Normative range of blood biochemical parameters in urban Indian school-going adolescents.

Adolescence is the most critical phase of human growth that radically alters physiology of the body and wherein any inconsistency can lead to serious health consequences in adulthood. The timing and pace at which various developmental events occur during adolescence is highly diverse and thus results in a drastic change in blood biochemistry. Monitoring the physiological levels of various biochemical measures in ample number of individuals during adolescence can call up for an early intervention in managing metabolic diseases in adulthood. Today, only a couple of studies in different populations have investigated blood biochemistry in a small number of adolescents however, there is no comprehensive biochemical data available worldwide. In view, we performed a cross-sectional study in a sizeable group of 7,618 Indian adolescents (3,333 boys and 4,285 girls) aged between 11-17 years to inspect the distribution of values of common biochemical parameters that generally prevails during adolescence and we observed that various parameters considerably follow the reported values from different populations being 3.56-6.49mmol/L (fasting glucose), 10.60-199.48pmol/L (insulin), 0.21-3.22nmol/L (C-peptide), 3.85-6.25% (HbA1c), 2.49-5.54mmol/L (total cholesterol), 1.16-3.69mmol/L (LDL), 0.78-1.85mmol/L (HDL), 0.33-2.24mmol/L (triglycerides), 3.56-11.45mmol/L (urea), 130.01-440.15μmol/L (uric acid) and 22.99-74.28μmol/L (creatinine). Barring LDL and triglycerides, all parameters differed significantly between boys and girls (p< 0.001). Highest difference was seen for uric acid (p = 1.3 x10-187) followed by C-peptide (p = 6.6 x10-89). Across all ages during adolescence, glycemic and nitrogen metabolites parameters varied markedly with gender. Amongst lipid parameters, only HDL levels were found to be significantly associated with gender following puberty (p< 0.001). All parameters except urea, differed considerably in obese and lean adolescents (p< 0.0001). The present study asserts that age, sex and BMI are the essential contributors to variability in blood biochemistry during adolescence. Our composite data on common blood biochemical measures will benefit future endeavors to define reference intervals in adolescents especially when the global availability is scarce

Common variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 genes confer disease susceptibility in patients with chronic pancreatitis

A recent Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) identified association with variants in X-linked CLDN2 and MORC4 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci with Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) in North American patients of European ancestry. We selected 9 variants from the reported GWAS and replicated the association with CP in Indian patients by genotyping 1807 unrelated Indians of Indo-European ethnicity, including 519 patients with CP and 1288 controls. The etiology of CP was idiopathic in 83.62% and alcoholic in 16.38% of 519 patients. Our study confirmed a significant association of 2 variants in CLDN2 gene (rs4409525—OR 1.71, P = 1.38 x 10-09; rs12008279—OR 1.56, P = 1.53 x 10-04) and 2 variants in MORC4 gene (rs12688220—OR 1.72, P = 9.20 x 10-09; rs6622126—OR 1.75, P = 4.04x10-05) in Indian patients with CP. We also found significant association at PRSS1-PRSS2 locus (OR 0.60; P = 9.92 x 10-06) and SAMD12-TNFRSF11B (OR 0.49, 95% CI [0.31–0.78], P = 0.0027). A variant in the gene MORC4 (rs12688220) showed significant interaction with alcohol (OR for homozygous and heterozygous risk allele -14.62 and 1.51 respectively, P = 0.0068) suggesting gene-environment interaction. A combined analysis of the genes CLDN2 and MORC4 based on an effective risk allele score revealed a higher percentage of individuals homozygous for the risk allele in CP cases with 5.09 fold enhanced risk in individuals with 7 or more effective risk alleles compared with individuals with 3 or less risk alleles (P = 1.88 x 10-14). Genetic variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 genes were associated with CP in Indian patients

МЕТОДЫ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ СЕТЕЙ

A computer network can be considered as a system of mass service, in which as applications are moved information frames. Receiving the information frame, working station may use the received data for transfer to the end user. The resulting information frame is the same portion of data or signal, which is necessary for the organization distributed computing.The article describes the methods of simulation processes for transfer data in computer networks, methods of traffic analysis computer network and the procedure of selection of the optimal configuration topology computer network for the distributed computing.Considered modeling techniques can be used when building a computer network models using specialized software, or they can be implemented as a program, written in procedural or object-oriented programming language.Компьютерная сеть можно рассматривать как систему массового обслуживания, в которых в качестве приложения перемещаются информационных кадров. Получение информационного кадра, работает станция может использовать полученные данные для передачи конечному пользователю. Полученная информация кадра тот же часть данных или сигнала, что необходимо для организации распределенной статья computing.The описывает методы моделирования процессов переноса данных в компьютерных сетях, методы анализа трафика компьютерной сети, а также порядок отбора из Оптимальная конфигурация компьютера топология сети для распределенных computing.Considered методов моделирования могут быть использованы при создании компьютерной сети модели с помощью специализированного программного обеспечения, или они могут быть реализованы в виде программы, написанной в процедурных или объектно-ориентированном языке программирования

