8,084 research outputs found
Three Square
Three Square is an organization that helps people who are food insecure.https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/educ_sys_202/1099/thumbnail.jp
Teachers' perspectives of gender differences in the social behaviours of preschool children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education at Massey University, Manawatƫ, New Zealand
The present research study explored early childhood teachersâ perspectives about social
behaviours and gender in young children, in particular the way in which childrenâs
gender related to teachersâ reports of the prevalence of, perspectives about, and
strategies used in response to childrenâs social behaviours. The specific social behaviours
examined within this study were prosocial behaviours, social leadership, social
dominance, and aggressive behaviours. This study was designed within an interpretivist
and pragmatic epistemology, and used a mixed methods online survey to investigate
teachersâ perspectives. The online survey was comprised of four sections:
demographics; defining social behaviours and their traits; social behaviour scenarios;
and gender and Te WhÄriki. To allow investigation of differential responses related to
gender, two versions of the survey were created where the gender of the child portrayed
in the social behaviour scenarios differed across survey versions. The gendered
scenarios were used to gather data on whether there was a difference in teachersâ
perspectives about and the teaching strategies used for childrenâs social behaviours
based on the gender of the children involved. The majority of the responses to the
survey indicated that the teachers identified there to be little difference in the display
of social behaviours in young children based on childrenâs gender. However, the two
social behaviours which were reported by the teachers as having the most differences
based on gender were social leadership and aggression. The teachersâ strategies
identified in the findings showed that there was some difference in teaching strategies
used based on the childrenâs gender, specifically in the areas of social dominance and
aggression. The findings provide a snapshot of the way in which teachers define and
interpret social behaviours, and suggest that gender plays a limited, but still potentially
significant role in the teaching practices they chose to adopt in a variety of scenarios.
The teacherâs acknowledged the importance of ensuring gender equity in their practices,
but findings suggest that further support may be needed to aid in the delivery of
equitable practices
Unemployment in the Great Recession: single parents and men hit hard
This brief discusses the sweeping impact the Great Recession has had on Americans, particularly men, single parents, young adults, and people with less education. Using data from the 2007 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey, the authors report that unemployment is highest among men and among unmarried adults, regardless of place or parenting status. Although this was also true before the recession, gaps between men and women, and the unmarried and married, have widened considerably during the recession. Also during the Great Recession, unemployment rose more in central cities and suburban places than in rural places, perhaps because rural unemployment was already high prior to the start of the recession
Full Disclosure: Why Bank Transparency Matters
This report seeks to reinvigorate the debate on bank disclosure in the UK and to create a better understanding of why it should be demanded of banks. This analysis is carried out through detailed case studies comparing Charter One Bank in Chicago in the US where banks have disclosed local lending practices since 1975- with its parent company Royal Bank of Scotland in Manchester to review the level of information available and the impact that this has. To do this we evaluate the available information on small-business lending, bank branch availability and basic bank account opening in underserved areas of Manchester. Our analysis indicates that data on these factors is generally difficult to obtain, inconsistent, and in many cases incomplete
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Multigenerational depression and anxiety influence maternal measures of stress during pregnancy
Objective: The strongest risk factor for depression during pregnancy is a history of depression, and depression and anxiety during pregnancy can lead to adverse maternal, birth, and early childhood outcomes. There is a research gap in multigenerational studies that examine the influence of heredity on the development of maternal mood disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The purpose of our research was to determine if a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and/or anxiety in the pregnant womanâs mother (maternal grandmother, or MGM) predicts the same psychiatric illness in the pregnant woman and if a family history of depression and/or anxiety correlates with maternal and fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis function, as represented by hair cortisol. We also sought to determine if a family history of psychiatric illness correlates with maternal and fetal hair cortisol concentration and maternal scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Methods: Pregnant participants â„18 years old without major psychiatric or physical comorbidities were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study at â€15 weeks gestation. Family history of psychiatric illness was abstracted from a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID), conducted during a scheduled study visit. Maternal diagnoses of MDD and anxiety were compared with the MGMâs psychiatric history. CES-D and STAI scores for participants who had a MGM with depression and/or anxiety were compared with participants who had no family history of psychiatric illness. Maternal hair was collected at 16 and 28 weeks and maternal and fetal (neonatal) hair was collected following delivery for cortisol analysis.
Results: 153 participants in the study had data for analysis. Of these, 40% met criteria for MDD and 24% for an anxiety disorder (including PTSD) as determined by SCID. CES-D and STAI scores for participants with a history of MDD and/or anxiety in the MGM were higher compared to participants with no family history of psychiatric illness (p=0.02 and p=0.005), and these scores corresponded with the respective scales (CES-D for MDD and STAI for anxiety). A history of depression and/or anxiety in the MGM was not significantly correlated with maternal HPA axis function as represented by hair cortisol.
