Characteristics of alpha projectile fragments emission in interaction of nuclei with emulsion

The properties of the relativistic alpha fragments produced in interactions of 84^Kr at around 1 A GeV in nuclear emulsion are investigated. The experimental results are compared with the similar results obtained from various projectiles with emulsion interactions at different energies. The total, partial nuclear cross-sections and production rates of alpha fragmentation channels in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and their dependence on the mass number and initial energy of the incident projectile nucleus are investigated. The yields of multiple alpha fragments emitted from the interactions of projectile nuclei with the nuclei of light, medium and heavy target groups of emulsion-detector are discussed and they indicate that the projectile-breakup mechanism seems to be free from the target mass number. It is found that the multiplicity distributions of alpha fragments are well described by the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling presentation. The mean multiplicities of the freshly produced newly created charged secondary particles, normally known as shower and secondary particles associated with target in the events where the emission of alpha fragments were accompanied by heavy projectile fragments having Z value larger than 4 seem to be constant as the alpha fragments multiplicity increases, and exhibit a behavior independent of the alpha fragments multiplicity.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables (in press

Clustering in light nuclei in fragmentation above 1 A GeV

The relativistic invariant approach is applied to analyzing the 3.3 A GeV $^{22}$Ne fragmentation in a nuclear track emulsion. New results on few-body dissociations have been obtained from the emulsion exposures to 2.1 A GeV $^{14}$N and 1.2 A GeV $^{9}$Be nuclei. It can be asserted that the use of the invariant approach is an effective means of obtaining conclusions about the behavior of systems involving a few He nuclei at a relative energy close to 1 MeV per nucleon. The first observations of fragmentation of 1.2 A GeV $^{8}$B and $^{9}$C nuclei in emulsion are described. The presented results allow one to justify the development of few-body aspects of nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics-2, 16-20 May, 2005 (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungar

Fast helium production in interactions of 3.7 A GeV

We have studied the properties of the relativistic helium fragments emitted from the projectile in the interactions of 24Mg ions accelerated at an energy of 3.7 A GeV with emulsion nuclei. The total, partial nuclear cross-sections and production rates of helium fragmentation channels in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and their dependence on the mass and energy of the incident projectile nucleus are investigated. The yields of multiple helium projectile fragments disrupted from the interactions of 24Mg projectile nuclei with hydrogen H, light CNO and heavy AgBr groups of target emulsion nuclei are discussed and they indicate that the breakup mechanism of the projectile seems to be independent of the target mass. Limiting fragmentation behavior of fast-moving helium fragments is observed in both the projectile and target nuclei. The multiplicity distributions of helium projectile fragments emitted in the interactions of 24Mg projectile nuclei with the different target nuclei of the emulsion are well described by the KNO scaling presentation. The mean multiplicities of the different charged secondary particles, normally defined shower, grey and black ( 〈n s〉, 〈n g〉 and 〈n b〉) emitted in the interactions of 3.7 A GeV 24Mg with the different groups of emulsion nuclei at different ranges of projectile fragments are decreasing when the number of He fragments stripped from projectile increases. These values of 〈n i〉 ( i = s, g, b and h particles) in the events where the emission of fast helium fragments were accompanied by heavy fragments having Z ⩾ 3 seem to be constant as the He multiplicity increases, and exhibit a behavior independent of the He multiplicity

رسالہ “قومی زبان”اور غالبیات: "THE MAGAZINE"QAUMI ZABAN" AND GALIBYAT"

Mirza Asadullal Ghalib (1797.1869) was the poet and writer in the urdu and perrsian languages. He was the poet and writer in the 19th century . He remains one of the most popular and influential master of the urdu language today too. He remains popular not only in India and Pakistan but also in the world. He has been written Ghazals,  Qaseedas, Masnawees,  History, Criticism  and  letters  in urdu and  persian languages. His poetry and literary works are the focus  of  scholars eyes. Literary magazines and newspapers  have  contributed  a  lot  to highlight his skills. In some of the magazines , essays  and  articles on his  poetry  and  prose  are  regularly published  such  as  in  monthly  risala  “Qaumi Zaban” Pakistan.  There  are so many researching , critical, historical  and different interesting  topics on poetry, prose have been  publishing in this magazine  since beginning .The number of  essays are written  on  the  Ghalib’s  urdu and persian poetry and prose after Allama  Iqbal in this  magazine.  The life conditions have   also   been discussing   besides  his  personal and art qualities like different style of expressions and  thoughts. This research article focused on the following perspective

Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4): A Promising Target for Antiplatelet Therapy