Are Medical Undergraduates Involved in Research? : A Cross Sectional Study in a Government Medical College in Telangana

Background: Research experience gained by the medical students during their undergraduate days plays a major role in their attitude towards research during the postgraduate period. Medical students have a limited understanding on research and translation of theory into practical is neglected in medical curriculum of developing world. This study aims at assessing the knowledge, attitude and barriers towards conducting research among the medical undergraduates of a government medical college in Telangana. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 171 third year medical students of Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana from August to October 2021. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-20.0 and descriptive statistics were used to summarize it. Results: Out of 171 students, more than 90% of them had poor knowledge on research and 67.1% were interested in research. Only 2.3% have conducted research projects. Lack of guidance (89.5%), lack of knowledge (86.5%) and lack of time (48%) are some of the barriers faced by the students. Conclusion: This study revealed that students are having poor knowledge despite of having positive attitude towards research. Training of faculties, adequate motivation and guidance are needed to improve the indulgence of students in research activities

Study of resistivity of amorphous binary alloy using mode-coupling method

39-45The mode-coupling approximation in electron-phonon interaction, which has opened a new approach for the description of electrical transport in high resistor conductors, liquid transition metals and strongly disordered systems has been extended to solid amorphous binary alloys. A simplified expression for electrical conductivity of amorphous alloys has been obtained in terms of current relaxation kernel and density relaxation kernel by adding electron-phonon coupling term in the Hamiltonian. The structure factor is allowed to vary with temperature and the product of the coupling coefficient with the static structure factor has been replaced by the T-matrix in Born approximation as in extended Ziman-Evans model. A modified formula purporting variation of packing fraction with temperature and concentration has been used to derive the TCR. The same form of packing fraction has been used for structure factors as well. Also the thermoelectric power has been calculated to verify Mooij law and study its variation with temperature. The case study of NixP1-x alloy with x=0.85 and 0.75 has been undertaken and results tested for valence values z =1.03, 1.10, 1.21 at x=.85 and z =1.28, 1.33 at x=.75 with atomic volumes 75.5, 76.60 au. It has been found that the model satisfies the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively

ON PROSPECTS FOR DESIGN OF STANDALONE SMART ROBOTS BASED ON MIVAR TECHNOLOGIES

The article is dedicated to the prospects for design of standalone smart robots based on MIVAR accumulation and logical data processing technologies. It is proposed to use MIVAR technologies for development of new generation standalone robots in such areas as text comprehension and natural language understanding, image recognition, expertise systems and behavior planning. The article also deals with the role of artificial intelligence and intelligent technologies in robotics. The key approaches to design of artificial intelligence (AI) have been reviewed. It is important to emphasize that MIVARbased technologies are used in robotics and have been implemented in UNIKUM project and in Murom-ISP project. The article also reviews Razumator KESMI software product (Wi! Mi), which is as well based on MIVR technologies and makes it possible to process more than 5 million of production rules per centisecond, which satisfies the real-time requirements for control systems of standalone smart robots

High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among primary school children, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2015

Abstract Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections often affect the poorest and most deprived communities. In order to generate reliable data for planning a school based deworming program, we conducted a survey among primary school children studying in government schools in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The objectives of our survey were to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH infections. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children studying in 130 primary schools from 9 agro-climatic zones, during May – August 2015. Information about socio-demographic details, defecation and hand-hygiene practices, and stool samples were collected from the school children. Stool samples were examined using the Kato-Katz method. Results Stool samples from 6421 school children were examined. The overall weighted prevalence of any STH in the State was 75.6% (95% CI: 71.2–79.5). The prevalence was more than 50% in six of the nine agro-climatic zones. A. lumbricoides was the most prevalent STH (prevalence: 69.6%), followed by hookworm (prevalence: 22.6%) and T. trichura (4.6%). The majority of the STH infections were of low intensity. The practice of open defecation and not washing hands with soap after defecation and residence in kutcha house were significant risk factors of STH infection. Conclusions STH prevalence among primary school children in Uttar Pradesh was high. Given the WHO guidelines on deworming frequency according to STH prevalence, Govt of Uttar Pradesh needs to implement a school-based deworming program with bi-annual frequency. The findings of our survey would also help monitor the performance of school based deworming programme