Palomares Luis Jara
- Paoletti Oriana
- Paolucci Giancarlo
- Parisi Roberto
- Parra Jos\ue9 Antonio Todol\ued
- Pasca Samantha
- Pasin Mauro
- Pasligh Martin
- Patan\ue8 Francesco
- Pennacchioni Milena
- Pepe Carlo
- Pernod Gilles
- Pertermann Astrid
- Perticone Francesco
- Peuch Bernadette
- Pfister Rahel
- Piccinni Giovanni Carlo
- Pichot Olivier
- Pierri Francesca
- Pindur Lukas
- Pinto Antonio
- Piovella Franco
- Pivetti Giulia
- Pizarro Yolanda Romero
- Pizzini Attilia Maria
- Placentino Marisa
- Poli Daniela
- Porras Jos\ue9 Ram\uf3n Gonz\ue1lez
- Porreca Ettore
- Poulain Veyre
- Pourhassan Siamak
- Predel Diethard
- Prisco Domenico
- Pudollek Thomas
- Quere Isabelle
- Quincoces Aitor Ballaz
- Quintavalla Roberto
- Ramthor Mathias
- Rancan Elena
- Ray Patrick
- Reed Matthew
- Regina Micaela La
- Reimer Dietrich
- Remond Santhi Samy Modeliar
- Rennebaum Carsten
- Reppel Michael
- Ria Luigi
- Richter Cornelia
- Rief Peter
- Rieker Eberhad
- Rifai Abed
- Rodr\uedguez Francisco Jos\ue9 Mu\uf1oz
- Rodr\uedguez Jos\ue9 Antonio Nieto
- Rodrigo Eduardo Arellano
- Rose Peter
- Rossetto Valeria
- Rothenb\ufccher Gabriele
- Rothhagen Brigitte
- Rovinelli Marina
- Roy Pierre-Marie
- Rubino Pasquale
- Rudolff Simone
- Ruiz Justo Ruiz
- Rupoli Serena
- Rus Gloria P\ue9rez
- Russo Vitantonio
- S\ue1nchez Jos\ue9 Portillo
- Saby Jean-Claude
- Saccullo Giorgia
- Sada Simona
- Saiz Carmen Mainez
- Saja Khalid
- Sala Gianpaolo
- Salmi Raffaella
- Salvi Aldo
- Samaden Anna
- Sangiuolo Raffaele
- Santini Claudia
- Sanz Rafael Castrodeza
- Sch\ue4fer Andreas
- Sch\uf6n Norbert
- Schafnitzl Wolfgang
- Schellong Sebastian
- Schenone Alessandro
- Schiller Martin
- Schilling Vanessa Rold\ue1n
- Schlosser Alexander
- Schmeink Thomas
- Schmidt Jeannot
- Schnabl Saskia
- Schneider Henrik
- Schnupp Steffen
- Schulze Matthias
- Sciacqua Angela
- Secades Rafael Monte
- Sechtem Udo
- Sedl Sabine
- Seijo Dolores Joya
- Serra Raffaele
- Severino Salvatore
- Sevestre Marie-Antoinette
- Sibajas Estefan\ueda Oncala
- Silvestri Elena
- Silvestris Franco
- Simon Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Simonot-Lalandec Eliane
- Siniscalchi Valeria
- Siragusa Sergio
- Sivakumaran Muttuswamy
- Sohal Mamta
- Sollazzo Vito
- Solomons Gary
- Sonnenschein Kristina
- Sorvillo Sabrina
- St\ufccker Markus
- Stachowitz J\uf6rg
- Staub Daniel
- Stephan Dominique
- Stoshikj Slagjana
- Strafino Cosimo
- Sultanzadeh Sayed J.
- Talerico Agostino
- Taralunga Claudia Farcas
- Teresa Elias Hern\ue1ndez Null
- Testa Sophie
- Thachil Jecko
- Thieme Marcus
- Tiefenbacher Christiane
- Tissot Anne
- Tonello Chiara
- Tosi Federica
- Tropeano Pietro
- Tsantilas Dimitrios
- Tufano Antonella
- Vallarelli Simona
- Vascolare Medicina
- Venton Tamsin
- Verdecchia Paolo
- Veropalumbo Maria Rosaria
- Vetrano Alfredo
- Vieth Petra
- Vigan\uf2 Silvana
- Villalta Sabina
- Vincentelli Giovanni Maria
- Violo Caterina
- Vital-Durand Denis
- Vodoungnon Hubert
- Voigts Birgit
- vom Dahl J\ufcrgen
- von Bilderling Peter
- von Maltik Thordis
- Wakeling John
- Walby Ceri
- Waldron Michael
- Watt Simon
- Weber Heinz
- Weinmann Serge
- Weinrich Katrin
- Werner Nicolas
- Werno Harriet Simone
- Werth Sebastian
- Weyer Marc
- Willcock William
- Willich Stefan N.
