A Regularized Gradient Projection Method for the Minimization Problem

We investigate the following regularized gradient projection algorithm xn+1=Pc(I−γn(∇f+αnI))xn, n≥0. Under some different control conditions, we prove that this gradient projection algorithm strongly converges to the minimum norm solution of the minimization problem minx∈Cf(x)

WFTNet: Exploiting Global and Local Periodicity in Long-term Time Series Forecasting

Recent CNN and Transformer-based models tried to utilize frequency and periodicity information for long-term time series forecasting. However, most existing work is based on Fourier transform, which cannot capture fine-grained and local frequency structure. In this paper, we propose a Wavelet-Fourier Transform Network (WFTNet) for long-term time series forecasting. WFTNet utilizes both Fourier and wavelet transforms to extract comprehensive temporal-frequency information from the signal, where Fourier transform captures the global periodic patterns and wavelet transform captures the local ones. Furthermore, we introduce a Periodicity-Weighted Coefficient (PWC) to adaptively balance the importance of global and local frequency patterns. Extensive experiments on various time series datasets show that WFTNet consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art baseline

Chirality manipulation of ultrafast phase switchings in a correlated CDW-Weyl semimetal

A recently emerging concept for quantum phase discovery is the controlled gapping of linear band crossings in topological semimetals. For example, achieving topological superconducting and charge-density-wave (CDW) gapping could introduce Majorana zero modes and axion electrodynamics, respectively. Light engineering of correlation gaps in topological materials provides a new avenue of achieving exotic topological phases inaccessible by conventional tuning methods such as doping and straining. Here we demonstrate a light control of correlation gaps and ultrafast phase switchings in a model CDW and polaron insulator (TaSe$_4$)$_2$I recently predicted to be an axion insulator. Our ultrafast terahertz photocurrent spectroscopy reveals a two-step, non-thermal melting of polarons and electronic CDW gap via studying the fluence dependence of a {\em longitudinal} circular photogalvanic current. The helicity-dependent photocurrent observed along the propagation of light reveals continuous ultrafast switchings from the polaronic state, to the CDW (axion) phase, and finally to a hidden Weyl phase as the pump fluence increases. Other distinguishing features corroborating with the light-induced switchings include: mode-selective coupling of coherent phonons to polaron and CDW modulation, and the emergence of a {\em non-thermal} chiral photocurrent above pump threshold of CDW-related phonons. The ultrafast chirality control of correlated topological states revealed here is important to realize axion electrodynamics and quantum computing.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with aneurysmal wall enhancement in unruptured intracranial fusiform aneurysms

IntroductionInflammation plays a key role in the progression of intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysmal wall enhancement (AWE) correlates well with inflammatory processes in the aneurysmal wall. Understanding the potential associations between blood inflammatory indices and AWE may aid in the further understanding of intracranial aneurysm pathophysiology.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 122 patients with intracranial fusiform aneurysms (IFAs) who underwent both high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and blood laboratory tests. AWE was defined as a contrast ratio of the signal intensity of the aneurysmal wall to that of the pituitary stalk ≥ 0.90. The systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index (neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes) was calculated from laboratory data and dichotomized based on whether or not the IFA had AWE. Aneurysmal symptoms were defined as sentinel headache or oculomotor nerve palsy. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to determine how well the SII index was able to predict AWE and aneurysmal symptoms. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to explore the potential associations between variables.ResultsThis study included 95 patients, of whom 24 (25.3%) presented with AWE. After adjusting for baseline differences in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios, leukocytes, and neutrophils in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, smoking history (P = 0.002), aneurysmal symptoms (P = 0.047), maximum diameter (P = 0.048), and SII index (P = 0.022) all predicted AWE. The SII index (P = 0.038) was the only independent predictor of aneurysmal symptoms. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the SII index was able to accurately distinguish IFAs with AWE (area under the curve = 0.746) and aneurysmal symptoms (area under the curve = 0.739).DiscussionAn early elevation in the SII index can independently predict AWE in IFAs and is a potential new biomarker for predicting IFA instability

Vitronura zhejiangensis Jiang & Xia 2018, sp. nov.