Conclusion: History of MDD and/or anxiety in the MGM is associated with maternal scores on the CES-D and STAI that are consistent with depression and anxiety. A history of depression and/or anxiety in the MGM also predicts the same psychiatric illness in the pregnant participant. Healthcare providers must consider family history of psychiatric illness to improve recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of depression and anxiety during prenatal and postpartum care
Recovery Method for Mites Discovered in Mummified Human Tissue
Much like other arthropods, mites have been discovered in a wide variety of forensic and archaeological contexts featuring mummified remains. Their accurate identification has assisted forensic scientists and archaeologists in determining environmental, depositional, and taphonomic conditions that surrounded the mummified remains after death. Consequently, their close association with cadavers has led some researchers to intermittently advocate for the inclusion of mites in archaeological site analyses and forensic case studies. However, despite their potential value, mites have been underutilized with a variety of reasons for the lack of inclusion of mites in archaeological and forensic analyses. Chief amongst these reasons is the lack of a systematic method for extracting mite specimens from recovered remains, the absence of methods available to archaeologists and forensic scientists that can aid in specimen identification, and the difficulty of specimen identification. The purpose of this thesis is to present a unified method for sampling, recovering, and mounting mite specimens that have been recovered from mummified human tissue. The goal is, when used together, these methods will significantly reduce barriers often encountered by archaeologists and forensic scientists seeking to incorporate mites into archaeological and forensic analyses. Although the scope of this research was limited to mummified human tissue, the hope is that the methods presented in this thesis will provide a way forward for forensic scientists and archaeologists interested in incorporating mites into their analyses.
Advisors: Karl Reinhard and William Belche
Entry and trafficking of human papillomavirus type 31 into human keratinocytes
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, nonenveloped double stranded DNA viruses that display a strict species and cell type tropism for human epithelial cells. The association between high-risk HPV types and cervical cancer is well established. Additionally, HPVs have been implicated as cofactors in development of several other epithelial cancer types. The difficulty associated with producing infectious HPV stocks, coupled with the complexity of detecting infection using standard virological methods has hindered research into some basic aspects of HPV biology. Recent advances have allowed for the production of high yield stocks of HPV particles for use in infectivity studies and has facilitated research on HPV cellular entry. Using a combination of fluorescent tracking and infectivity studies, we have elucidated the infectious entry pathway and trafficking of HPV31 particles following internalization into human (HKs). Upon initial attachment, HPV31 associates with lipid rafts before internalization via caveolae, a process that is dependent on dynamin-2. Virions are observed trafficking through caveosomes before transport to the endosomal pathway in a Rab5-dependent fashion. Progression through the endosomal pathway results in exposure to decreasing pH, which promotes conformational changes in the virion capsid. These changes are associated with escape of the viral genome and/or genome-L2 complex to the cytoplasm, an event necessary for trafficking to the nucleus and production of viral transcripts. This pathway represents a unique viral trafficking route. In addition to entry and trafficking events of HPV31, the research presented here elucidates signaling cascades induced during HPV31 attachment to cells and internalization, as well as cytoskeletal rearrangements observed during these events. Signaling through protein tyrosine phosphatases was found to regulate microtubule reorganization that is required for association of HPV31 particles with lipid rafts. Following lipid raft localization, several classes of cellular signaling are activated. Tyrosine kinase and phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase activation was found to be required for actin cytoskeletal rearrangements that result in filopodia formation at the cell surface. Retrograde transport of virions along filopodial projections suggests that these structures play a role in facilitating uptake of virions from the extracellular matrix of host cells and increase infection efficiency of HPV31
Tracing lines in the lawscape: Registration/pilgrimage and the sacred/secular of law/space
The aim of this paper is to draw upon sacred/secular âjourneyingâ to explore the inherent movement invoked by the stateâs documentation of the life course. In tracing this motion, the paper follows two intersecting pathways â the literal travel of those who register a life event and the figurative âjourneyingâ of legal identity. The argument develops from a case study conducted at the Beaney House of Art & Knowledge (Canterbury, UK): a museum, gallery, library, cafĂ©, community exhibition, tourist information point, and registration hub. But rather than using the building as a frame, to follow more closely the activity of registrars and citizens, I locate imaginative potential in the Beaneyâs âtessellatingâ spaces. Accordingly, the spatial account which is developed is âfictiveâ in its very nature and offers an implicit critique of a bureaucratic act of governance embedded with legal fiction. In doing so, the paper contributes to critical work on registration which deploys the language of âjourneyingâ to outline the performative force of state documentation, and more broadly, to spatial approaches which illustrate patterns of movement within the âlawscapeâ (Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, 2015). The paper argues that the âjourneyingâ of registration represents a pilgrimage, whereby individuals are âcalledâ to bureaucratic space at the centre of their local sphere, and the certificates they take with them, much like the badges of medieval pilgrims, are âtakeaway tokensâ of the state â documents which impress legal identities upon us
Position and Time: Examination of LESS Scores for Division 1 Basketball Players
The purpose of this research was to examine differences in LESS scores between frontcourt, backcourt, male, and female NCAA Division 1 basketball players and to measure any changes in LESS scores between the beginning and end of the season
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