- Wirtz Peter
- Wittig Ina
- Wittig Kathrin
- Wolf Wolf-Peter
- Wucherpfennig Petra
- Yglesias Pablo Javier Marchena
- Zafar Azhar
- Zanatta Nello
- Zierock Petra
- Zingaretti Oriana
- Zorzi Francesco
- zur Nieden Tim
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2015
- Field of study
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health problem, with over one million events every year in Europe. However, there is a paucity of data on the current management in real life, including factors influencing treatment pathways, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), and utilization of health care resources and the corresponding costs. The PREFER in VTE registry has been designed to address this and to understand medical care and needs as well as potential gaps for improvement. Methods/design: The PREFER in VTE registry was a prospective, observational, multicenter study conducted in seven European countries including Austria, France Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK to assess the characteristics and the management of patients with VTE, the use of health care resources, and to provide data to estimate the costs for 12 months treatment following a first-time and/or recurrent VTE diagnosed in hospitals or specialized or primary care centers. In addition, existing anticoagulant treatment patterns, patient pathways, clinical outcomes, treatment satisfaction, and health related QoL were documented. The centers were chosen to reflect the care environment in which patients with VTE are managed in each of the participating countries. Patients were eligible to be enrolled into the registry if they were at least 18 years old, had a symptomatic, objectively confirmed first time or recurrent acute VTE defined as either distal or proximal deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or both. After the baseline visit at the time of the acute VTE event, further follow-up documentations occurred at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Follow-up data was collected by either routinely scheduled visits or by telephone calls. Results: Overall, 381 centers participated, which enrolled 3,545 patients during an observational period of 1 year. Conclusion: The PREFER in VTE registry will provide valuable insights into the characteristics of patients with VTE and their acute and mid-term management, as well as into drug utilization and the use of health care resources in acute first-time and/or recurrent VTE across Europe in clinical practice. Trial registration: Registered in DRKS register, ID number: DRKS0000479
Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
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- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
No abstract available
Guidelines for the Use and Interpretation of Assays for Monitoring Autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla FC
- Abeliovich H
- Abraham RT
- Acevedo-Arozena A
- Adeli K
- Agholme L
- Agnello M
- Agostinis P
- Aguirre-Ghiso JA
- Ahn HJ
- Ait-Mohamed O
- Ait-Si-Ali S
- Akematsu T
- Akira S
- Al-Younes HM
- Al-Zeer MA
- Albert ML
- Albin RL
- Alegre-Abarrategui J
- Aleo MF
- Alirezaei M
- Almasan A
- Almonte-Becerril M
- Amano A
- Amaravadi R
- Amarnath S
- Amer AO
- Anantharam V
- Andrieu-Abadie N
- Ann DK
- Anoopkumar-Dukie S
- Aoki H
- Apostolova N
- Arancia G
- Aris JP
- Asanuma K
- Asare NY
- Ashida H
- Askanas V
- Askew DS
- Auberger P
- B\ue1nhegyi G
- B\ue9chet DM
- Baba M
- Backues SK
- Baehrecke EH
- Bahr BA
- Bai XY
- Bailly Y
- Baiocchi R
- Baldini G
- Balduini W
- Ballabio A
- Bamber BA
- Bampton ET
- Bartholomew CR
- Bassham DC
- Bast RC Jr
- Batoko H
- Bay BH
- Beau I
- Begley TJ
- Behl C
- Behrends C
- Bekri S
- Bellaire B
- Bendall LJ
- Benetti L
- Berliocchi L
- Bernardi H
- Bernassola F
- Besteiro S
- Bhatia-Kissova I
- Bi X
- Biard-Piechaczyk M
- Blum JS
- Boise LH
- Bonaldo P
- Boone DL
- Bornhauser BC
- Bortoluci KR
