Functional Genomics Profiling of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma MicroRNAome as a Potential Biomarker.

Though bladder urothelial carcinoma is the most common form of bladder cancer, advances in its diagnosis and treatment have been modest in the past few decades. To evaluate miRNAs as putative disease markers for bladder urothelial carcinoma, this study develops a process to identify dysregulated miRNAs in cancer patients and potentially stratify patients based on the association of their microRNAome phenotype to genomic alterations. Using RNA sequencing data for 409 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas, we examined miRNA differential expression between cancer and normal tissues and associated differentially expressed miRNAs with patient survival and clinical variables. We then correlated miRNA expressions with genomic alterations using the Wilcoxon test and REVEALER. We found a panel of six miRNAs dysregulated in bladder cancer and exhibited correlations to patient survival. We also performed differential expression analysis and clinical variable correlations to identify miRNAs associated with tobacco smoking, the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. Two miRNAs, miR-323a and miR-431, were differentially expressed in smoking patients compared to nonsmoking patients and were associated with primary tumor size. Functional studies of these miRNAs and the genomic features we identified for potential stratification may reveal underlying mechanisms of bladder cancer carcinogenesis and further diagnosis and treatment methods for urothelial bladder carcinoma

Intervenciones de Enfermería durante la atención de Puerperio Fisiológico (mediato), según normas y protocolos en el centro de salud Policlínico Trinidad Guevara Narváez, sector 2, II semestre del año 2016

Puerperio propiamente dicho (2do. al 10mo. día). Corresponde al periodo de máxima involución de los órganos genitales, de mayor derrame loquial y de instalación de la secreción láctea. En Nicaragua no se ha realizado investigación relevante que favorezca a la directiva de enfermería en mejorar la actuación de los recursos humanos el objetivo de esta investigación es relacionarlas intervenciones de enfermería durante la atención de puerperio fisiológico, con lo establecido en la normativa. Identificando las acciones de enfermería durante la atención de puerperio fisiológico, comparándolas con el cuidado aplicado durante la atención en la pacientes, realizando evaluaciones de intervenciones ejecutadas por el profesional de salud tiene un enfoque mixto de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra aleatoria simple en puerperio fisiológico mediato, realizado en el centro de salud Policlínico Trinidad Guevara Narváez, con fuentes de información de libros, relevantes a la investigación, artículos científicos, el uso de la web, y revisión de seminario de graduación. Obteniendo resultados de atención satisfactoria en: Toma de constantes vitales, consejería sobre la lactancia materna, Oferta método de planificación familiar, programación de cita de seguimiento. Conclusiones: se identificaron que las intervenciones están basadas en documentos como PAE, MOSAF, Protocolo Acogida al usuario. Según la comparación las Intervenciones de enfermería y los cuidados que realizan, están actualizados y sustentados por las normas y protocolos que rige el MINSA Nacional, la evaluación da como resultado en el primer instrumento parcialmente insatisfactorio, el segundo arroja resultados negativos en 10 de 14 actividades

Can smartwatches replace smartphones for posture tracking?

This paper introduces a human posture tracking platform to identify the human postures of sitting, standing or lying down, based on a smartwatch. This work develops such a system as a proof-of-concept study to investigate a smartwatch's ability to be used in future remote health monitoring systems and applications. This work validates the smartwatches' ability to track the posture of users accurately in a laboratory setting while reducing the sampling rate to potentially improve battery life, the first steps in verifying that such a system would work in future clinical settings. The algorithm developed classifies the transitions between three posture states of sitting, standing and lying down, by identifying these transition movements, as well as other movements that might be mistaken for these transitions. The system is trained and developed on a Samsung Galaxy Gear smartwatch, and the algorithm was validated through a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation of 20 subjects. The system can identify the appropriate transitions at only 10 Hz with an F-score of 0.930, indicating its ability to effectively replace smart phones, if needed

The Landscape of Long Non-Coding RNA Dysregulation and Clinical Relevance in Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, but few advancements in treatment options have occurred in the past few decades. This study aims to identify the most clinically relevant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to serve as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Using RNA-sequencing data from 406 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs in MIBC vs. normal tissues. We then associated lncRNA expression with patient survival, clinical variables, oncogenic signatures, cancer- and immune-associated pathways, and genomic alterations. We identified a panel of 20 key lncRNAs that were most implicated in MIBC prognosis after differential expression analysis and prognostic correlations. Almost all lncRNAs we identified are correlated significantly with oncogenic processes. In conclusion, we discovered previously undescribed lncRNAs strongly implicated in the MIBC disease course that may be leveraged for diagnostic and treatment purposes in the future. Functional analysis of these lncRNAs may also reveal distinct mechanisms of bladder cancer carcinogenesis