Vitronura zhejiangensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–7, Tables 1–2, 5) Diagnosis. The new species is similar to V. acuta Deharveng & Weiner, 1984 from North Korea by both species have similar arrangement of body tubercles, presence of chaeta O and no inner tooth on claw, and different in the structures of labrum and mandible. In V. zhejiangensis sp. nov., labrum distally is not ogival and mandible has 5 teeth; while in acuta, labrum distally is ogival and mandible has 3 teeth. The new species is also close to V. qingchengensis Jiang & Yin, 2012 from Sichuan, China by having similar arrangements of body tubercles and 5-toothed mandible, but can be separated by having serrated macrochaetae and mesochaeta on body, inner tooth on claw and medium middle tooth on mandible (body macrochaetae and mesochaeta smooth, claw without inner tooth and mandible with a minute middle tooth in latter). The new species has 5 teeth on mandible (2 basal and 3apical teeth), 3 chaetae (2+s) on tubercle De of Abd. V, separated from V. paraacuta Wang, Wang & Jiang, 2016, which has 4 teeth on mandible (2 basal and 2 apical teeth), 5 chaetae (4+s) on tubercle De of Abd. V. It has 3 chaetae on tubercle Oc of head, separated from V.mascula Smolis & Deharveng, 2006, V. shaanxiensis Jiang & Yin, 2011, V. tubercula Lee & Kim, 1990, V. sinica Yosii, 1976, V. luzonica Yosii, 1976, V. gressitti Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1981, V. latior (Rusek, 1967), V. mandarina (Yosii, 1954), V. namhaeiensis Lee, 1974, V. pygmaea (Yosii, 1954), which have less than 3 chaetae on tubercle Oc. The new species can also be separated from V. joanna (Coates, 1968) by having 3 chaetae on tubercle De of head (2 in the latter), from V. macgillivrayi (Denis, 1933) and V. singaporiensis (Yosii, 1959) by having separate tubercles Di on head (having fused Di tubercles in the latters), from V. dentata Deharveng & Weiner, 1984 by having no inner tooth on claw (has an inner tooth in the latter). Additionally, the new species is similar to V. giselae Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1981 by chaeta O on tubercle Fr present, claw without tooth. However, it can be differentiated from the latter by having 5 toothed mandibles and 8 chaetae on each tubercle of Abd. VI, while the latter has 3 teeth on mandible, 7 chaetae on each tubercle of Abd. VI. The differences between the new species and its allied species see Table 5. Description. Body length 1.3–2.0 mm. Body red in alive and white in alcohol. Etymology. The species is named after the Zhejiang Province, the typical locality of the new species. Head. Eyes 2+2, black (Fig. 1). Antenna equal to diagonal of the head and 4-segmented. Ant. I and II with 7 and 12 chaetae, respectively. Ant. III dorsally fused to Ant. IV. Ant. III organ consists of 2 short rods (exposed in separate pits), and 2 long sensory chaetae: sgd (dorsal guard chaeta) and sgv (ventral guard chaeta), chaeta sgd on the same level of sensory rod, sgv on the same level of ventral ms. Ant. IV with trilobed apical bulb, dorsally with 8 sensilla, slender i chaeta, 12 slender chaetae (mou) and minute capitate organ (or) (Fig. 2). Labrum chaetotaxy as 0/2, 2, distally not ogival. Labium with minute distal x and 11 chaetae (Fig. 3). Mandible with 5 teeth (Fig. 4). Maxilla crochet-like (Fig. 5). Dorsal cephalic macrochaetae and mesochaetae similar to those on thorax and abdomen, more or less serrated and apically blunt (Fig. 6), microchaetae smooth and pointed. All dorsal cephalic tubercles (except Dl+L+So) independent, tubercle Cl with 2 Ml and 2 Mc (or me), tubercle An with 1 Ml, 1 Mc and 2 Mcc (or me), tubercle Fr with 2 Ml and 1 Mc, O-chaeta present. Tubercle Di on head with 1 Ml, and De with 1 Ml and 2 me (or Mcc). Tubercle Dl+L+So with 4 Ml and 10 me (or Mcc) (Fig. 1, Table 1). Thoracic and abdominal tubercles and chaetotaxy shown in Figs 1, 7 and Table 2. Chaetae formula of tubercle Di on Th. I–Abd. V as 1, 3, 3/2, 2, 2, 2, 3. Sensory chaetae and s-microchaeta formula on Th. I–Abd. V as 0, 2+ms, 2/1, 1, 1, 1, 1. Each tubercle on Abd. VI with 8 chaetae (3 Ml, 4 Mc and 1 me). Tubecle De on Th. II shown in Fig. 6. Appendages. Ventral tube with 4+4 chaetae (Fig. 7), furcular vestige with 5 (rarely 4) chaetae (Fig. 7). Unguis without inner and lateral tooth. Unguiculus absent. Chaetotaxy of legs, ventral tube and furcular remnant see Table 2. Material examined. Holotype ♂, on the path from Longfengjian to Fairy Peak, Tianmu Mountains, Zhejiang, China (30º23'11"N, 119º26'07"E; elev. 1100–1500 m), 25 July 2011, coll. Jigang Jiang (no. J2011072501). Paratypes. 1♂ 5♀ and 2 subadult females, same data as holotype. Ecology. Under leaves in forest.Published as part of Jiang, Jigang & Xia, Hu, 2018, Two new species and a new record species of genus Vitronura (Collembola: Neanuridae) from East China, pp. 169-177 in Zoological Systematics 43 (2) on pages 172-174, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201815, http://zenodo.org/record/536705