- Bossis I
- Bost F
- Bourquin JP
- Boya P
- Boyer-Guittaut M
- Bozhkov PV
- Brady NR
- Brancolini C
- Brech A
- Brenman JE
- Brennand A
- Bresnick EH
- Brest P
- Bridges D
- Bristol ML
- Brookes PS
- Brown EJ
- Brumell JH
- Brunetti-Pierri N
- Brunk UT
- Bulman DE
- Bultman SJ
- Bultynck G
- Burbulla LF
- Bursch W
- Butchar JP
- Buzgariu W
- Bydlowski SP
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- Cai D
- Cai J
- Cai Q
- Calabretta B
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- Candi E
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- Cheung ZH
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- Chiarelli R
- Chiba T
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- Chiou SH
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- Choi AM
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- Choi ME
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- Choubey D
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- Chu CT
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- McLaughlin B
- McLean PJ
- McMaster CR
- McQuibban GA
- Meijer AJ
- Meisler MH
- Mel\ue9ndez A
- Melia TJ
- Melino G
- Mena MA
- Menendez JA
- Menna-Barreto RF
- Menon MB
- Menzies FM
- Mercer CA
- Merighi A
- Merry DE
- Meschini S
- Meyer CG
- Meyer TF
- Miao CY
- Miao JY
- Michels PA
- Michiels C
- Mijaljica D
- Milojkovic A
- Minucci S
- Miracco C
- Miranti CK
- Mitroulis I
- Miyazawa K
- Mizushima N
- Mograbi B
- Mohseni S
- Molero X
- Mollereau B
- Mollinedo F
- Momoi T
- Monastyrska I
- Monick MM
- Monteiro MJ
- Moore MN
- Mora R
- Moreau K
- Moreira PI
- Moriyasu Y
- Moscat J
- Mostowy S
- Mottram JC
- Motyl T
- Moussa CE
- Muller S
- Murphy LO
- Murphy ME
- Musar\uf2 A
- Mysorekar I
- N\ufcrnberger T
- Nagata E
- Nagata K
- Nahimana A
- Nair U
- Nakagawa T
- Nakahira K
- Nakano H
- Nakatogawa H
- Nanjundan M
- Naqvi NI
- Narendra DP
- Narita M
- Navarro M
- Nawrocki ST
- Nazarko TY
- Nemchenko A
- Netea MG
- Neufeld TP
- Ney PA
- Nezis IP
- Nguyen HP
- Nie D
- Nishino I
- Nislow C
- Nixon RA
- Noda T
- Noegel AA
- Nogalska A
- Noguchi S
- Notterpek L
- Novak I
- Nozaki T
- Nukina N
- Nyfeler B
- Obara K
- Oberley TD
- Oddo S
- Ogawa M
- Ohashi T
- Okamoto K
- Oleinick NL
- Oliver FJ
- Olsen LJ
- Olsson S
- Opota O
- Osborne TF
- Ostrander GK
- Otsu K
- Ou JH
- Ouimet M
- Overholtzer M
- Ozpolat B
- P\uf6ggeler S
- Paganetti P
- Pagnini U
- Pallet N
- Palmer GE
- Palumbo C
- Pan T
- Panaretakis T
- Pandey UB
- Papackova Z
- Papassideri I
- Paris I
- Park J
- Park OK
- Parys JB
- Parzych KR
- Patschan S
- Patterson C
- Pattingre S
- Pawelek JM
- Peng J
- Perlmutter DH
- Perrotta I
- Perry G
- Pervaiz S
- Peter M
- Peters GJ
- Petersen M
- Petrovski G
- Phang JM
- Piacentini M
- Pierre P
- Pierrefite-Carle V
- Pierron G
- Pinkas-Kramarski R
- Piras A
- Piri N
- Platanias LC
- Po\ufcs C
- Poirot M
- Poletti A
- Pozuelo-Rubio M
- Pr\ue6torius-Ibba M
- Prasad A
- Prescott M
- Priault M
- Produit-Zengaffinen N
- Progulske-Fox A
- Proikas-Cezanne T
- Przedborski S
- Przyklenk K
- Puertollano R
- Puyal J
- Qian SB
- Qin L
- Qin ZH
- Quaggin SE
- R\ue9gnier-Vigouroux A
- Raben N
- Rabinowich H
- Rabkin SW
- Rahman I
- Rami A
- Ramm G
- Randall G
- Randow F
- Rao VA
- Rathmell JC
- Ravikumar B
- Ray SK
- Reed BH
- Reed JC
- Reggiori F
- Reichert AS
- Reiners JJ Jr
- Reiter RJ
- Ren J
- Revuelta JL
- Rhodes CJ
- Ritis K
- Rizzo E
- Robbins J
- Roberge M
- Roca H
- Roccheri MC
- Rocchi S
- Rodemann HP
- Rodr\uedguez de C\uf3rdoba S
- Rohrer B
- Roninson IB
- Rosen K
- Rost-Roszkowska MM
- Rouis M
- Rouschop KM
- Rovetta F
- Rubin BP
- Rubinsztein DC
- Ruckdeschel K
- Rucker EB 3rd
- Rudich A
- Rudolf E
- Ruiz-Opazo N
- Russo R
- Rusten TE
- Ryan KM
- Ryter SW
- S\ue1nchez-Alc\ue1zar JA
- S\ue1nchez-Prieto R
- Sabatini DM
- Sadoshima J
- Saha T
- Saitoh T
- Sakagami H
- Sakai Y
- Salekdeh GH
- Salomoni P
- Salvaterra PM
- Salvesen G
- Salvioli R
- Sanchez AM
- Sandri M
