Regulation of Lcn2 mRNA expression and secretion by cytokines in adipocytes.

<p>(A) the mRNA expression of Lcn2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with TNFα, IL-1β, or IL-6 at the concentration of 1 nM for 16 h. The mRNA expression levels in cytokine-treated adipocytes were normalized to the levels in control adipocytes and shown as fold changes. The results are presented as mean ± SE and represent two independent experiments. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001; * Comparison between control and treated cells. (B) Lcn2 secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with TNFα, IL-1β, or IL-6 at the concentration of 1 nM for 24 h. Conditioned media were collected and subjected to immune-blotting with the antibody against Lcn2. The results represent two independent experiments. (C) Western-blotting of Lcn2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with cytokines under the non-reducing condition.</p

The Lcn2 expression in adipose tissue depots and liver during metabolic stress.

<p>(A) the mRNA expression of Lcn2 in brown adipose tissue (BAT), epididymal adipose tissue (Epi), inguinal adipose tissue (Ing), and liver in C57/BL6 mice at 12 weeks of age during 48 h fasting. (B) Lcn2 protein expression in BAT, Epi and Ing adipose tissue in C57/BL6 mice at 12 weeks of age during 24 h fasting. (C) the mRNA expression of Lcn2 in BAT, Epi and Ing adipose tissue, and liver in C57/BL6 mice at 12 weeks of age after exposed to 22°C or 4°C for 4 h. (D) Norepinephrine induces Lcn2 expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells on day 7 of differentiation were treated with or without 1 µM norepinephrine (NE) for 24 h. Conditioned media and cells were collected and subjected to immune-blotting with the antibody against Lcn2. The mRNA expression levels in fasted and cold-adapted mice were normalized to the levels in control mice and shown as fold changes. The results are presented as mean ± SE and represent two independent experiments (n = 4–6 in each experiment). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01; * Comparison between control and fasted or cold-exposed mice.</p

Effect of fatty acids on Lcn2 expression and secretion in adipocytes.

<p>3T3-L1 adipocytes on day 7 of differentiation were treated with 100 µM BSA with or without (A) 250 µM palmitate, 400 µM oleate, (B) 400 µM EPA, or (C) 10 µM phytanic acid in low-glucose media in the presence of insulin. After 24 h, conditional media and cells were collected and subjected to western-blotting with the antibody against Lcn2. The results represent for two independent experiments.</p