The Psychosexual Counselling Tapes of Dr Joan Malleson: New Theories

The aim of this study is to facilitate use of a little-known source, The Malleson Tapes, for future researchers of the history of sexuality and of sex counselling, by offering new theories on the function and provenance of the source in historical context. The Malleson Tapes comprise eighteen recorded case studies of psychosexual counselling consultations with women and men, made by Dr. Joan Malleson in London, in winter 1955-1956. Malleson was an outspoken contraceptive advisor, sex counsellor and educator, who had been active in progressive social and medical movements, particularly the Family Planning Association [FPA], since the 1920s. Potentially, the recordings offer unique insights into the doctorpatient encounter in a psychosexual counselling situation. However, little is known about The Tapes themselves. Malleson’s son, Andrew, donated them to the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine (hereafter WL), via Hera Cook, in 2003. Prior to this, they had been in his possession since his mother died in 1956, and were unknown in academia. Cook recently presented a phenomenological appraisal on selected content from six tapes at an IHR Women’s History seminar in June 2012, but historical narratives surrounding the source overall are scant. This paper attempts to present a foundational investigation of The Tapes’ provenance and likely intended functions with a view to facilitating future research

Biological and clinical insights from genetics of insomnia symptoms

Insomnia is a common disorder linked with adverse long-term medical and psychiatric outcomes. The underlying pathophysiological processes and causal relationships of insomnia with disease are poorly understood. Here we identified 57 loci for self-reported insomnia symptoms in the UK Biobank (n = 453,379) and confirmed their effects on self-reported insomnia symptoms in the HUNT Study (n = 14,923 cases and 47,610 controls), physician-diagnosed insomnia in the Partners Biobank (n = 2,217 cases and 14,240 controls), and accelerometer-derived measures of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in the UK Biobank (n = 83,726). Our results suggest enrichment of genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and of genes expressed in multiple brain regions, skeletal muscle, and adrenal glands. Evidence of shared genetic factors was found between frequent insomnia symptoms and restless legs syndrome, aging, and cardiometabolic, behavioral, psychiatric, and reproductive traits. Evidence was found for a possible causal link between insomnia symptoms and coronary artery disease, depressive symptoms, and subjective well-being

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke — the second leading cause of death worldwide — were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis3, and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach4, we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry5. Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

According to Plan: Strategic Film Production at the London Rubber Company in the 1960s

International audienc

According to Plan: Strategic Film Production at the London Rubber Company

Special bilingual issue: Cinematograph for industries and in companies (1890-1970): history, players, uses and configurationsInternational audienceDe 1964 à 1976, le département du film éducatif de la London Rubber Company a réalisé sept films sur la contraception. Ces films ont été diffusés dans tout le pays, dans des églises, des centres de protection maternelle et infantile, des clubs des mères, des centres médicaux, ainsi que dans des prisons pour hommes et pour femmes. Ils ont comblé d’importantes lacunes dans la formation des infirmières, du personnel médical et soignant. Ces films ont également contribué à éduquer plus généralement les adultes et les enfants à la contraception, en ce qui concerne aussi bien les aspects théoriques de la reproduction et de la contraception que les questions plus pratiques. Cependant, sur un marché de la contraception en forte croissance, ces films ont aussi été un outil pour détourner le consommateur des méthodes de contraception concurrentes

According to Plan: Strategic Film Production at the London Rubber Company

De 1964 à 1976, le département du film éducatif de la London Rubber Company a réalisé sept films sur la contraception. Ces films ont été diffusés dans tout le pays, dans des églises, des centres de protection maternelle et infantile, des clubs des mères, des centres médicaux, ainsi que dans des prisons pour hommes et pour femmes. Ils ont comblé d’importantes lacunes dans la formation des infirmières, du personnel médical et soignant. Ces films ont également contribué à éduquer plus généralement les adultes et les enfants à la contraception, en ce qui concerne aussi bien les aspects théoriques de la reproduction et de la contraception que les questions plus pratiques. Cependant, sur un marché de la contraception en forte croissance, ces films ont aussi été un outil pour détourner le consommateur des méthodes de contraception concurrentes.Special bilingual issue: Cinematograph for industries and in companies (1890-1970): history, players, uses and configuration

Television, an Instrument for and a Mirror of Health and Health Services

This thematic issue of VIEW brings together articles that show how television has been an instrument for, as well as a mirror of, public service and specifically health services. Two approaches to this are featured and teased out. The first approach concerns health communication and campaigns, where information is diffused via television and strengthened or reinforced by visual and filmic means. The second concerns the structures that offer, manage and model norms of health and healthcare services. In introducing elements of the history of health, we hope to draw attention to the intersection of public health and television over the twentieth century, such that thinking about the relationship between them might change our understanding of both