Sizing and Energy Management of a Hybrid Locomotive Based on Flywheel and Accumulators

The French National Railways Company (SNCF) is interested in the design of a hybrid locomotive based on various storage devices (accumulator, flywheel, and ultracapacitor) and fed by a diesel generator. This paper particularly deals with the integration of a flywheel device as a storage element with a reduced-power diesel generator and accumulators on the hybrid locomotive. First, a power flow model of energy-storage elements (flywheel and accumulator) is developed to achieve the design of the whole traction system. Then, two energy-management strategies based on a frequency approach are proposed. The first strategy led us to a bad exploitation of the flywheel, whereas the second strategy provides an optimal sizing of the storage device. Finally, a comparative study of the proposed structure with a flywheel and the existing structure of the locomotive (diesel generator, accumulators, and ultracapacitors) is presented

Integrated optimal design of a hybrid locomotive with multiobjective genetic algorithms

In this paper, the Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) approach for energetic system design is discussed. IOD aims at concurrently optimizing the architecture, the element sizing and the energy management in an energetic system. IOD leads to complex optimization problems (typically mixed variable problems with several constraints and multiple objectives) which can be solved with direct optimization methods. We illustrate the interest of this approach through the design of a hybrid environmentally friendly locomotive moved by four DC motors supplied by a diesel engine generator in association with electric storage elements (batteries and ultracapacitors)

Energy management and sizing of a hybrid locomotive

The French national railways company (SNCF) is involved in a new project which aims at investigating and testing energy efficient and environmentally friendly traction systems of a hybrid locomotive called LHyDIE. This paper presents a new methodology for the hybrid electric vehicle design which exploits an energy management strategy based on a frequency approach. In particular, the design of the LHyDIE prototype and the energy management strategy implemented aboard are presented. The study mainly focuses on the battery and supercapacitor sizing taking account of the intrinsic energetic characteristics of these sources (i.e. energy and power densities, typical operating frequency) in the energy management strategy. The analysis of feasible configurations of the traction device determined in compliance with the battery stress, the system cost and the diesel oil consumption criteria and volume constraints is presented

Les esclaves des tombes néolithiques

International audienc

High frequency monitoring of pesticides in runoff water to improve understanding of their transport and environmental impacts

International audienceRainfall-induced peaks in pesticide concentrations can occur rapidly. Low frequency sampling may therefore largely underestimate maximum pesticide concentrations and fluxes. Detailed storm-based sampling of pesticide concentrations in runoff water to better predict pesticide sources, transport pathways and toxicity within the headwater catchments is lacking. High frequency monitoring (2 min) of seven pesticides (Dimetomorph, Fluopicolide, Glyphosate, Iprovalicarb, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole and Triadimenol) and one degradation product (AMPA) were assessed for 20 runoff events from 2009 to 2012 at the outlet of a vineyard catchment in the Layon catchment in France. The maximum pesticide concentrations were 387 μg L− 1. Samples from all of the runoff events exceeded the legal limit of 0.1 μg L− 1 for at least one pesticide (European directive 2013/39/EC). High resolution sampling used to detect the peak pesticide levels revealed that Toxic Units (TU) for algae, invertebrates and fish often exceeded the European Uniform principles (25%). The point and average (time or discharge-weighted) concentrations indicated up to a 30- or 4-fold underestimation of the TU obtained when measuring the maximum concentrations, respectively. This highlights the important role of sampling methods for assessing peak exposure. High resolution sampling combined with concentration-discharge hysteresis analyses revealed that clockwise responses were predominant (52%), indicating that Hortonian runoff is the prevailing surface runoff trigger mechanism in the study catchment. The hysteresis patterns for suspended solids and pesticides were highly dynamic and storm- and chemical-dependent. Intense rainfall events induced stronger C-Q hysteresis (magnitude). This study provides new insights into the complexity of pesticide dynamics in runoff water and highlights the ability of hysteresis analysis to improve understanding of pesticide supply and transport

Etude de la contribution de la fraction instable des sols dans le transfert du glyphosate

Date du colloque&nbsp;: 2013</p

Transport particulaire des résidus de pesticides vers les eaux de surfaces

Date du colloque&nbsp;: 2014</p

Transfert des produits phytosanitaires vers les eaux de surface : suivi d’un petit bassin versant viticole des Coteaux du Layon

Date du colloque&nbsp;: 2012</p

Etude de la contribution de la fraction instable des sols dans le transfert du glyphosate

Date du colloque&nbsp;: 2013</p