Eigenvalues and eigenvectors for matrices over distributive lattices

AbstractLet (L, ⩽, ∧, ∨) be a complete and completely distributive lattice. A vector ξ is said to be an eigenvector of a square matrix A over the lattice L if Aξ = γξ for some γϵL. The elements γ are called the associated eigenvalues. In this paper we characterize the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors and also the roots of the characteristic equation of A

The Influence of Culture on Attitudes Towards Humorous Advertising

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Manipulating task constraints shapes emergence of herding tendencies in team games performance

The herding phenomenon is observed in nature and has been perceived to be less desirable use of space in impacting overall team play performance. The effective manipulating of rules and task constraints might be able to alter herding tendencies in sport performance. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of altering task constraints on herding tendencies, measured with the use of cluster phase analysis, which has also been used to analyse the synchrony exhibited by performers in invasion games such as professional association football matches. In this study, tracking positional data of individual players in a simulated pass and catch game was undertaken, with no specific verbal instructions provided to participants on how and where to move so that emergent behavioural tendencies could be observed. Data revealed how task constraint manipulations impacted on herding tendencies. Manipulation of task constraints revealed higher levels of clustering tendencies in the herding condition compared to, the non-herding condition. Within the herding condition, between-team synchrony was also strong, especially in the longitudinal direction. Ball possession also seemed to have some impact on within-team synchrony. Findings provided preliminary evidence on how manipulating task constraints can be effective in altering herding tendencies in team games

Learning Domain Invariant Representations for Generalizable Person Re-Identification

Generalizable person Re-Identification (ReID) has attracted growing attention in recent computer vision community. In this work, we construct a structural causal model among identity labels, identity-specific factors (clothes/shoes color etc), and domain-specific factors (background, viewpoints etc). According to the causal analysis, we propose a novel Domain Invariant Representation Learning for generalizable person Re-Identification (DIR-ReID) framework. Specifically, we first propose to disentangle the identity-specific and domain-specific feature spaces, based on which we propose an effective algorithmic implementation for backdoor adjustment, essentially serving as a causal intervention towards the SCM. Extensive experiments have been conducted, showing that DIR-ReID outperforms state-of-the-art methods on large-scale domain generalization ReID benchmarks

Early Triassic microbialites from the Changxing Region of Zhejiang Province, South China

© 2019, The Author(s). Microbialites, often considered as a signal of extreme marine environment, are common in the Lower Triassic strata of South China where they flourished in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. Early Triassic microbialite facies are known to vary palaeogeographically, perhaps due to differing climates, ocean chemistry, and water depths. This paper provides the first record of a brief, but spectacular development of microbialites in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction at Panjiazhuang section, Changxing Region of Zhejiang Province (eastern South China). Here, the Upper Permian Changxing Formation comprises typical shallow platform facies rich in calcareous algae and foraminifera, the development of which was terminated by the major end-Permian regression. A 3.4-m-thick microbialite began to form at the onset of the transgression in the earliest Triassic. The microbialite at Panjiazhuang section is composed of thrombolite that contains abundant calcified cyanobacteria, small gastropods, microconchid tubes and ostracods, representing a low-diversity shallow marine community in the aftermath of the end-Permian crisis. The microbialites are succeeded by thin-bedded micrites bearing thin-shelled bivalves, which record a rapid sea-level rise in the Early Triassic. Abundant populations of small pyrite framboids are observed in the upper part of the microbialites and the overlying thin-bedded micrites, suggesting that dysoxic water conditions developed at that time. The appearance of microbialites near the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) at Panjiazhuang section was the result of peculiar marine conditions following the end-Permian regression, whilst their disappearance was due to the increasing water depth and the development of dysoxia

Prediction of the Lymph Node Status in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Analysis of 320 Surgical Cases

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors involved in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and evaluate their role in predicting LNM in clinically lymph node negative (clinical stage I–III) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Materials and Methods: We selected 320 patients who were diagnosed with ICC with no apparent clinical LNM (T1–3N0M0). Age, gender, tumor boundary, histological differentiation, tumor size, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 value were the studied factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were conducted. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to test the predicting value of each factor and a test which combined the associated factors was used to predict LNM. Results: LNM was observed in 76 cases (76/320, 23.8%). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that histological differentiation as well as tumor boundary and tumor size significantly correlated with LNM. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for LNM for the three factors when combined was 96.1 and 95% respectively. This means that 5% of the patients who did not have the risk factors mentioned above developed LNM. Conclusion: This model used the combination of three factors (low-graded histological differentiation, distinct tumor boundary, small tumor size) and they proved to be useful in predicting LNM in ICC with clinically lymph node negative cases. In patients with these criteria, lymph node dissection or lymph node irradiation may be omitted and such cases may also be good candidates for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT)

Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy Choice of Esophageal Leiomyoma

OBJECTIVES: Esophageal leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus, and it originates from mesenchymal tissue. This study analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal leiomyoma and aimed to evaluate the role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment selection for these lesions. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients who had suspected esophageal leiomyomas in endoscopic ultrasonography were enrolled at the Endoscopy Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University from January 1st, 2009 to May 31th, 2015. The main outcomes included the demographic and morphological characteristics, symptoms, comparisons of diagnosis and treatment methods, adverse events, and prognosis. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-seven patients were diagnosed as having an esophageal leiomyoma by pathological examination. The mean patient age was 50.57±9.983 years. In total, 62.9% of the lesions originated from the muscularis mucosa, and the others originated from the muscularis propria. The median distance to the incisors was 30±12 cm. The median diameter was 0.72±0.99 cm. As determined by endoscopic ultrasonography, most existing leiomyomas were homogeneous, endophytic, and spherical. The leiomyomas from the muscularis mucosa were smaller than those from the muscularis propria and much closer to the incisors (

Efficacy and safety of a combination of miglitol, metformin and insulin aspart in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Purpose: To study the clinical effect of combining insulin aspart with different drugs in the treatment oftype 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven T2DM patients admitted to the Endocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from March to September 2018 were selected as subjects in this study. Miglitol and metformin were used in combination with insulin aspart in the treatment of T2DM. In addition, data on the effectiveness and safety of different treatment options,such as patient’s weight, waist circumference, blood glucose indicators, indices of heart, liver and kidney functions, and incidence of complications were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results: The use of a combination of miglitol and insulin aspart produced an excellent hypoglycaemic effect, and it significantly reduced the incidence of sensory neuropathy in the eyes and distal limbs (p < 0.05). The use of combination of metformin and insulin aspart effectively protected the heart and kidney, and prevented hypoglycaemia (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that treatment with a combination of miglitol and insulin aspart is suitable for patients with T2DM whose blood sugar levels are out of control, while combined treatment with metformin and insulin aspart is more suited for patients who desire to reduce blood sugar and blood lipids through weight loss, and patients with cardiac and renal insufficiency