- Sankar U
- Sansanwal P
- Santambrogio L
- Saran S
- Sarkar S
- Sarwal M
- Sasakawa C
- Sasnauskiene A
- Sass M
- Sato K
- Sato M
- Sch\ue4tzl HM
- Sch\ufcller C
- Schapira AH
- Scharl M
- Scheper W
- Schiaffino S
- Schneider C
- Schneider ME
- Schneider-Stock R
- Schoenlein PV
- Schorderet DF
- Schwartz GK
- Scorrano L
- Sealy L
- Seglen PO
- Segura-Aguilar J
- Seiliez I
- Seleverstov O
- Sell C
- Seo JB
- Separovic D
- Setaluri V
- Setoguchi T
- Settembre C
- Shacka JJ
- Shanmugam M
- Shapiro IM
- Shaulian E
- Shaw RJ
- Shelhamer JH
- Shen HM
- Shen WC
- Sheng ZH
- Shi Y
- Shibuya K
- Shidoji Y
- Shieh JJ
- Shih CM
- Shimada Y
- Shimizu S
- Shintani T
- Shirihai OS
- Shore GC
- Sibirny AA
- Sidhu SB
- Sikorska B
- Silva-Zacarin E
- Silva-Zacarin EC
- Simmons A
- Simon AK
- Simon HU
- Simone C
- Simonsen A
- Sinclair DA
- Singh R
- Sinha D
- Sinicrope FA
- Sirko A
- Siu PM
- Sivridis E
- Skop V
- Skulachev VP
- Slack RS
- Smaili SS
- Smith DR
- Soengas MS
- Soldati T
- Song X
- Sood AK
- Soong TW
- Sotgia F
- Spector SA
- Spies CD
- Springer W
- Srinivasula SM
- Stefanis L
- Steffan JS
- Stendel R
- Stenmark H
- Stephanou A
- Stern ST
- Sternberg C
- Stork B
- Str\ue5lfors P
- Subauste CS
- Sui X
- Sulzer D
- Sun SY
- Sun J
- Sun ZJ
- Sung JJ
- Suzuki K
- Suzuki T
- Swanson MS
- Swanton C
- Sweeney ST
- Sy LK
- Szabadkai G
- T\uf6nges L
- Tabas I
- Taegtmeyer H
- Tafani M
- Tak\ue1cs-Vellai K
- Takano Y
- Takegawa K
- Takemura G
- Takeshita F
- Talbot NJ
- Tan KS
- Tanaka K
- Tanaka K
- Tang D
- Tang D
- Tanida I
- Tannous BA
- Tavernarakis N
- Taylor GA
- Taylor GS
- Taylor JP
- Terada LS
- Terman A
- Tettamanti G
- Thevissen K
- Thompson CB
- Thorburn A
- Thumm M
- Tian F
- Tian Y
- Tocchini-Valentini G
- Tolkovsky AM
- Tomino Y
- Tooze SA
- Tournier C
- Tower J
- Towns R
- Trajkovic V
- Travassos LH
- Tsai TF
- Tschan MP
- Tsubata T
- Tsung A
- Turk B
- Turner LS
- Tyagi SC
- Uchiyama Y
- Ueno T
- Umekawa M
- Umemiya-Shirafuji R
- Unni VK
- Vaccaro MI
- Valente EM
- Van den Berghe G
- van der Klei IJ
- van Doorn W
- van Dyk LF
- van Egmond M
- van Grunsven LA
- Vandenabeele P
- Vandenberghe WP
- Vanhorebeek I
- Vaquero EC
- Velasco G
- Vellai T
- Vicencio JM
- Vierstra RD
- Vila M
- Vindis C
- Viola G
- Viscomi MT
- Voitsekhovskaja OV
- von Haefen C
- Votruba M
- Wada K
- Wade-Martins R
- Walker CL
- Walsh CM
- Walter J
- Wan XB
- Wang ZC
- Wang A
- Wang C
- Wang D
- Wang F
- Wang F
- Wang G
- Wang H
- Wang HD
- Wang HG
- Wang J
- Wang K
- Wang M
- Wang RC
- Wang X
- Wang X
- Wang Y
- Wang YJ
- Wang Z
- Wang Z
- Wansink DG
- Ward DM
- Watada H
- Waters SL
- Webster P
- Wei L
- Weihl CC
- Weiss WA
- Welford SM
- Wen LP
- Whitehouse CA
- Whitton JL
- Whitworth AJ
- Wileman T
- Wiley JW
- Wilkinson S
- Willbold D
- Williams RL
- Williamson PR
- Wouters BG
- Wu C
- Wu DC
- Wu WK
- Wyttenbach A
- Xavier RJ
- Xi Z
- Xia P
- Xiao G
- Xie Z
- Xie Z
- Xu DZ
- Xu J
- Xu L
- Xu X
- Yamamoto A
- Yamamoto A
- Yamashina S
- Yamashita M
- Yan X
- Yanagida M
- Yang DS
- Yang E
- Yang JM
- Yang SY
- Yang W
- Yang WY
- Yang Z
- Yao MC
- Yao TP
- Yeganeh B
- Yen WL
- Yin JJ
- Yin XM
- Yoo OJ
- Yoon G
- Yoon SY
- Yorimitsu T
- Yoshikawa Y
- Yoshimori T
- Yoshimoto K
- You HJ
- Youle RJ
- Younes A
- Yu SW
- Yu L
- Yu L
- Yu WH
- Yuan ZM
- Yue Z
- Yun CH
- Yuzaki M
- Zabirnyk O
- Zacks D
- Zacksenhaus E
- Zaffaroni N
- Zakeri Z
- Zeh HJ 3rd
- Zeitlin SO
- Zhang HL
- Zhang H
- Zhang J
- Zhang JP
- Zhang L
- Zhang L
- Zhang MY
- Zhang XD
- Zhao M
- Zhao Y
- Zhao YF
- Zhao ZJ
- Zheng X
- Zhivotovsky B
- Zhong Q
- Zhou CZ
- Zhu C
- Zhu WG
- Zhu X
- Zhu XF
- Zhu Y
- Zoladek T
- Zong WX
- Zorzano A
- Zschocke J
- Zuckerbraun B.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.
- Author
- Abdalla Fc
- Abeliovich H
- Abraham Rt
- Acevedo-Arozena A
- Adeli K
- Agholme L
- Agnello M
- Agostinis P
- Aguirre-Ghiso Ja
- Ahn Hj
- Ait-Mohamed O
- Ait-Si-Ali S
- Akematsu T
- Akira S
- Al-Younes Hm