Identification and characterization of dysregulated P-element induced wimpy testis-interacting RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

It is clear that alcohol consumption is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated HNSCC remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins dysregulated in alcohol-associated HNSCC to elucidate their function in the development of this cancer. Using next generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from 40 HNSCC patients, the piRNA and PIWI protein expression of HNSCC samples was compared between alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers. A separate piRNA expression RNA-seq analysis of 18 non-smoker HNSCC patients was also conducted. To verify piRNA expression, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed on the most differentially expressed alcohol-associated piRNAs in ethanol and acetaldehyde-treated normal oral keratinocytes. The correlation between piRNA expression and patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimators and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. A comparison between alcohol drinking and non-drinking HNSCC patients demonstrated that a panel of 3,223 piRNA transcripts were consistently detected and differentially expressed. RNA-seq analysis and in vitro RT-qPCR verification revealed that 4 of these piRNAs, piR-35373, piR-266308, piR-58510 and piR-38034, were significantly dysregulated between drinking and non-drinking cohorts. Of these four piRNAs, low expression of piR-58510 and piR-35373 significantly correlated with improved patient survival. Furthermore, human PIWI-like protein 4 was consistently upregulated in ethanol and acetaldehyde-treated normal oral keratinocytes. These results demonstrate that alcohol consumption may cause dysregulation of piRNA expression in HNSCC and in vitro verifications identified 4 piRNAs that may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated HNSCC

Transfer of Fibres onto Knife Blades in Stabbing Events: Distribution and Determination of the Stabbing Sequence

Knives are among the weapons most frequently involved in criminal cases. They represent the most encountered category of weapons in Swiss homicide cases (completed and attempted homicides considered) and are also frequently employed in assault cases, notably bodily injuries. Whenever a knife is involved in a stabbing event, DNA and fingerprints may be sought. When garments are damaged, fibres can also be investigated. Fibres from the victim's garments might transfer onto the blade of the knife used in the assault and can thus provide useful information to determine whether a particular weapon could have be used to stab the victim. This study simulates vertical stabbings into garments with the use of a special holding device. Different types of knives and blades straight or serrated were used as weapons. Two garments presenting different shedding capacities and garment structures were also considered for the simulations. The distribution of fibres transferred onto the blade (number and position) was recorded for each simulation performed. Sequences of stabbings into the two garments were also carried out to assess whether the order of the stabs could be determined. Several parameters were considered, notably the distribution of fibres transferred onto the blade. The transfer of fibres inside the stab damage ballistic soap was used in this study and on the area near the second damage was also investigated. This study provides new insight into the interpretation of fibres transferred onto knives after a single stab or a sequence of stabbings and into determining the stabbing sequence. Finally, the study brings some guidelines for the search and recovery of fibres on the crime scene and on the blades of knives

Análisis de externalidades medio ambientales generadas por la actividad florícola en el sur del estado de méxico

La floricultura en el sur del Estado de México es la actividad más importante en el sector agrícola, tanto por la generación de empleos como por los volúmenes de producción, tan solo los municipios de Coatepec Harinas, Tenancingo y Villa Guerrero representan el 70% de la producción nacional (SAGARPA, 2015). Sin embargo, a pesar de los beneficios económicos derivados de dicha actividad, se originan externalidades positivas o negativas en los ámbitos económico, social y ambiental. Siendo este último el más significativo de los efectos derivados de la actividad florícola de la región. En México las variaciones en las condiciones ambientales han sido poco estudiadas, al igual que el impacto de ciertas actividades productivas generan hacia el medio ambiente. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar las externalidades en el medio ambiente generadas por la actividad florícola. La metodología utilizada es la modelación de los efectos en el medio ambiente dada la actividad florícola, por ello se hacen regresiones lineales de 1977 a 2015. Los modelos a nivel municipal indican, primero, que la superficie cultivada si es una variable explicativa de la temperatura, segundo que dicha superficie explica la precipitación. De esa forma, el aumento de la superficie cultivada ha llevado a una reducción en la precipitación y un aumento en la temperatura. floricultura. Se puede concluir que el cambio climático es consecuencia total o parcial en las actividades humanas, dentro de las actividades agrícolas como la floricultura la cual contribuyen de manera sustancial al cambio en las tendencias de precipitación y temperatura