Perioperative and oncological outcomes following minimally invasive versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma

Background The outcomes of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy have not been adequately compared with those of open pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We performed a meta‐analysis to compare the perioperative and oncological outcomes of these two pancreaticoduodenectomy procedures specifically in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods Before this study was initiated, a specific protocol was designed and has been registered in PROSEPRO (ID: CRD42020149438). Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 1994 and October 2019. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and time to commencing adjuvant chemotherapy were the primary endpoint measurements, whereas perioperative and short-term outcomes were the secondary endpoints. Results The final analysis included 9 retrospective cohorts comprising 11,242 patients (1377 who underwent minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy and 9865 who underwent open pancreaticoduodenectomy). There were no significant differences in the patients’ overall survival, operative time, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, rate of vein resection, number of harvested lymph nodes, or rate of positive lymph nodes between the two approaches. However, disease free survival, time to starting adjuvant chemotherapy, length of hospital stay, and rate of negative margins in patients who underwent minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy showed improvements relative to those in patients who underwent open surgery. Conclusions Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy provides similar or even improved perioperative, short-term, and long-term oncological outcomes when compared with open pancreaticoduodenectomy for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Zhu Yong, Fanyuedu: Gemingshiqi de shentishi (Contre-lecture : une histoire du corps en périodes révolutionnaires),

Dans son ouvrage devenu classique, The Sociological Imagination, Charles Wright Mills soulignait que l’une des missions de la sociologie était d’établir une distinction entre les « difficultés personnelles » et les « problèmes publics » (1959, chapitre 1). Cette distinction, outil indispensable de « l’imagination sociologique », terme inventé par Mills, est au cœur de la recherche sociologique classique. Il arrive que les gens considèrent leurs vies comme des pièges dont ils ne peuvent s’écha..

Zhu Yong, Fanyuedu: Gemingshiqi de shentishi (Contre-lecture : une histoire du corps en périodes révolutionnaires),

Dans son ouvrage devenu classique, The Sociological Imagination, Charles Wright Mills soulignait que l’une des missions de la sociologie était d’établir une distinction entre les « difficultés personnelles » et les « problèmes publics » (1959, chapitre 1). Cette distinction, outil indispensable de « l’imagination sociologique », terme inventé par Mills, est au cœur de la recherche sociologique classique. Il arrive que les gens considèrent leurs vies comme des pièges dont ils ne peuvent s’écha..

Zhu Yong, Fanyuedu: Gemingshiqi de shentishi (CounterReading: A History of the Body in Revolutionary Times),

Charles Wright Mills indicated in his classic book The Sociological Imagination that one of sociology’s assignments is to distinguish “personal troubles” from “public issues” (1959, Chapter 1). This distinction is an essential tool of the sociological imagination, which is a term that Mills invented, and a feature of all classic work in social science. People might consider their lives traps that they cannot escape; for example, people in China who have experienced “the decade of turmoil” (re..

BadGPT: Exploring Security Vulnerabilities of ChatGPT via Backdoor Attacks to InstructGPT

Recently, ChatGPT has gained significant attention in research due to its ability to interact with humans effectively. The core idea behind this model is reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning, a new paradigm that allows language models to align with human preferences, i.e., InstructGPT. In this study, we propose BadGPT, the first backdoor attack against RL fine-tuning in language models. By injecting a backdoor into the reward model, the language model can be compromised during the fine-tuning stage. Our initial experiments on movie reviews, i.e., IMDB, demonstrate that an attacker can manipulate the generated text through BadGPT.Comment: This paper is accepted as a poster in NDSS202

Psychological contract’s effect on job mobility: Evidence from Chinese construction worker

The subject of this study is that the psychological contract (PC) approaches to job mobility within the construction industry with special reference to migrant construction workers in China. Using a semi-structured interview to elicit a full range of the PC’s con- tent of construction worker, we unravel the mechanism of such contract to influence the informal job mobility of workers through the lens of the evolutionary game framework. The results demonstrate that, in the case of fulfilling PC, the informal job mobility of workers is under control, and both workers and employers benefit from this situation. This study deepens the understanding of the PC’s effect on the job mobility of construction workers in China during the course of economic change. The theoretical and practical implications are discusse

