Pseudo-Einstein and Q-flat metrics with eigenvalue estimates on CR-hypersurfaces

Let $M^{2n-1}$ be the smooth boundary of a bounded strongly pseudo-convex domain $\Omega$ in a complete Stein manifold $V^{2n}$. Then (1) For $n \ge 3$, $M^{2n-1}$ admits a pseudo-Eistein metric; (2) For $n \ge 2$, $M^{2n-1}$ admits a Fefferman metric of zero CR Q-curvature; and (3) for a compact strictly pseudoconvex CR embeddable 3-manifold $M^3$, its CR Paneitz operator $P$ is a closed operator

Compound Control of Electromagnetic Linear Actuator Based on Fuzzy Switching

Due to the motion control system of electromagnetic linear actuator (EMLA) is a nonlinear system with poor controllability, single control strategy has been difficult to meet the requirements of its control. A compound control strategy based on inverse system control (ISC) and proportional-integral (PI) is designed in this paper. Switching between two algorithms, which is based on the fuzzy rules, prevents the control algorithm to jitter and jump. System model is build under Matlab/Simulink to do simulation analysis. The designed controller is integrated into the system simulation model and the system software of digital signal processor (DSP) controller. Simulation and test results show that the compound control strategy using fuzzy switching rules achieves the smooth transition of two control algorithms, and the goal of any position location, and continuous adjustment in 0~4mm lift. Positioning accuracy is up to ± 0.02mm, while the response time is less than 10ms

Sympathetic Blocks Provided Sustained Pain Relief in a Patient with Refractory Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

The sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in pain associated with painful diabetic neuropathy. However, therapeutic intervention targeted at the sympathetic nervous system has not been established. We thus tested the hypothesis that sympathetic nerve blocks significantly reduce pain in a patient with painful diabetic neuropathy who has failed multiple pharmacological treatments. The diagnosis of small fiber sensory neuropathy was based on clinical presentations and confirmed by skin biopsies. A series of 9 lumbar sympathetic blocks over a 26-month period provided sustained pain relief in his legs. Additional thoracic paravertebral blocks further provided control of the pain in the trunk which can occasionally be seen in severe diabetic neuropathy cases, consequent to extensive involvement of the intercostal nerves. These blocks provided sustained and significant pain relief and improvement of quality of life over a period of more than two years. We thus provided the first clinical evidence supporting the notion that sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in painful diabetic neuropathy and sympathetic blocks can be an effective management modality of painful diabetic neuropathy. We concluded that the sympathetic nervous system is a valuable therapeutic target of pharmacological and interventional modalities of treatments in painful diabetic neuropathy patients

Diel cycling and flux of HCO3− in a typical karst spring-fed stream of southwestern China

We investigated the diel variations of the dissolved inorganic carbon, isotopic composition, and partial CO2 pressure from a karst spring (Guangcun Village, Guangxi, Southwest China) to the 1,350 m downstream profile of the stream. In addition, the carbon loss and CO2 exchange flux at the water-gas interface were also estimated. The results showed that the pH value and DO in the stream varied regularly on a daily basis with the temperature of stream water, suggesting that the photosynthesis of aquatic plants and algae is the controlling factor for the diel variations of the pH and DO. During the monitoring period, while the DIC (mainly in HCO3−) input (at spring) was relatively stable at about 4.46 mmol L−1, the concentrations of HCO3− and Ca2+ at downstream showed a diel cycle of daytime decrease and nighttime increase, with an amplitude of 22.4 %. We also found out that the CO2 degassing mainly occurred in the upper reach of the surface stream right after groundwater is exposed to the surface. The total CO2 exchange flux of the entire monitoring stream section was calculated to be 29.83 kg d−1, accounting for 17.8 % of the DIC loss, which means that approximately 4/5 of the loss was converted into organic carbon or calcite precipitation. Compared with the total carbon input at spring, this carbon loss only accounts for 6.5 % of the total carbon amount (1.4 % of which was converted into organic carbon and 1.1 % of which was degassed to the atmosphere), indicating that the DIC of karst groundwater in low order surface stream of Guancun is stable in general, with 1 % being lost to the atmosphere. This suggests that on a daily timescale, carbon loss in the form of CO2 of low order karst streams with lower gradient is much less pronounced.Key words: inorganic carbon cycle, spring-fed stream, aquatic vegetation photosynthesis, CO2 degassing, inorganic carbon flux, karst

An integrated energy-efficient operation methodology for metro systems based on a real case of Shanghai Metro Line One

Metro systems are one of the most important transportation systems in people's lives. Due to the huge amount of energy it consumes every day, highly-efficient operation of a metro system will lead to significant energy savings. In this paper, a new integrated Energy-efficient Operation Methodology (EOM) for metro systems is proposed and validated. Compared with other energy saving methods, EOM does not incur additional cost. In addition, it provides solutions to the frequent disturbance problems in the metro systems. EOM can be divided into two parts: Timetable Optimization (TO) and Compensational Driving Strategy Algorithm (CDSA). First, to get a basic energy-saving effect, a genetic algorithm is used to modify the dwell time of each stop to obtain the most optimal energy-efficient timetable. Then, in order to save additional energy when disturbances happen, a novel CDSA algorithm is formulated and proposed based on the foregoing method. To validate the correctness and effectiveness of the energy-savings possible with EOM, a real case of Shanghai Metro Line One (SMLO) is studied, where EOM was applied. The result shows that a significant amount of energy can be saved by using EOM

Polarization State Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metamaterials and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

Polarization state is an important characteristic of electromagnetic waves. The arbitrary control of the polarization state of such wave has attracted great interest in the scientific community because of the wide range of modern optical applications that such control can afford. Recent advances in metamaterials provide an alternative method of realizing arbitrary manipulation of polarization state of electromagnetic waves in nanoscale via ultrathin, miniaturized, and easily integrable designs. In this chapter, we give a review of recent developments on polarization state manipulation of electromagnetic waves in metamaterials and discuss their applications in nanophotonics, such as polarization converter, wavefront controller, information coding, and so on