- Al-Zeer Ma
- Albert Ml
- Albin Rl
- Alegre-Abarrategui J
- Aleo Mf
- Alirezaei M
- Almasan A
- Almonte-Becerril M
- Amano A
- Amaravadi R
- Amarnath S
- Amer Ao
- Anantharam V
- Andrieu-Abadie N
- Ann Dk
- Anoopkumar-Dukie S
- Aoki H
- Apostolova N
- Arancia G
- Aris Jp
- Asanuma K
- Asare Ny
- Ashida H
- Askanas V
- Askew Ds
- Auberger P
- B\ue1nhegyi G
- B\ue9chet Dm
- Baba M
- Backues Sk
- Baehrecke Eh
- Bahr Ba
- Bai Xy
- Bailly Y
- Baiocchi R
- Baldini G
- Balduini W
- Ballabio A
- Bamber Ba
- Bampton Et
- Bartholomew Cr
- Bassham Dc
- Bast RC Jr
- Batoko H
- Bay Bh
- Beau I
- Begley Tj
- Behl C
- Behrends C
- Bekri S
- Bellaire B
- Bendall Lj
- Benetti L
- Berliocchi L
- Bernardi H
- Bernassola F
- Besteiro S
- Bhatia-Kissova I
- Bi X
- Biard-Piechaczyk M
- Blum Js
- Boise Lh
- Bonaldo P
- Boone Dl
- Bornhauser Bc
- Bortoluci Kr
- Bossis I
- Bost F
- Bourquin Jp
- Boya P
- Boyer-Guittaut M
- Bozhkov Pv
- Brady Nr
- Brancolini C
- Brech A
- Brenman Je
- Brennand A
- Bresnick Eh
- Brest P
- Bridges D
- Bristol Ml
- Brookes Ps
- Brown Ej
- Brumell Jh
- Brunetti-Pierri N
- Brunk Ut
- Bulman De
- Bultman Sj
- Bultynck G
- Burbulla Lf
- Bursch W
- Butchar Jp
- Buzgariu W
- Bydlowski Sp
- Cadwell K
- Cahov\ue1 M
- Cai D
- Cai J
- Cai Q
- Calabretta B
- Calvo-Garrido J
- Camougrand N
- Campanella M
- Campos-Salinas J
- Candi E
- Cao L
- Caplan Ab
- Carding Sr
- Cardoso Sm
- Carew Js
- Carlin Cr
- Carmignac V
- Carneiro La
- Carra S
- Caruso Ra
- Casari G
- Casas C
- Castino R
- Cebollero E
- Cecconi F
- Celli J
- Chaachouay H
- Chae Hj
- Chai Cy
- Chan Dc
- Chan Ey
- Chang Rc
- Che Cm
- Chen Cc
- Chen Gc
- Chen Gq
- Chen M
- Chen Q
- Chen Ss
- Chen W
- Chen X
- Chen X
- Chen X
- Chen Y
- Chen Y
- Chen Yg
- Chen Yj
- Chen Z
- Cheng A
- Cheng Ch
- Cheng Y
- Cheong H
- Cheong Jh
- Cherry S
- Chess-Williams R
- Cheung Zh
- Chevet E
- Chiang Hl
- Chiarelli R
- Chiba T
- Chin Ls
- Chiou Sh
- Chisari Fv
- Cho Ch
- Cho Dh
- Choi Am
- Choi D
- Choi Ks
- Choi Me
- Chouaib S
- Choubey D
- Choubey V
- Chu Ct
- Chuang Th
- Chueh Sh
- Chun T
- Chwae Yj
- Chye Ml
- Ciarcia R
- Ciriolo Mr
- Clague Mj
- Clark Rs
- Clarke Pg
- Clarke R
- Codogno P
- Coller Ha
- Colombo Mi
- Comincini S
- Condello M
- Condorelli F
- Cookson Mr
- Coombs Gh
- Coppens I
- Corbalan R
- Cossart P
- Costelli P
- Costes S
- Coto-Montes A
- Couve E
- Coxon Fp
- Cregg Jm
- Crespo Jl
- Cronj\ue9 Mj
- Cuervo Am
- Cullen Jj
- Czaja Mj
- D'Amelio M
- D\uedaz-Araya G
- D\uedaz-Laviada I
- Darfeuille-Michaud A
- Davids Lm
- Davies Fe
- De Felici M
- de Groot JF
- de Haan CA
- De Martino L
- De Milito A
- De Tata V
- Debnath J
- Degterev A
- Dehay B
- Delbridge Lm
- Demarchi F
- Deng Yz
- Dengjel J
- Dent P
- Denton D
- Deretic V
- Desai Sd
- Devenish Rj
- Di Gioacchino M
- Di Paolo G
- Di Pietro C
- Diaz-Meco Mt
- Diaz-Nido J
- Dikic I
- Dinesh-Kumar Sp
- Ding Wx
- Distelhorst Cw
- Diwan A
- Djavaheri-Mergny M
- Dokudovskaya S
- Dong Z
- Dorsey Fc
- Dosenko V
- Dowling Jj
- Doxsey S
- Dreux M
- Drew Me
- Duan Q
- Duchosal Ma
- Duff K
- Dugail I
- Durbeej M
- Duszenko M
- Edelstein Cl
- Edinger Al
- Egea G
- Eichinger L
- Eissa Nt
- Ekmekcioglu S
- El-Deiry Ws
- Elazar Z
- Elgendy M
- Ellerby Lm
- Eng Ke
- Engelbrecht Am
- Engelender S
- Erenpreisa J
- Escalante R
- Esclatine A
- Eskelinen El
- Espert L
- Espina V
- F\ue9s\ufcs L
- Fan H
- Fan J
- Fan Qw
- Fan Z
- Fang S
- Fang Y
- Fanto M
- Fanzani A
- Farkas T
- Farr\ue9 Jc
- Faure M
- Fechheimer M
- Feng Cg
- Feng J
- Feng Q
- Feng Y
- Feuer R
- Figueiredo-Pereira Me
- Fimia Gm
- Fingar Dc
- Finkbeiner S
- Finkel T
- Finley Kd
- Fiorito F
- Fisher Ea
- Fisher Pb
- Flajolet M
- Florez-McClure Ml
- Florio S
- Fon Ea
- Fornai F
- Fortunato F
- Fotedar R
- Fowler Dh
- Fox Hs
- Franco R
- Frankel Lb
- Fransen M
- Fuentes Jm
- Fueyo J
- Fujii J
- Fujisaki K
- Fujita E
- Fukuda M
- Furukawa Rh
- Gaestel M
- Gailly P
- Gajewska M
- Galliot B
- Galy V
- Ganesh S
- Ganetzky B
- Ganley Ig
