A PRECISE REVIEW ON FAST DISSOLVING ORAL FILMS

Orally fast dissolving films (OFDFs) have been introduced in the market recently as they provide convenience and ease of use over other dosage forms such as orally disintegrating tablets. This technology evolved over the past few years from the confection and oral care markets in the form of breath strips and became a novel and widely accepted form by consumers, so OFDFs are gaining the interest of large number of pharmaceutical industries. Orally fast dissolving film is the type of drug delivery system which when placed in the oral cavity, disintegrate or dissolve within few seconds without the intake of water. OFDFs are very similar to postage stamp in their shape, size and thickness. These films have a potential to deliver the drug systemically through intragastric, sublingual or buccal route of administration and also has been used for local action. This type of technology offer a convenient way of dosing medication, not to special population groups like pediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients, mentally ill patients, but also to the general population. The present review provides an account of various formulation considerations, method of preparation and quality control of the OFDFs. Keywords: Fast dissolving films, Fast disintegration, Oral strips, Tensile strength

An Efficient Digital Image Watermarking Based on DCT and Advanced Image Data Embedding Method

Digital image enhancement and digital content or data image secure using DCT and advanced image data embedding method (AIDEM). AIDEM improved robustness based on particle shifting concept is reproduced secure image data and manipulated there’s a robust would like for a digital image copyright mechanism to be placed in secure image data. There’s a necessity for authentication of the content because of the owner. It’s become more accessible for malicious parties to create scalable copies of proprietary content with any compensation to the content owner. Advanced Watermarking is being viewed as a potential goal to the current downside. Astounding watermarking plans are arranged assaults on the watermarked picture are twisted and proposed to give insurance of proprietorship freedoms, information treating, and information uprightness. These methods guarantee unique information recuperation from watermarked information, while irreversible watermarking plans safeguard proprietorship freedoms. This attribute of reversible watermarking has arisen as an applicant answer for the assurance of proprietorship freedoms of information, unfortunate to alterations, for example, clinical information, genetic information, Visa, and financial balance information. These attacks are also intentional or unintentional. The attacks are classified as geometric attacks. This research presents a comprehensive and old method of these techniques that are developed and their effectiveness. Digital watermarking was developed to supply copyright protection and owners’ authentication. Digital image watermarking may be a methodology for embedding some information into digital image sequences, like text image, image data, during this research analysis on image watermarking and attacks on watermarking process time image data, classification of watermarking and applications. We aim to secure image data using advanced image data embedding method (AIDEM) improved robustness based particle shifting concept is reproduced secure image data. To develop compelling digital image watermarking methodology using mat lab tool and reliable and robust

Medicinal and Phamacological Potential of Nigella sativa: A Review

Herbs are vital source of drugs from the ancient time holding the scenario of the Indian system of medicine. Nigella sativa commonly known as karayal is an annual flowering plant, native to southwest Asia. Seeds and their oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and are used in food as well as medicine. The present paper enumerates the medicinal, pharmacological, traditional value and folk remedies of this herb, which may help the researchers to set their minds for approaching the utility, efficacy and potency of Nigella sativa

MODIFIED QUANTIFICATION THROUGH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS FOR CANAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLETS USING ECOFRIENDLY GREEN SOLVENTS

Objective: An accurate, precise, specific modified High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of canagliflozin and metformin in bulk and dosage forms. Methods: A C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm; 5 µm Phenomenex) was used with mobile phase containing 0.05% v/v triethylamine (pH 6.5): acetonitrile (45:55% v/v) at 20 °C and isocratic pump was used for elution. The flow rate was maintained at 1.2 ml/min and eluents were monitored at 215 nm which is evaluated by sharp peak. Results: The retention times of canagliflozin and metformin were 3.4 min and 12.7 min respectively and showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 40-200 µg/ml of Canagliflozin have found a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and 10-50 µg/ml of Metformin with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The average percent recoveries were found to be 98.60% and 98.90% respectively for Canagliflozin and Metformin. The developed method follows all the validation parameters like accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and solution stability. Conclusion: The proposed method was found to provide faster retention time with sharp resolution with linearity at a lowest concentration as compared to previous methods and this method is validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied to the simultaneous estimation of Canagliflozin and metformin in bulk and dosage forms. There was no such novel method for simultaneous estimation of Canagliflozin and metformin. Hence the developed method is suitable for industrial analysis of Canagliflozin and metformin with eco-friendly,green and less expensive solvent

ORAL CONTROL RELEASE MICROPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY STUDY OF ACECLOFENAC USING NATURAL POLYMER

Objective: The present study was to prepare controlled release microsphere of aceclofenac using sodium alginate as a natural polymer.Methods: Microspheres of the Aceclofenac sodium by ionotropic gelation technique using sodium alginate as hydrophilic carrier and three differentcross-linking agent in various proportions and different condition drying, and examines the influences of various process such as drugs polymer ratio,different concentration of cross linkage agents, drying condition, and cross-linking time on physicochemical properties of drug loaded microbeads.Results: Formulated drug loaded microbeads were investigated for physicochemical properties and drug release potential. All investigated propertiesshowed satisfactory results. While increasing in the concentration of sodium alginate, and barium chloride cross-linking time increased sphericity, sizedistribution, flow properties, mean particle size, swelling ratio, and drug entrapment efficiency. No significant effect of drug polymer interactions wasobserved in Fourier transform infrared studies. The drug entrapment efficiency obtained in the range of 97.59-99.88. The particle size of drug loadedformulations was measured by an optical microscope. The mean particle size of drug-loaded microbeads was found to be in the range 948.555±1.673to 998.41±0.428. The shape and surface characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy using gold sputter technique. In-vitro drugrelease profile of aceclofenac sodium from microbeads was examined in simulated gastric fluid pH 1.2 for initial 2 hrs mixed phosphate buffer pH 6.8up to 6 hrs and simulated intestinal pH 7.4 at the end of 24 hrs studies. The release of drug from the microbeads was pH dependent, showed negligibledrug release in pH 1.2. Under pH 7.4 conditions the beads will swell, and the drug release depends on the swelling and erosion process resulting theoptimum level of drug released in a sustained manner and exhibited zero-order kinetics.Conclusion: Result of studies this system was able to prolong the drug release, minimizing the drug-related adverse effects and improve bioavailabilityin different GI-tract conditions.Keywords: Controlled drug delivery, Aceclofenac sodium, Sodium alginate, Ionotropic gelation

