A Study on Cegana Vatham (சகன வாதம்)

AIM AND OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study is to do a clinical study on the course of the disease ceganavatham with known observation on the aetiology, pathology, diagnosis, complications and the treatmental aspects using a time honoured siddha drugs Kadukkai Choornam as on internal medicine and Yearandathylam as an external medicine. The present study includes the following. 1. Collection and detailed study of various siddha and modern literatures dealing with aetiology sings and symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, complications and treatment of Cegana Vatham. 2. To have an idea of the incidence of the disease with reference to sex, age, habit, occupation, income, social status etc. 3. To have a clinical trial with some specific time honoured siddha drugs. 4. To ascertain the extent of correlation of aetiology, sings and symptoms of Cegana Vatham is siddha system with “Cervical spondylosis” a Clinical entity in the modern medicine. 5. To evaluate the Biochemical and pharmacological actions of the trial medicines. SUMMARY: Twenty cases with Cegana vatham were diagnosed clinically based on the saint Yugi 800 and admitted in the In Patient ward of Post Graduate Department of Sirappu Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai and treated with the trial medicine. • Before starting the treatment, careful detailed history was carried out and recorded for the 20 selected cases. • The various Siddha aspects of examination of the disease were carried out and data were recorded in the proforma. • Laboratory diagnosis of Cegana vatham was done by modern methods of investigation. • The trial medicine chosen for both internal and external treatment were Kadukkai chooranam 1gram twice a day for fifteen days as per the severity of the disease and Yearanda Thylam external application. • During the period of treatment all the patients were put under pathiyam(A special dietary regimen) • A periodical laboratory investigation was made for all the cases along with the radiological investigation. • The observations made during the clinical study shows that the main internal drug Kadukkai chooranam is clinically effective. • Though there was appreciable clinical improvement, there was not much remarkable radiographic changes. • Along with medication ,the patients were advised over their dietary habits and to practice yoga and simple exercises. • The advantage of the selected drugs were listed as, • The drugs were found to be free from adverse effects. • The raw materials were available in almost all season. • And finally it is economic. These merits were essential in promoting this drug in future globally. CONCLUSION: All the twenty patients were treated for this dissertation work with Kadukkai Chooranam 1 gram twice a day with butter milk or honey and Yearanda Thylam externally. The results were observed as, Improvement effect - 40%, Clinical cure - 25%, Marked effect - 35%. This result of the clinical trial illustrates the fruitful effect of the drugs. Hence these drugs and methodology of the treatment will become one of the milestones in treating Cegana Vatha patients in future

Potential drug target from breast milk Lactobacillus against vaginal pathogens

The term “Probiotics” refers to the micro-organisms that confers health benefits to hosts when administered in adequate amounts. In this work, Lactobacillus was isolated from breast milk of  a 26 yr old women and was treated against vaginal pathogens by varying in different concentration (50µl, 40µl and 30µl). Identification of Lactobacillus was carried out by motility, gram staining and biochemical test. The antibacterial effects of the Lactobacillus against vaginal pathogens were carried out by disc Agar diffusion method and Antibiotic sensitivity test was also analyzed for the pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of the sample revealed that the Lactobacillus isolated from breast milk showed significant effectively against vaginal pathogens especially higher for Klebsiella pneumonia. GC-MS was carried out to identify bioactive compounds, followed by the identification of novel bioactive compounds in the corresponding fraction. The main aim is to assess the probiotic nature of Lactobacillus in preventing cervical pathogens by studying the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity against vaginal pathogens by identifying the effective compounds by GC-MS and they may widened up the panorama in research and may act as a promising natural human source based drug in medical field without taking any chemical drugs which cause side effects

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF INDIAN MAHAGONI PLANT EXTRACT BY TRANSDERMAL THERAPY

 Objective: Most of the medicinal products are originated from nature and considered as a rich source for producing herbal drugs with modern approach. Swietenia mahagoni is one of the most important plants of the Meliaceae family. This plant has been reported to treat diabetes without adverse effects by local communities since long time. The present work is aimed on the transdermal therapy using seed extract of S. mahagoni in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in male Wistar rats.Methods: The induction of diabetic state by STZ injection and the biochemical analyses such as blood glucose, serum protein, albumin, cholesterol, urea, and alkaline phosphatase was monitored before and after treatment.Results: This present study showed there was a significant (p<0.01) increase in the blood glucose level in diabetics, as well as, diabetics treated with insulin transdermally. However, there was significant reduction (p<0.05) in the hyperglycemic state in diabetic animal, which is transdermally treated with seed extract.Conclusion: Thus, the results showed that this type of drug delivery could provide a pain-free physiological insulin balance among the patients

