Study on Matching Ability Between Cement Particle Size and Permeability in the Process of Oil Reservoir Plugging

In order to satisfy the plugging demands of injecting the cement plugging agent into reservoirs with different radial depths, the technical studies of cement particle size optimization should be conducted. Through indoor experiment, the relationship between cement particle size and permeability was investigated by both macroscopic and microcosmic analysis. It is observed that the reservoirs which permeabilities are within 50~200mD are matching well with the cement agents which particle sizes are less than 5μm. And the permeabilities within 200~400mD are matching well with the cement agents which particle sizes are within 5~10μm, the permeabilities within 400~700mD are matching well with the cement agents which particle sizes are within 10~20μm, the permeabilities are above 700mD are matching well with the cement agents which particle sizes are more than 20μm. The plugging success rates of all the matching experiments are exceeding 90%. This research result is important to direct the plugging operation in the field.Key words: Plugging off and channeling prevention; Cement particle size; Permeability; Matching relationship; Experimental stud

Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and mRNA Expression of Hemocyanin Subunit in Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Hemocyanin is a copper-containing protein with immune function against disease. In this study, a hemocyanin subunit named MnHc-1 was cloned from Macrobrachium nipponense. The full-length cDNA of MnHc-1 was 2,163 bp with a 2,028-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 675 amino acids. The MnHc-1 mRNA was expressed in the hepatopancreas, gill, hemocytes, intestine, ovary, and stomach, with the highest level in the hepatopancreas. In the infection trial, the MnHc-1 mRNA transcripts in the hemocytes were significantly downregulated at 3 h after injection of Aeromonas hydrophila and then upregulated at 6 h and 12 h, followed by a gradual recovery from 24 to 48 h. The MnHc-1 transcriptional expression in the hepatopancreas was measured after M. nipponense were fed seven diets with 2.8, 12.2, 20.9, 29.8, 43.1, 78.9, and 157.1 mg Cu kg−1 for 8 weeks, respectively. The level of MnHc-1 mRNA was significantly higher in the prawns fed 43.1–157.1 mg Cu kg−1 diet than in that fed 2.8–29.8 mg Cu kg−1 diet. This study indicated that the MnHc-1 expression can be affected by dietary copper and the hemocyanin may potentially participate in the antibacterial defense of M. nipponense

High temperature strain heterogeneities tracking within hole-specimens of fv566 turbine steel via digital image correlation

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations to study spatial-temporal distributions of strain heterogeneities within a FV566 turbine rotor steel subjected to high temperature conditions. Strain field were determined during monotonic tensile tests performed on flat specimens containing a circular hole to give rise to heterogeneous strain fields. A home-made digital image correlation system with an image restoration module was developed and employed to record and analyse the deformation process till the macroscopic fracture of the investigated specimens. Noticeable in-plane strain concentration zones and effects of the sample design were highlighted and deeply examined. Experimental results combined with finite element analyses based on a classical Johnson-Cook model indicated that the hole shape was the important factor affecting the strength and the spatio-temporal distribution of the strain fields. Microstructural investigations were also conducted to characterize and assess the microscale damage features of the FV566 steel. The ruptured area for all the investigated temperature tests revealed ductile rupture behaviour. Changes on grain boundaries and misorientation near strain localized regions were also investigated. It was found that the propagation of cracks surrounding the hole in FV566 specimens was mainly affected by the nucleation and propagation of strain localization zones.AVIC (Chine), CSC (Chine

Occlusion dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease: Mendelian randomization study

AimOcclusion dysfunction (OD) is increasingly linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between OD and AD using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Materials and methodsGenome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis data obtained from FinnGen, IEU Open GWAS, and UK Biobank (UKBB) was represented as instrumental variables. We validated the causal relationship between periodontal disease (PD), loose teeth (PD & occlusion dysfunction), dentures restoration (occlusion recovery), and AD.ResultsAccording to the MR analysis, PD and AD have no direct causal relationship (P = 0.395, IVW). However, loose teeth significantly increased the risk of AD progression (P = 0.017, IVW, OR = 187.3567, 95%CI = 2.54E+00−1.38E+04). These findings were further supported by the negative causal relationship between dentures restoration and AD (P = 0.015, IVW, OR = 0.0234, 95%CI = 1.13E-03−0.485).ConclusionThe occlusion dysfunction can ultimately induce Alzheimer’s disease. Occlusion function was a potentially protective factor for maintaining neurological health

NMP4 regulates the innate immune response to influenza A virus infection

Severe influenza A virus infection typically triggers excessive and detrimental lung inflammation with massive cell infiltration and hyper-production of cytokines and chemokines. We identified a novel function for nuclear matrix protein 4 (NMP4), a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor playing roles in bone formation and spermatogenesis, in regulating antiviral immune response and immunopathology. Nmp4-deficient mice are protected from H1N1 influenza infection, losing only 5% body weight compared to a 20% weight loss in wild type mice. While having no effects on viral clearance or CD8/CD4 T cell or humoral responses, deficiency of Nmp4 in either lung structural cells or hematopoietic cells significantly reduces the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the lungs. Consistent with fewer innate cells in the airways, influenza-infected Nmp4-deficient mice have significantly decreased expression of chemokine genes Ccl2, Ccl7 and Cxcl1 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b and Il6. Furthermore, NMP4 binds to the promoters and/or conserved non-coding sequences of the chemokine genes and regulates their expression in mouse lung epithelial cells and macrophages. Our data suggest that NMP4 functions to promote monocyte- and neutrophil-attracting chemokine expression upon influenza A infection, resulting in exaggerated innate inflammation and lung tissue damage