Traditional Phytotherapy used in the Treatment of Malaria by Rural People of Bhopal, District of Madhya Pradesh, India

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and transmitted through female Anopheles mosquito. The disease is common in rural areas. Although a number of synthetic medicines have been used for the treatment of malaria, but they have adverse effects and their high cost is beyond the reach of common people. It is, therefore, worthwhile to look towards antimalarial herbal drugs. Herbal drugs are cheaper, easily available and with no fear of any side effects. The present paper enumerates the herbs used in malaria by the rural people of Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India

Automedicación durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en pobladores de Buenos Aires de Cayma en los meses de julio y agosto, Arequipa - Perú 2021

En este presente trabajo se buscó identificar la prevalencia de la automedicación, las nuevas causas y características de la automedicación durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en los pobladores de Buenos Aires de Cayma. Para estos se formuló una encuesta con 25 preguntas, esta encuesta fue debidamente validada por tres expertos. El tamaño de muestra es de 384 pobladores esto debido a que Buenos Aires de Cayma cuenta con 3 sectores (A, B y C), se tomaron 128 encuestas de cada sector garantizando la homogeneidad de los datos. Una vez concluida la toma de la encuesta se pasó a procesar los datos mediante el programa IBM SPSS statistic versión 25 en español, elaborando la base de datos y el análisis estadístico mediante chi cuadrado (coeficiente de Pearson), y algunos gráficos se realizaron con el programa de Microsoft Excel versión 16.51. Concluyendo que la prevalencia de la automedicación en Buenos Aires de Cayma es de 41.40%, esta es mayor en personas de 41-50 años, con instrucción superior e independientes aumentando la prevalencia si las personas poseen estudios en Salud. La frecuencia de automedicación durante la pandemia es de 1 vez cada 2-5 meses, y un 1.3% de la población que no se automedicaban antes de la pandemia. Los fármacos más empleados son: Antigripales, analgésicos y antibióticos esto para tratar afecciones respiratorias como principal consecuencia que conlleva a la automedicación. El miedo a contagiarse de COVID-19 y contar con la información suficiente para tratar sus síntomas resultan ser las nuevas causas de automedicación durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Siendo los medios de comunicación como la Tv y radio los que proporcionan más información. Los pobladores que se automedican en Buenos Aires de Cayma conocen las consecuencias de automedicarse. Concluyo que este trabajo de investigación concuerda con algunos trabajos similares con respecto al tema de la automedicación, siendo de suma importancia destacar las nuevas consecuencias que conllevan a la automedicación en épocas de pandemia del COVID-19. Siendo estas: El miedo a contagiarse en los establecimientos de salud y contar con la información suficiente para tratar sus síntomas, este último tema es muy delicado ya que como la OMS advierte la INFODEMIA es de gran riesgo a nivel mundial. Palabras claves

Anthelmintic Activity of a Polyherbal Preparation

The present study was done with the aim to investigate the anthelmintic activity of polyherbal formulation containing herbs Thespesia populnea (bark), Terminalia alata (bark), Clematis triloba (roots) and Ceratophyllum demersum (leaves) using adult earthworm Pheritima posthuma. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of the crude drug of different concentration were tested which involve determination of paralysis time and time to kill the worms. Piperazine citrate was used as standard and it was found that the PHF ethanolic extract activity is higher than PHF aqueous extract

SOME COUPLED COINCIDENCE AND COMMON COUPLED FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN COMPLEX-VALUED METRIC SPACES

The aim of this paper is to obtain a coupled coincidence point theorem and a common coupled fixed point theorem of contractive type mappings involving rational expressions in the frame work of a complex-valued metric spaces. The results of this paper generalize and extend the results of Bhaskar and Lakhmikantham [7], Azam et al [3] and several known results in complex-valued metric spaces

An Energy Efficient and Cost Reduction based Hybridization Scheme for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) over the Internet of Things (IoT)

Wireless networks are viewed as the best-used network and specifically Portable Specially Appointed Organizations (MANETs) have tracked down numerous applications for its information transmission progressively. The plan issues in this organization are to confine the utilization of energy while communicating data and give security to the hubs. Soa protocol needs to be energy efficient to avoid network failures. Thereby this paper brings an effective energy efficient to optimize LEAR and make it energy efficient. The energy-mindfulness element is added to the LEAR guiding convention in this work using the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization method (BPSO). The recommended method selects programmes taking into account course length in addition to the programme level of energy when predicting the future. To get good results, the steered challenge is first designed using LEAR. The next step is to choose a route that enhances the weighting capability of the study hours and programming power used.This MANET has been secured using the cryptographic method known as AES.According to experimental findings, the proposed hybrid version outperformed other cutting-edge models