Towards Safer Generative Language Models: A Survey on Safety Risks, Evaluations, and Improvements

As generative large model capabilities advance, safety concerns become more pronounced in their outputs. To ensure the sustainable growth of the AI ecosystem, it's imperative to undertake a holistic evaluation and refinement of associated safety risks. This survey presents a framework for safety research pertaining to large models, delineating the landscape of safety risks as well as safety evaluation and improvement methods. We begin by introducing safety issues of wide concern, then delve into safety evaluation methods for large models, encompassing preference-based testing, adversarial attack approaches, issues detection, and other advanced evaluation methods. Additionally, we explore the strategies for enhancing large model safety from training to deployment, highlighting cutting-edge safety approaches for each stage in building large models. Finally, we discuss the core challenges in advancing towards more responsible AI, including the interpretability of safety mechanisms, ongoing safety issues, and robustness against malicious attacks. Through this survey, we aim to provide clear technical guidance for safety researchers and encourage further study on the safety of large models

The Weddell Sea Region: An Important Precipitation Channel to the Interior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet as Revealed by Glaciochemical Investigation of Surface Snow Along the Longest Trans-Antarctic Route

Glaciochemical analysis of surface snow samples, collected along a profile crossing the Antarctic ice sheet from the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, via the Antarctic Plateau through South Pole, Vostok and Komsomolskaya to Mirny station (at the east margin of East Antarctica), shows that the Weddell Sea region is an important channel for air masses to the high plateau of the Antarctic ice sheet (\u3e2000 m a.s.l.). This opinion is supported by the following. (1) The fluxes of sea-salt ions such as Na+, Mg2+ and Cl− display a decreasing trend from the west to the east of interior Antarctica. In general, as sea-salt aerosols are injected into the atmosphere over the Antarctic ice sheet from the Weddell Sea, large aerosols tend to decrease. For the inland plateau, few large particles of sea-salt aerosol reach the area, and the sea-salt concentration levels are low. (2) The high altitude of the East Antarctic plateau, as well as the polar cold high-pressure system, obstruct the intrusive air masses mainly from the South Indian Ocean sector. (3) For the coastal regions of the East Antarctic ice sheet, the elevation rises to 2000 m over a distance from several to several tens of km. High concentrations of sea salt exist in snow in East Antarctica but are limited to a narrow coastal zone. (4) Fluxes of calcium and non-sea-salt sulfate in snow from the interior plateau do not display an eastward-decreasing trend. Since calcium is mainly derived from crustal sources, and nssSO42− is a secondary aerosol, this again confirms that the eastward-declining tendency of sea-salt ions indicates the transfer direction of precipitation vapor

Graph Prompt Learning: A Comprehensive Survey and Beyond

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) has revolutionized numerous fields, yet its integration with graph data, a cornerstone in our interconnected world, remains nascent. This paper presents a pioneering survey on the emerging domain of graph prompts in AGI, addressing key challenges and opportunities in harnessing graph data for AGI applications. Despite substantial advancements in AGI across natural language processing and computer vision, the application to graph data is relatively underexplored. This survey critically evaluates the current landscape of AGI in handling graph data, highlighting the distinct challenges in cross-modality, cross-domain, and cross-task applications specific to graphs. Our work is the first to propose a unified framework for understanding graph prompt learning, offering clarity on prompt tokens, token structures, and insertion patterns in the graph domain. We delve into the intrinsic properties of graph prompts, exploring their flexibility, expressiveness, and interplay with existing graph models. A comprehensive taxonomy categorizes over 100 works in this field, aligning them with pre-training tasks across node-level, edge-level, and graph-level objectives. Additionally, we present, ProG, a Python library, and an accompanying website, to support and advance research in graph prompting. The survey culminates in a discussion of current challenges and future directions, offering a roadmap for research in graph prompting within AGI. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to catalyze further exploration and practical applications of AGI in graph data, underlining its potential to reshape AGI fields and beyond. ProG and the website can be accessed by \url{https://github.com/WxxShirley/Awesome-Graph-Prompt}, and \url{https://github.com/sheldonresearch/ProG}, respectively