Estimates of daily ground-level NO2 concentrations in China based on big data and machine learning approaches

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most important atmospheric pollutants. However, current ground-level NO2 concentration data are lack of either high-resolution coverage or full coverage national wide, due to the poor quality of source data and the computing power of the models. To our knowledge, this study is the first to estimate the ground-level NO2 concentration in China with national coverage as well as relatively high spatiotemporal resolution (0.25 degree; daily intervals) over the newest past 6 years (2013-2018). We advanced a Random Forest model integrated K-means (RF-K) for the estimates with multi-source parameters. Besides meteorological parameters, satellite retrievals parameters, we also, for the first time, introduce socio-economic parameters to assess the impact by human activities. The results show that: (1) the RF-K model we developed shows better prediction performance than other models, with cross-validation R2 = 0.64 (MAPE = 34.78%). (2) The annual average concentration of NO2 in China showed a weak increasing trend . While in the economic zones such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta, the NO2 concentration there even decreased or remained unchanged, especially in spring. Our dataset has verified that pollutant controlling targets have been achieved in these areas. With mapping daily nationwide ground-level NO2 concentrations, this study provides timely data with high quality for air quality management for China. We provide a universal model framework to quickly generate a timely national atmospheric pollutants concentration map with a high spatial-temporal resolution, based on improved machine learning methods

Exploring the common mechanisms and biomarker ST8SIA4 of atherosclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning

BackgroundAtherosclerosis (AS) is a major contributor to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. There is growing evidence that ankylosing spondylitis is closely linked to AS, often co-occurring with it; however, the shared pathogenic mechanisms between the two conditions are not well understood. This study employs bioinformatics approaches to identify common biomarkers and pathways between AS and ankylosing spondylitis.MethodsGene expression datasets for AS (GSE100927, GSE28829, GSE155512) and ankylosing spondylitis (GSE73754, GSE25101) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differential expression genes (DEGs) and module genes for AS and ankylosing spondylitis were identified using the Limma R package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) techniques, respectively. The machine learning algorithm SVM-RFE was applied to pinpoint promising biomarkers, which were then validated in terms of their expression levels and diagnostic efficacy in AS and ankylosing spondylitis, using two separate GEO datasets. Furthermore, the interaction of the key biomarker with the immune microenvironment was investigated via the CIBERSORT algorithm, single-cell analysis was used to identify the locations of common diagnostic markers.ResultsThe dataset GSE100927 contains 524 DEGs associated with AS, whereas dataset GSE73754 includes 1,384 genes categorized into modules specific to ankylosing spondylitis. Analysis of these datasets revealed an overlap of 71 genes between the DEGs of AS and the modular genes of ankylosing spondylitis. Utilizing the SVM-RFE algorithm, 15 and 24 central diagnostic genes were identified in datasets GSE100927 and GSE73754, respectively. Further validation of six key genes using external datasets confirmed ST8SIA4 as a common diagnostic marker for both conditions. Notably, ST8SIA4 is upregulated in samples from both diseases. Additionally, ROC analysis confirmed the robust diagnostic utility of ST8SIA4. Moreover, analysis through CIBERSORT suggested an association of the ST8SIA4 gene with the immune microenvironment in both disease contexts. Single-cell analysis revealed that ST8SIA4 is primarily expressed in Macrophages, Monocytes, T cells, and CMPs.ConclusionThis study investigates the role of ST8SIA4 as a common diagnostic gene and the involvement of the lysosomal pathway in both AS and ankylosing spondylitis. The findings may yield potential diagnostic biomarkers and offer new insights into the shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying these conditions

SIJUNZI DECOCTION DEMOLITION PARTIES INHIBIT PROLIFERATION AND INDUCE APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER BGC823 SIDE POPULATION

Background: Comprehensive treatment combining with Chinese medicine has become the main therapeutic regimen of gastric cancer. Previous evidence demonstrated SD can enhance the effect of chemotherapy in advanced cancer, especially in gastric cancer. In order to investigate the anticancer mechanism of SD in gastric cancer, we observed the effects of SD parties (Ginseng, Atractylodes, Poria, Licorice) on proliferation and apoptosis of SP of human gastric cancer BGC-823. Materials and Methods: 1. BGC-823 side population cells were sorted through flow cytometry. 2. To detect the changes of proliferation of SP and NSP before and after the intervention of serum containing SD parties using cck-8 method. 3. To detect the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis of SP and NSP before and after the intervention of serum containing SD parties through flow cytometry. 4. To detect the effects of serum containing SD parties on apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 of SP and NSP before and after the intervention by western-blot. Results: It was found that four demolition parties serum treatments inhibited cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the control group (normal saline treatment), there were increase in G1/G0 phase population of SP and NSP, and decrease in G2/M and S phase population (

Exosomes: A Novel Strategy for Treatment and Prevention of Diseases

An “exosome” is a nanoscale membrane vesicle derived from cell endocytosis that functions as an important intercellular communication mediator regulating the exchange of proteins and genetic materials between donor and surrounding cells. Exosomes secreted by normal and cancer cells participate in tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, immune cells and cancer cells exert a two-way bidirectional regulatory effect on tumor immunity by exchanging exosomes. Current studies on exosomes have further expanded their known functions in physiological and pathological processes. The purpose of this review is to describe their discovery and biological functions in the context of their enormous potential in the clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer as well as bacterial and viral infectious diseases