- Gao Fb
- Gao Gf
- Gao J
- Garcia L
- Garcia-Manero G
- Garcia-Marcos M
- Garmyn M
- Gartel Al
- Gatti E
- Gautel M
- Gawriluk Tr
- Gegg Me
- Geng J
- Germain M
- Gestwicki Je
- Gewirtz Da
- Ghavami S
- Ghosh P
- Giammarioli Am
- Giatromanolaki An
- Gibson Sb
- Gilkerson Rw
- Ginger Ml
- Ginsberg Hn
- Golab J
- Goligorsky Ms
- Golstein P
- Gomez-Manzano C
- Goncu E
- Gongora C
- Gonz\ue1lez-Est\ue9vez C
- Gonz\ue1lez-Polo Ra
- Gonzalez Cd
- Gonzalez R
- Gonzalez-Rey E
- Gorbunov Nv
- Gorski S
- Goruppi S
- Gottlieb Ra
- Gozuacik D
- Granato Ge
- Grant Gd
- Green Kn
- Gregorc A
- Gros F
- Grose C
- Grunt Tw
- Gual P
- Guan Jl
- Guan Kl
- Guichard Sm
- Gukovskaya As
- Gukovsky I
- Gunst J
- Gustafsson Ab
- H\ue9bert Mj
- H\uf6hfeld J
- H\uf8yer-Hansen M
- Halayko Aj
- Hale An
- Halonen Sk
- Hamasaki M
- Han F
- Han T
- Hancock Mk
- Hansen M
- Harada H
- Harada M
- Hardt Se
- Harper Jw
- Harris Al
- Harris J
- Harris Sd
- Hashimoto M
- Haspel Ja
- Hayashi S
- Hazelhurst La
- He C
- He Yw
- Heidenreich Ka
- Helfrich Mh
- Helgason Gv
- Henske Ep
- Herman B
- Herman Pk
- Hetz C
- Hilfiker S
- Hill Ja
- Hocking Lj
- Hofman P
- Hofmann Tg
- Holyoake Tl
- Hong Mh
- Hood Da
- Hotamisligil Gs
- Houwerzijl Ej
- Hu B
- Hu Ca
- Hu Hm
- Hua Y
- Huang C
- Huang J
- Huang S
- Huang Wp
- Huber Tb
- Huh Wk
- Hung Th
- Hupp Tr
- Hur Gm
- Hurley Jb
- Hussain Sn
- Hussey Pj
- Hwang Jj
- Hwang S
- Ichihara A
- Ilkhanizadeh S
- Inoki K
- Into T
- Iovane V
- Iovanna Jl
- Ip Ny
- Isaka Y
- Ishida H
- Isidoro C
- Isobe K
- Iwasaki A
- Izquierdo M
- Izumi Y
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 M
- Jaakkola Pm
- Jackson Gr
- Jackson Wt
- Janji B
- Jendrach M
- Jeon Jh
- Jeung Eb
- Jiang H
- Jiang H
- Jiang Jx
- Jiang M
- Jiang Q
- Jiang X
- Jiang X
- Jim\ue9nez A
- Jin M
- Jin S
- Joe Co
- Johansen T
- Johnson De
- Johnson Gv
- Jones Nl
- Joseph B
- Joseph Sk
- Joubert Am
- Juh\ue1sz G
- Juillerat-Jeanneret L
- Jung Ch
- Jung Yk
- Kaarniranta K
- Kaasik A
- Kabuta T
- Kadowaki M
- Kagedal K
- Kamada Y
- Kaminskyy Vo
- Kampinga Hh
- Kanamori H
- Kang C
- Kang Kb
- Kang Ki
- Kang R
- Kang Ya
- Kanki T
- Kanneganti Td
- Kanno H
- Kanthasamy A
- Kanthasamy Ag
- Karantza V
- Kaushal Gp
- Kaushik S
- Kawazoe Y
- Ke Py
- Kehrl Jh
- Kelekar A
- Kerkhoff C
- Kessel Dh
- Khalil H
- Kiel Ja
- Kiger Aa
- Kihara A
- Kim Dh
- Kim Dh
- Kim Dr
- Kim Ek
- Kim Hr
- Kim Jc
- Kim Jh
- Kim Jk
- Kim Js
- Kim Pk
- Kim Sw
- Kim Y
- Kim Ys
- Kimchi A
- Kimmelman Ac
- King Js
- Kinsella Tj
- Kirkin V
- Kirshenbaum La
- Kitamoto K
- Kitazato K
- Klein L
- Klimecki Wt
- Klionsky Dj
- Klucken J
- Knecht E
- Ko Bc
- Koch Jc
- Koga H
- Koh Jy
- Koh Yh
- Koike M
- Komatsu M
- Kominami E
- Kong Hj
- Kong Wj
- Korolchuk Vi
- Kotake Y
- Koukourakis Mi
- Kouri Flores JB
- Kov\ue1cs Al
- Kr\ue4mer H
- Kr\ufcger R
- Kraft C
- Krainc D
- Kretz-Remy C
- Krichevsky Am
- Kroemer G
- Krut O
- Ktistakis Nt
- Kuan Cy
- Kucharczyk R
- Kumar A
- Kumar R
- Kumar S
- Kundu M
- Kung Hj
- Kurz T
- Kwon Hj
- L\u151w P
- L\ue1szl\uf3 L
- L\uf3pez-Ot\uedn C
- La Spada AR
- Lafont F
- Lamark T
- Landry J
- Lane Jd
- Lapaquette P
- Laporte Jf
- Lavandero S
- Lavoie Jn
- Layfield R
- Lazo Pa
- Le Cam L
- Le W
- Ledbetter Dj
- Lee Aj
- Lee Bw
- Lee Gm
- Lee J
- Lee Jh
- Lee M
- Lee Ms
- Lee Sh
- Leeuwenburgh C
- Legembre P
- Legouis R
- Lehmann M
- Lei Hy
- Lei Qy
- Leib Da
- Leiro J
- Lemasters Jj
- Lemoine A
- Lesniak Ms
- Lev D
- Levenson Vv
- Levine B
- Levy E
- Li F
- Li Jl
- Li L
- Li S
- Li W
- Li Xj
- Li Yb
- Li Yp
- Liang C
- Liang Q
- Liao Yf
- Liberski Pp
- Lieberman A
- Lim Hj
- Lim K
- Lim Kl
- Lin Cf
- Lin Fc
- Lin J
- Lin Jd
- Lin K
- Lin Wc
- Lin Ww
- Lin Yl
- Linden R
- Lingor P
- Lippincott-Schwartz J
- Lisanti Mp
- Liton Pb
- Liu B
- Liu Cf
- Liu K
- Liu L
- Liu Qa
- Liu W
- Liu Y
- Liu Yc
- Lockshin Ra
- Lok Cn
- Lonial S
- Loos B
- Lopez-Berestein G
- Lossi L
- Lotze Mt
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.