An Introduction to Fuzzy Testing of Multialternative Hypotheses for Group of Samples with the Single Parameter: Through the Fuzzy Confidence Interval of Region of Acceptance

Classical statistics and many data mining methods rely on "statistical significance" as a sole criterion for evaluating alternative hypotheses. It is very useful to find out the significant difference existing between the samples as well as the population or between two samples. But in this paper, the researchers try to apply the concepts of fuzzy group testing of hypothesis problem between multi group of samples of same size or different, through comparing the parameters like mean, standard deviation, and so forth. Hence we can compare multigroups such that they have the significant difference in their mean or standard deviation or other parameters through the fuzzy group testing of multihypotheses. The authors introduced and investigated the concepts very first time through fuzzy analysis that can decide which group(s) or samples can be taken for further investigation and either 0 is rejected or accepted and hence the next discussion provides the properties of group of samples which may result in the optimized solution for the problem

6′-Amino-3′-methyl-2-oxo-1′-phenyl-1′,3a′,4′,7a′-tetra­hydrospiro­[1H-indole-3(2H),4′-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrazole]-5′-carbonitrile

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C21H15N5O2, the planar indolone unit and the pyran ring are almost perpendicular to each other [dihedral angle = 89.41 (2)°], and the pyrazole and phenyl rings are oriented at an angle of 25.74 (1)°. The mol­ecular packing is stabilized by inter- and intra­molecular C—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds

Nitrogen-doped carbon coated ZeO2 as a support to Pt nanoparticles in the oxygen reduction reaction

A new nitrogen-doped carbon (CNx) support for Pt electrocatalysts was prepared by carbonizing polypyrrole on the surface of ZrO2 (ZrO2@CNx) at high temperature. Well-dispersed Pt nanoparticles were easily formed on the ZrO2@CNx. The electrocatalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, XPS. The electrochemical performances indicate that the presence of ZrO2 modified the electro-structure of Pt on the catalyst surface and that ZrO2@CNx had superior oxygen reduction activity compared to a nitrogen-doped carbon coated carbon (C@CNx).Web of Scienc

The Theory of the Major Theological Principles of Eight Anthologies

The creation of God is the belief that we will be safe by creating rituals and temples that are sacrificed by men who are afraid of the fury of nature. They also gave their hunting tools to the gods who created it and also established idolatry. Among the gods that were so, there is a dual ity of the small god. At first, the small deities were worshipped on the border of the village as a place where the dead ancestors lived as people. This is called the Guardian Goddess. The great deities are considered to be the deity of every deity shown in Thelly. The difference between the minor gods and the great gods does not appear to have been in the Sangam literature. However, it is a discretion to match the definition of today. In the society where the dead were usually the middle stones, the stones became worship. The study is the only small-sighted cult of the four temples that were built for the king, the deceased, the dead from the north, the life of the goddess, the king and the living

Carbon-Supported Palladium–Polypyrrole Nanocomposite for Oxygen Reduction and Its Tolerance to Methanol

Carbon-supported palladium–polypyrrole Pd–PPy/C nanocomposite was synthesized by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole and reduction of palladium(II) precursor salt in the presence of Vulcan XC-72R. The Pd–PPy/C composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The XRD analysis of Pd–PPy/C shows the formation of the face-centered cubic structure of Pd particles and the mean particle size calculated from TEM was 5.3 2.0 nm. The electrochemical stability of Pd–PPy/C was examined by cyclic voltammetry in an acid solution. The thermal stability and Pd loading in the composite was assessed using TGA. The introduction of Pd in the conducting PPy/C matrix gives better catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction with resistance to methanol oxidation. This was further elucidated by the XPS analysis showing d-band vacancy that is attributed to metal–polymer interaction. From the polarization studies, it is observed that even in the presence of methanol there is no significant cathodic shift in the half-wave potential, revealing that Pd–PPy/C is tolerant to methanol. Rotating ring disk electrode studies show that there is only a negligible quantity of hydrogen peroxide produced in the potential region where its production is expected to be high. This confirms that Pd–PPy/C catalyzes reduction of oxygen directly to water through a four-electron pathway