"A stressful and frightening experience"? : children's nurses' perceived readiness to care for children with cancer following pre-registration nurse education : a qualitative study

Background In the UK children with cancer are cared for by children’s nurses in a variety of settings, specialist and non-specialist. Whilst post-registration specialist education is available to some nurses, many nurses rely solely on pre-registration education to competently care for these children. This study explores whether nurses perceive that this adequately prepares them. Objectives To explore the extent to which qualified nurses perceive that pre-registration nurse education prepares them to care for children with cancer; to consider the implications for children’s nursing pre-registration curricula. Design A small-scale qualitative study was undertaken using an interpretivist approach. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six qualified children’s nurses in two clinical areas - a specialist children’s cancer inpatient ward, and a general children’s ward where inpatients included children with cancer. Results Findings are discussed in relation to three emergent themes: Learning in Theory and Practice, Care of the Child and Family, and Resilience. Participants attached significance to the quantity and quality of practice experience. They reflected on barriers to specific and transferable theoretical learning and stressed the importance of integrating theory and practice. Understanding of family-centred care formed a significant part of their preparation. Preconceptions, communication with families and the emotional impact of this speciality were stressful. Improved pre-registration preparation may have developed participants’ resilience. Conclusion The complexities of caring for children with cancer and their families require well-prepared nurses. Participants’ perceptions of preparedness were influenced by aspects of pre-registration education. Their experiences suggest that curricula should be practice-focused and include a range of placements. Specialist theoretical content must be integrated with practice and transferability of knowledge and skills made explicit. Reflection and problem-based learning may foster coping mechanisms and resilience that will equip them to care for children with cancer

エイゴケン ニ オケル エンチ フミコ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

小特集 留学生から見た日本文学研

How 'significant others' may support parents with decision-making about their child's cancer care: An integrative literature review

Aim: To synthesise what is known from current international evidence about how parents are supported by significant others when they are faced with making decisions about their child's cancer care. Background: Parents are faced with making challenging decisions when their child has cancer and may benefit from support. Whilst previous research has comprehensively explored how healthcare professionals can offer support, little attention has been given to how support may be informally provided from a parent's network of significant others. Method: An integrative literature review was undertaken and reported following the ENTREQ framework. Literature was identified from comprehensive database searching across four relevant databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO and British Nursing Database) and hand-searching reference lists of retrieved studies. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised and then analysed using the Constant Comparative Analysis method. Results: Twenty-six articles were included in the review. Two overarching themes were identified. Theme 1— Dimensions of Decision-Making support— included three sub-themes: informational, emotional and instrumental mechanisms of support. Theme 2— Expectations of Decision-Making support— identified that parents’ expectations of their own role, and the role of their significant others, affected how decision-making was supported. Conclusions: Parents may seek and receive support from various significant members of their network, but there is a fine line between supportive and unsupportive behaviours. Relevance to clinical practice: Each family's unique personal, social and cultural context strongly impacts on their support needs, and nurses and other healthcare professionals should be mindful of how parents may access support from their significant others. Further indepth research around this area would contribute important knowledge around parents’ support needs

Big data and understanding change in the context of planning transport systems

This paper considers the implications of so-called ‘big data’ for the analysis, modelling and planning of transport systems. The primary conceptual focus is on the needs of the practical context of medium-term planning and decision-making, from which perspective the paper seeks to achieve three goals: (i) to try to identify what is truly ‘special’ about big data; (ii) to provoke debate on the future relationship between transport planning and big data; and (iii) to try to identify promising themes for research and application. Differences in the information that can be derived from the data compared to more traditional surveys are discussed, and the respects in which they may impact on the role of models in supporting transport planning and decision-making are identified. It is argued that, over time, changes to the nature of data may lead to significant differences in both modelling approaches and in the expectations placed upon them. Furthermore, it is suggested that the potential widespread availability of data to commercial actors and travellers will affect the performance of the transport systems themselves, which might be expected to have knock-on effects for planning functions. We conclude by proposing a series of research challenges that we believe need to be addressed and warn against adaptations based on minimising change from the status quo

Borough Market

exterior, 20178 Southwark Street, London, SE1 1TL, U

Borough Market

interior, 20178 Southwark Street, London, SE1 1TL, U

Borough Market

interior, glass roof, 20178 Southwark Street, London, SE1 1TL, U

Borough Market

interior, fruit stand, 20178 Southwark Street, London, SE1 1TL, U

Borough Market

interior, 20178 Southwark Street, London, SE1 1TL, U