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are currently among the leading causes of death worldwide. Platelet aggregation is a key cellular component of arterial thrombi and major cause of CVDs. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), including PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4, fall within a subfamily of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Human platelets express PAR1 and PAR4, which contribute to the signaling transduction processes. In association with CVDs, PAR4 not only contributes to platelet activation but also is a modulator of cellular responses that serve as hallmarks of inflammation. Although several antiplatelet drugs are available on the market, they have many side effects that limit their use. Emerging evidence shows that PAR4 targeting is a safer strategy for preventing thrombosis and consequently may improve the overall cardiac safety profile. Our present review summarizes the PAR4 structural characteristics, activation mechanism, role in the pathophysiology of diseases and understanding the association of PAR4 targeting for improved cardiac protection. Conclusively, this review highlights the importance of PAR4 antagonists and its potential utility in different CVDs

Warfarin dosing strategies evolution and its progress in the era of precision medicine, a narrative review

Background For decades, vitamin K antagonists and specifically warfarin, have been the sole agents used orally to manage thromboembolic conditions, including stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Several factors lead to warfarin dose variability, including genetic and non-genetic factors which made warfarin management challenging especially at the initiation phase. To overcome the challenges with warfarin dosing at initiation, strategies other than conventional or fixed dosing were introduced and explored. Aim In this narrative review, we aim to discuss and critique the different dosing strategies for warfarin at initiation with more focus on genotype-guided warfarin dosing and the most recent supporting evidence for and against its use. Method Medline database was searched from 1965 to July 2021. Articles addressing different warfarin dosing methods were screened for inclusion. Results A number of methods exist for warfarin initiation. Studies comparing different dosing methods for initiation yielded conflicting outcomes due to differences in study design, population studied, comparator, and outcomes measured. Conclusions Looking at the big picture, the use of genetic dosing for warfarin initiation can lead to better outcomes. Whether these better outcomes are clinically or economically beneficial remains controversial.Other Information Published in: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-022-01386-8</p

Chemical Constituents from Cimicifuga dahurica and Their Anti-Proliferative Effects on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

This study was designed to search for novel anti-cancer compounds from natural plants. The 70% ethanolic extract from the rizhomes of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. (Ranunculaceae) was found to possess significant in vitro anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A phytochemical investigation using assay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of C. dahurica resulted in the isolation of one new phenolic amide glycoside 3, two new lignan glycosides 4 and 7, one new 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid glycoside 6, and thirteen known constituents 1, 2, 5, and 8&ndash;17. The structures of 3, 4, 6, and 7 were established using contemporary NMR methods and from their HRESIMS data. The anti-proliferative effects of isolated compounds were evaluated using the BrdU-proliferation kit. Five among the 17 isolated compounds showed significant anti-proliferative effects (p &le; 0.05), wherein compound 7 showed the most significant anti-proliferative and cell cycle arresting effect (p &le; 0.05) which followed a dose dependent manner. Western blot protein expression analysis showed a down expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 which further elucidated the anti-proliferation mechanism of compound 7 while apoptotic effects were found in association with Bcl-2 family protein expression variations. Conclusively this study reports the isolation and identification of 17 compounds from C. dahurica, including four novel molecules, in addition to the fact that compound 7 possesses significant anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in vitro that may require further exploration

Association of Serum Thyroid Hormones and Serum Leptin with Body Mass Index

Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissues and is considered as a satiety hormone, which inhibits feeding. Much research is being carried out internationally to understand role of leptin in obesity and related disorders. Thyroid hormones are important in metabolism and energy expenditure. Very few researches are done to investigate the possible association of serum leptin and thyroid hormones with body mass index in Pakistan. Objective of this study was to find any possible association of serum leptin levels and thyroid hormones, namely, thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) with body mass index (BMI). This prospective, randomized study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. The subjects were selected from Outpatient Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital and British Sliming Center. The consent from the patients was taken before their participation in this study. The subjects were classified into two categories; obese (BMI&gt;30) and Non-Obese (BMI&lt;25). The nutritional status of all subjects was assessed by means of anthropometric measurements. The body weight of each individual dressed in light clothing was measured using a carefully calibrated weighing balance. The height of each individual was measured using a vertical-measuring rod; a waist and hip circumference was also measured to calculate waist/hip ratio. Blood samples were taken early in the morning, 12 hours postprandial. About 10 ml of venous blood was drawn from the subjects. The serum samples were stored at 2-5°C for not more than 24 hours prior to Thyroid hormones (T 3 , T 4 &amp; TSH) and plasma Leptin measurements. Serum T 3, T4, TSH and Leptin concentration was measured by using ELISA. Data was processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. The mean age of the patients was 45.35 ± 5.96 years with minimum and maximum age 32-58 years respectively. Total 91 subjects were selected. 43 (47.3%) of them were males and 48 (52.7 %) females. The results showed positive significant correlation in BMI and Serum Leptin, r=0.316 (0.002), BMI and Thyroxine (T4), r= 0.113 (0.008), BMI and Tri-iodothyronine (T3), r= 0.171 (0.017) and BMI and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), r= 0.276 (0.000). These results suggest that there is a relationship between plasma leptin levels and thyroid hormones. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that there exists some relationship between thyroid hormones and plasma leptin. Further studies must be carried out to further investigate how leptin interacts with thyroid hormones and vice versa