11 research outputs found
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions
Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41â6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000â2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2â79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999â2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics
PerforaciĂłn yeyunal secundaria a metĂĄstasis de carcinoma mucoepidermoide pulmonar. Reporte de caso y revisiĂłn de la literatura
ResumenAntecedentesEl primer caso de perforaciĂłn intestinal por metĂĄstasis de cĂĄncer pulmonar, fue reportado en 1957. Las metĂĄstasis intestinales se reportan hasta en el 1.8% de los casos. La presentaciĂłn clĂnica mĂĄs frecuente es la obstrucciĂłn intestinal.Caso clĂnicoPaciente masculino de 89 años de edad, con antecedente de carcinoma mucoepidermoide de pulmĂłn de alto grado, de 2 meses de diagnĂłstico. Acude al hospital con cuadro clĂnico de 3 dĂas de evoluciĂłn, con dolor abdominal de tipo cĂłlico, difuso, de moderada a severa intensidad, acompañado de nĂĄuseas y vĂłmito de contenido gastrobiliar y evacuaciones melĂ©nicas en 2 ocasiones. A la exploraciĂłn fĂsica se encuentra: taquicĂĄrdico, taquipneico y con datos de abdomen agudo. Reporte de laboratorio: leucocitos 24,900 cĂ©lulas por mm3, neutrĂłfilos 87%. Se realizĂł laparotomĂa exploradora, encontrĂĄndose tumor perforado a 15cm del ĂĄngulo de Treitz. Se realizĂł resecciĂłn intestinal y anastomosis primaria. Reporte histopatolĂłgico de carcinoma mucoepidermoide de alto grado, intestino delgado y mesenterio con lĂmites quirĂșrgicos sin neoplasia. El paciente tuvo mala evoluciĂłn por desarrollar neumonĂa nosocomial, lo que resultĂł en su fallecimiento.ConclusiĂłnSon pocos los casos de metĂĄstasis intestinal reportados a nivel mundial; en MĂ©xico este es el primer caso reportado. ClĂnicamente se manifestĂł con sangrado de tubo digestivo y perforaciĂłn intestinal que requiriĂł cirugĂa de urgencia, en la que se realizĂł resecciĂłn intestinal con anastomosis primaria. Finalmente, el paciente falleciĂł por neumonĂa nosocomial.AbstractBackgroundThe first reported case of intestinal perforation secondary to metastatic lung carcinoma was reported in 1957. Intestinal metastases are present in up to 1.8% of the cases, with small bowel obstruction as the most common clinical presentation.Clinical caseAn 89 year-old male, who was diagnosed with a high-grade pulmonary mucoepidermoid tumour 2 months previously. The patient was admitted to the hospital for 3 days due to diffuse colic abdominal pain of moderate to severe intensity, accompanied by nausea and gastric vomiting, as well as 2 episodes of bloody bowel movements. On physical examination, the patient was noted to have tachycardia and tachypnoea, as well as clinical signs of acute abdomen. He had white cells of 24,900 per mm3, and 87% neutrophils. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, which showed a bowel perforation associated with a tumour mass 15cm beyond the angle of Treitz. Bowel resection and primary anastomosis were performed. The histopathological analysis reported the diagnosis of a high-grade mucoepidermoid tumour with small bowel and mesentery with disease-free surgical margins. Unfortunately the patient had a fatal outcome secondary to hospital-acquired pneumonia.ConclusionThe cases of metastases to small bowel are extremely rare, and to our knowledge this is first case reported in Mexico. The patient described went to the emergency room with gastrointestinal bleed and intestinal perforation that required urgent surgical intervention with small bowel resection and primary anastomosis. Unfortunately the patient died secondary to hospital acquired pneumonia
The Synthetic Parasite-Derived Peptide GK1 Increases Survival in a Preclinical Mouse Melanoma Model
Proton-pump inhibitors adverse effects: a review of the evidence and position statement by the Sociedad Española de PatologĂa Digestiva.
In the last few years a significant number of papers have related the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) to potential serious adverse effects that have resulted in social unrest. The goal of this paper was to provide a literature review for the development of an institutional position statement by Sociedad Española de PatologĂa Digestiva (SEPD) regarding the safety of long-term PPI use. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to draw conclusions based on a critical assessment of the following: a) current PPI indications; b) vitamin B12 deficiency and neurological disorders; c) magnesium deficiency; d) bone fractures; e) enteric infection and pneumonia; f) interactions with thienopyridine derivatives; e) complications in cirrhotic patients. Current PPI indications have remained unchanged for years now, and are well established. A general screening of vitamin B12 levels is not recommended for all patients on a PPI; however, it does seem necessary that magnesium levels be measured at therapy onset, and then monitored in subjects on other drugs that may induce hypomagnesemia. A higher risk for bone fractures is present, even though causality cannot be concluded for this association. The association between PPIs and infection with Clostridium difficile is mild to moderate, and the risk for pneumonia is low. In patients with cardiovascular risk receiving thienopyridines derivatives it is prudent to adequately consider gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks, given the absence of definitive evidence regardin potential drug-drug interactions; if gastrointestinal risk is found to be moderate or high, effective prevention should be in place with a PPI. PPIs should be cautiously indicated in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. PPIs are safe drugs whose benefits outweigh their potential side effects both short-term and long-term, provided their indication, dosage, and duration are appropriate
From farm to commercialization: An integration strategy in Food Science and Technology
De la Granja a la ComercializaciĂłn: Una experiencia de integraciĂłn. ComunicaciĂłn presentada en el III Congreso CyTA-Junior. Zaragoza. 20 de junio de 2022IntegraciĂłn de la Granja Docente de Veterinaria en las actividades prĂĄcticas del Grado en Ciencia y TecnologĂa de los Alimentos; creaciĂłn de una plataforma virtual como herramienta de coordinaciĂłn de la producciĂłn-elaboraciĂłn y comercializaciĂłn de productos.Integration of the Veterinary Teaching Farm in the practical activities of the degree in Food Science and Technology; creating a virtual platform as a tool to coordinate the production, manufacture and marketing of food products.Fac. de VeterinariaFALSEsubmitte
The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies
International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population
The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies
International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population