- Author
- Abdalla Fc
- Abeliovich H
- Abraham Rt
- Acevedo Arozena A
- Adeli K
- Agholme L
- Agnello M
- Agostinis P
- Aguirre Ghiso Ja
- Ahn Hj
- Ait Mohamed O
- Ait Si Ali S
- Akematsu T
- Akira S
- Al Younes Hm
- Al Zeer Ma
- Albert Ml
- Albin Rl
- Alegre Abarrategui J
- Aleo Mf
- Alirezaei M
- Almasan A
- Almonte Becerril M
- Amano A
- Amaravadi R
- Amarnath S
- Amer Ao
- Anantharam V
- Andrieu Abadie N
- Ann Dk
- Anoopkumar Dukie S
- Aoki H
- Apostolova N
- Arancia G
- Aris Jp
- Asanuma K
- Asare Ny
- Ashida H
- Askanas V
- Askew Ds
- Auberger P
- B\ue1nhegyi G
- B\ue9chet Dm
- Baba M
- Backues Sk
- Baehrecke Eh
- Bahr Ba
- Bai Xy
- Bailly Y
- Baiocchi R
- Baldini G
- Balduini W
- Ballabio A
- Bamber Ba
- Bampton Et
- Bartholomew Cr
- Bassham Dc
- Bast RC Jr
- Batoko H
- Bay Bh
- Beau I
- Begley Tj
- Behl C
- Behrends C
- Bekri S
- Bellaire B
- Bendall Lj
- Benetti L
- Berliocchi L
- Bernardi H
- Bernassola F
- Besteiro S
- Bhatia Kissova I
- Bi X
- Biard Piechaczyk M
- Blum Js
- Boise Lh
- Bonaldo P
- Boone Dl
- Bornhauser Bc
- Bortoluci Kr
- Bossis I
- Bost F
- Bourquin Jp
- Boya P
- Boyer Guittaut M
- Bozhkov Pv
- Brady Nr
- Brancolini C
- Brech A
- Brenman Je
- Brennand A
- Bresnick Eh
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- Bridges D
- Bristol Ml
- Brookes Ps
- Brown Ej
- Brumell Jh
- Brunetti Pierri N
- Brunk Ut
- Bulman De
- Bultman Sj
- Bultynck G
- Burbulla Lf
- Bursch W
- Butchar Jp
- Buzgariu W
- Bydlowski Sp
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- Campos Salinas J
- Candi E
- Cao L
- Caplan Ab
- Carding Sr
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- Carew Js
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- Carmignac V
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- Caruso Ra
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- Cecconi F
- Celli J
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- Chae Hj
- Chai Cy
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- Chang Rc
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- Chen Gc
- Chen Gq
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- Chen Q
- Chen Ss
- Chen W
- Chen X
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- Chen Y
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- Cheng A
- Cheng Ch
- Cheng Y
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- Cherry S
- Chess Williams R
- Cheung Zh
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- Chu Ct
- Chuang Th
- Chueh Sh
- Chun T
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- Ciriolo Mr
- Clague Mj
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- Condello M
- Condorelli F
- Cookson Mr
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- Coppens I
- Corbalan R
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- Costelli P
- Costes S
- Coto Montes A
- Couve E
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- Cregg Jm
- Crespo Jl
- Cronj\ue9 Mj
- Cuervo Am
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- Czaja Mj
- D'Amelio M
- D\uedaz Araya G
- D\uedaz Laviada I
- Darfeuille Michaud A
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- De Milito A
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- Distelhorst Cw
- Diwan A
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- Figueiredo Pereira Me
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- Golab J
- Goligorsky Ms
- Golstein P
- Gomez Manzano C
- Goncu E
- Gongora C
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez C
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Ra
- Gonzalez Rey E
- Gonzalez Cd
- Gonzalez R
- Gorbunov Nv
- Gorski S
- Goruppi S
- Gottlieb Ra
- Gozuacik D
- Granato Ge
- Grant Gd
- Green Kn
- Gregorc A
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- Gukovskaya As
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- H\uf8yer Hansen M
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- Herman B
- Herman Pk
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- Hofman P
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- Jung Yk
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- Kihara A
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- Musar\uf2 A
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- N\ufcrnberger T
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- Notterpek L
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- Ostrander Gk
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- Ou Jh
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- Overholtzer M
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- Palmer Ge
- Palumbo C
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- Pandey Ub
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- Park Ok
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- Pattingre S
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- Petersen M
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- Pierron G
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- Po\ufcs C
- Poirot M
- Poletti A
- Pozuelo Rubio M
- Pr\ue6torius Ibba M
- Prasad A
- Prescott M
- Priault M
- Produit Zengaffinen N
- Progulske Fox A
- Proikas Cezanne T
- Przedborski S
- Przyklenk K
- Puertollano R
- Puyal J
- Qian Sb
- Qin L
- Qin Zh
- Quaggin Se
- R\ue9gnier Vigouroux A
- Raben N
- Rabinowich H
- Rabkin Sw
- Rahman I
- Rami A
- Ramm G
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- Randow F
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- Rathmell Jc
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- Ritis K
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- Roberge M
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- Rocchi S
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- Rodr\uedguez de C\uf3rdoba S
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- Roninson Ib
- Rosen K
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- Rovetta F
- Rubin Bp
- Rubinsztein Dc
- Ruckdeschel K
- Rucker EB 3rd
- Rudich A
- Rudolf E
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- Rusten Te
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- S\ue1nchez Alc\ue1zar Ja
- S\ue1nchez Prieto R
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- Sadoshima J
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- Saitoh T
- Sakagami H
- Sakai Y
- Salekdeh Gh
- Salomoni P
- Salvaterra Pm
- Salvesen G
- Salvioli R
- Sanchez Am
- Sandri Marco
- Sankar U
- Sansanwal P
- Santambrogio L
- Saran S
- Sarkar S
- Sarwal M
- Sasakawa C
- Sasnauskiene A
- Sass M
- Sato K
- Sato M
- Sch\ue4tzl Hm
- Sch\ufcller C
- Schapira Ah
- Scharl M
- Scheper W
- Schiaffino S
- Schneider Stock R
- Schneider C
- Schneider Me
- Schoenlein Pv
- Schorderet Df
- Schwartz Gk
- Scorrano Luca
- Sealy L
- Seglen Po
- Segura Aguilar J
- Seiliez I
- Seleverstov O
- Sell C
- Seo Jb
- Separovic D
- Setaluri V
- Setoguchi T
- Settembre C
- Shacka Jj
- Shanmugam M
- Shapiro Im
- Shaulian E
- Shaw Rj
- Shelhamer Jh
- Shen Hm
- Shen Wc
- Sheng Zh
- Shi Y
- Shibuya K