Vitronura acuta Deharveng & Weiner 1984

Vitronura acuta Deharveng & Weiner, 1984 Diagnosis. V.acuta is characterized by mandible 4 teethed, maxilla hook-like, claw toothless, labium ogival, without x papilla. Its body tubercles and chaetotaxy are similar to V. zhejiangensis sp. nov. V. acuta is also similar to V. qingchengensis in body chaetotaxy and antennal structure. However, V. acuta is different from the latter by not having inner tooth on claw and having four-dentated mandible, while V. qingchengensis has an inner tooth on claw and five-dentated mandible. The differences among V. zhejiangensis sp. nov., V. acuta and V. giselae see the remarks of V.tianmua sp. nov. Material examined. 2♀, on the Path of Longfengjian to Fairy Peak, Tianmu Mountains, Zhejiang, China (30º23'09"N, 119º26'07"E; elev. 1100–1500m), 25 July 2011, coll. Jigang Jiang (no. J2011072502). Ecology. Under leave in the forest. Remarks. The species is recorded in China for the first time.Published as part of Jiang, Jigang & Xia, Hu, 2018, Two new species and a new record species of genus Vitronura (Collembola: Neanuridae) from East China, pp. 169-177 in Zoological Systematics 43 (2) on pages 171-172, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201815, http://zenodo.org/record/536705

Data from: Niche separation, ontogeny, and heterospecific alarm responses in centrarchid sunfish

Behavioral responses to alarm cues in aquatic species are typically examined with emphasis on the potential survival benefits accrued by conspecific receivers. By contrast, heterospecific responses to alarm cues and changes in responses with ontogeny in fishes are relatively unexplored. Taking an ecological niche perspective, we hypothesized that the response patterns of fish to risky chemical cues should be closely related to their degree of niche differentiation, which increases with ontogeny. We tested this hypothesis using the responses of adults from sympatric bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) populations to the alarm cues of conspecific and heterospecific adults and juveniles, including water as a control treatment. Responses measured consisted of changes in body posture (time spent with the dorsal fin 60º) and behavior (times spent still, frozen, at the surface, or on the bottom of the tank). Both adult bluegill and pumpkinseed spent significantly more time with their fins held >60º in response to adult versus juvenile alarm cues, with these responses mediated by donor species such that adult conspecific cues resulted in greater responses than heterospecific cues. The same general pattern was observed in the behavioral measures. These results demonstrate that behavioral response patterns to chemical alarm cues in sunfishes are highly plastic, and are likely related to niche separation in adults. Our findings open new lines of research into the role of ecological niches in shaping behavioral responses of fish to risky information

Effects of temperature acclimation on the critical thermal limits and swimming performance of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis: a threatened fish in Qinling Mountain region of China

Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endangered teleost fish species that occurs in the Qinling Mountain region of China. It also happens to represent the southernmost distribution of an endemic Salmonid fish worldwide. Recently, the habitat of this species shifted towards a higher altitude presumably because of climate change, indicating that this species might be suffering from thermal stress. However, information on the thermal physiology of this species is extremely limited. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of acclimation temperature (6, 12, and 18 °C) on ecologically relevant end points such as critical thermal limits, swimming performance and metabolic rate. Our results showed that elevated acclimation temperatures resulted in increased thermal tolerance and decreased swimming efficiency. High temperature (i.e., 18 °C) did not have a marked effect on the critical swimming speed and the maximum metabolic rate but caused an increase in the energetic cost of transport compared with the results at 12 °C. Interestingly, we found that both th