- Shidoji Y
- Shieh Jj
- Shih Cm
- Shimada Y
- Shimizu S
- Shintani T
- Shirihai Os
- Shore Gc
- Sibirny Aa
- Sidhu Sb
- Sikorska B
- Silva Zacarin E
- Silva Zacarin Ec
- Simmons A
- Simon Ak
- Simon Hu
- Simone C
- Simonsen A
- Sinclair Da
- Singh R
- Sinha D
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- Sirko A
- Siu Pm
- Sivridis E
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- Skulachev Vp
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- Smaili Ss
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- Song X
- Sood Ak
- Soong Tw
- Sotgia F
- Spector Sa
- Spies Cd
- Springer W
- Srinivasula Sm
- Stefanis L
- Steffan Js
- Stendel R
- Stenmark H
- Stephanou A
- Stern St
- Sternberg C
- Stork B
- Str\ue5lfors P
- Subauste Cs
- Sui X
- Sulzer D
- Sun J
- Sun Sy
- Sun Zj
- Sung Jj
- Suzuki K
- Suzuki T
- Swanson Ms
- Swanton C
- Sweeney St
- Sy Lk
- Szabadkai Gyorgy
- T\uf6nges L
- Tabas I
- Taegtmeyer H
- Tafani M
- Tak\ue1cs Vellai K
- Takano Y
- Takegawa K
- Takemura G
- Takeshita F
- Talbot Nj
- Tan Ks
- Tanaka K
- Tanaka K
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- Tang D
- Tanida I
- Tannous Ba
- Tavernarakis N
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- Taylor Jp
- Terada Ls
- Terman A
- Tettamanti G
- Thevissen K
- Thompson Cb
- Thorburn A
- Thumm M
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- Tian Y
- Tocchini Valentini G
- Tolkovsky Am
- Tomino Y
- Tooze Sa
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- Tower J
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- Trajkovic V
- Travassos Lh
- Tsai Tf
- Tschan Mp
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- Tsung A
- Turk B
- Turner Ls
- Tyagi Sc
- Uchiyama Y
- Ueno T
- Umekawa M
- Umemiya Shirafuji R
- Unni Vk
- Vaccaro Mi
- Valente Em
- Van den Berghe G
- van der Klei Ij
- van Doorn W
- van Dyk Lf
- van Egmond M
- van Grunsven La
- Vandenabeele P
- Vandenberghe Wp
- Vanhorebeek I
- Vaquero Ec
- Velasco G
- Vellai T
- Vicencio Jm
- Vierstra Rd
- Vila M
- Vindis C
- Viola G
- Viscomi Mt
- Voitsekhovskaja Ov
- von Haefen C
- Votruba M
- Wada K
- Wade Martins R
- Walker Cl
- Walsh Cm
- Walter J
- Wan Xb
- Wang A
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- Wang D
- Wang F
- Wang F
- Wang G
- Wang H
- Wang Hd
- Wang Hg
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- Wang X
- Wang X
- Wang Y
- Wang Yj
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- Wang Z
- Wang Zc
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- Ward Dm
- Watada H
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- Willbold D
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- Xia P
- Xiao G
- Xie Z
- Xie Z
- Xu Dz
- Xu J
- Xu L
- Xu X
- Yamamoto A
- Yamamoto A
- Yamashina S
- Yamashita M
- Yan X
- Yanagida M
- Yang Ds
- Yang E
- Yang Jm
- Yang Sy
- Yang W
- Yang Wy
- Yang Z
- Yao Mc
- Yao Tp
- Yeganeh B
- Yen Wl
- Yin Jj
- Yin Xm
- Yoo Oj
- Yoon G
- Yoon Sy
- Yorimitsu T
- Yoshikawa Y
- Yoshimori T
- Yoshimoto K
- You Hj
- Youle Rj
- Younes A
- Yu L
- Yu L
- Yu Sw
- Yu Wh
- Yuan Zm
- Yue Z
- Yun Ch
- Yuzaki M
- Zabirnyk O
- Zacks D
- Zacksenhaus E
- Zaffaroni N
- Zakeri Z
- Zeh HJ 3rd
- Zeitlin So
- Zhang H
- Zhang Hl
- Zhang J
- Zhang Jp
- Zhang L
- Zhang L
- Zhang My
- Zhang Xd
- Zhao M
- Zhao Y
- Zhao Yf
- Zhao Zj
- Zheng X
- Zhivotovsky B
- Zhong Q
- Zhou Cz
- Zhu C
- Zhu Wg
- Zhu X
- Zhu Xf
- Zhu Y
- Zoladek T
- Zong Wx
- Zorzano A
- Zschocke J
- Zuckerbraun B.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
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- Hansen Malene
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- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
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- Haspel Jeffrey A
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- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
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- Hilfiker Sabine
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- Hua Ya
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- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
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- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
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- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
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- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
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- Kang Kwang Il
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- Kov\ue1cs Attila L
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- Kr\ufcger Rejko
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- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
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- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- L\u151w Peter
- L\ue1szl\uf3 Lajos
- L\uf3pez Ot\uedn Carlos
- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
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- Lavandero Sergio
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- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
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- Lei Huan Yao
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- Lev Dina
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- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue Jun
- Li Yan bo
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- Liang Qiangrong
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- Lieberman Andrew
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- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
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- Mizushima Noboru
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- Sun Jiaren
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- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Tak\ue1cs Vellai Krisztina
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
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- Tan Kevin S. W
- Tanaka Keiji
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- Tian Fengfeng
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- Yamamoto Akitsugu
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- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng Chao
- Yao Tso Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei Lien
- Yin Jia jing
- Yin Xiao Ming
- Yoo Ook Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
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- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
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- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming Yong
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- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
- Zhu Xiao Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke J\ufcrgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field