La crisis de la gobernabilidad política del Estado Mexicano y la democracia participativa como una vía de solución

Hablar de gobernabilidad y democracia son temas álgidos en las agendas internacionales; México no es la excepción. En este sentido, a través del presente artículo se pretende realizar un breve estudio sobre la crisis que se está viviendo respecto a la gobernabilidad política en el Estado Mexicano, así como la posibilidad de considerar a la participación ciudadana como una opción para permitir que el ciudadano se involucre en temas generales y con ello permitir la legitimación del poder

Vulnerabilidad social, delincuencia y capital humano de las microempresas en Veracruz, México

Se analizó la relación entre la vulnerabilidad social de las microempresas en su desempeño económico ante la presencia de delitos en el vecindario en donde radican, para una muestra de 401 establecimientos en Ixtaczoquitlán y Orizaba, Veracruz, México. Se emplearon dos métodos estadísticos: Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples y el Modelo Logit, se demostró que el grado de escolaridad y la experiencia del dueño de la empresa ayudan a los micronegocios a disminuir su estado social vulnerable ante la influencia de los impactos negativos de la delincuencia en sus estrategias de venta, fortaleciendo sus capacidades de prevención y recuperación del delito

Effect of tillage system on the functional diversity of weed communities: Is it worth measuring local functional traits?

Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: i) testar el efecto de tres sistemas de laboreo (laboreo de subsuelo, laboreo mínimo y siembra directa) sobre la diversidad funcional de la comunidad de arvenses; ii) evaluar la necesidad de hacer mediciones locales de rasgos funcionales (área foliar específica (SLA), altura total de la planta y peso de las semillas) para analizar el efecto del tipo de manejo. Se han calculado tres índices de diversidad funcional con los valores de los rasgos obtenidos en la literatura y con los valores de la comunidad local. El efecto del tipo de laboreo sobre estos índices se ha analizado mediante modelos lineales. Los resultados muestran una influencia del origen de los datos a la hora de detectar el efecto del manejo sobre la diversidad funcional de las comunidades arvenses, siendo la siembra directa el sistema que presenta los índices de diversidad funcional más altos.In this work we aim: i) to test the effect of three tillage systems (subsoil tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) on the functional diversity of weed communities; and ii) to assess the need for local measurements of functional traits (specific leaf area (SLA), total height of the plant and seed weight) when assessing the effect of management on weed functional diversity. Three functional diversity indexes have been developed, based on local data and data from the literature. The effect of tillage system on the indexes has been analyzed with linear models. The results show that the origin of the data determines the effect of the soil management on the functional diversity of the weed communities, being no-tillage the system with highest functional diversity indexes

Contribution of prosthetic treatment considerations for dental extractions of permanent teeth

Background. Tooth loss is an easily identifiable outcome that summarizes a complex suite of factors in an individual’s history of dental disease and its treatment by dental services over a lifetime. Assessment of overall tooth loss data is essential for epidemiologically evaluating the adequacy of dental care provided at a systems level, as well as for placing in context tooth loss for non-disease causes. For example, when derived from prosthetic treatment planning, the latter may unfortunately lead to some teeth being extracted (pulled) for the sake of better comprehensive clinical results. The objective of the present manuscript was to identify the contribution to overall tooth loss, by extraction of permanent teeth because of prosthetic treatment reasons. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study included sex, age, total number of extractions performed by subject, sextant (anterior vs. posterior), group of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars), upper or lower arch, and the main reason underlying extraction (extraction for any reason vs. prosthetic treatment), in patients 18 years of age and older seeking care at a dental school clinic in Mexico. A multivariate logistic regression model was generated. Results. A total of 749 teeth were extracted in 331 patients; 161 teeth (21.5% of total) were extracted for explicit prosthetic treatment indications. As age increased, the likelihood of having an extraction for prosthetic reasons increased 3% (OR = 1.03, p < 0.001). Women (OR = 1.57, p < 0.05) were more likely to be in this situation, and molars (OR = 2.70, p < 0.001) were most at risk. As the total number of extractions increased, the risk of having an extraction for prosthetic reasons decreased (OR = 0.94, p < 0.05). Conclusions. A significant amount (21.5%) of the extractions of permanent teeth were performed for prosthetic reasons in this dental school clinical environment; age, sex, type of tooth, and the total number of extractions moderated such pattern

Trophic models and short-term dynamic simulations for benthic-pelagic communities at Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve (Mexican Caribbean): a conservation case

Banco Chinchorro is the largest reef in the Mexican Caribbean. Historically, spiny lobster, queen conch and over 20 other reef species have been exploited here. Multispecies intervention management from an ecosystem perspective has been developed in this area; however, an assessment of the effects of such practices on ecosystem health is required. Five quantitative trophic models were constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim. The results show that, in terms of biomass, benthic autotrophs are the dominant group in all communities. Ecosystem Network Analysis indices showed that Cueva de Tiburones was the most mature, developed, complex and healthy subsystem, but, El Colorado and La Baliza were the subsystems most resistant to disturbances. The fisheries mainly concentrate on primary (La Baliza and Cueva de Tiburones sites) and secondary consumers (La Caldera, Chancay, and El Colorado). The greatest propagation of direct and indirect effects, estimated by Mixed Trophic Impacts and Ecosim simulations, were generated by the benthic autotrophs, small benthic epifauna, benthic-pelagic carnivorous fish and benthic carnivorous fish, among others. In contrast, the System Recovery Time showed different patterns among subsystems, indicating several compartments that reduce resilience. Considering the structure, dynamics, trophic functioning and ecosystem health of Banco Chinchorro, its ecological heterogeneity highlights the need for the design of a specific (by subsystem) management strategy, particularly because different species or functional groups present greater sensitivity to human interventions in each community

Caffeine and the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : Findings from Clinical and Experimental Studies

The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefits of caffeine intake in protecting against the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, we tested the effect of topical administration of caffeine on the early stages of DR in an experimental model of DR. In the cross-sectional study, a total of 144 subjects with DR and 147 individuals without DR were assessed. DR was assessed by an experienced ophthalmologist. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered. In the experimental model, a total of 20 mice were included. One drop (5 μL) of caffeine (5 mg/mL) (n = 10) or vehicle (5 μL PBS, pH 7.4) (n = 10) was randomly administered directly onto the superior corneal surface twice daily for two weeks in each eye. Glial activation and retinal vascular permeability were assessed using standard methods. In the cross-sectional study in humans, the adjusted-multivariable model showed that a moderate and high (Q2 and Q4) caffeine intake had a protective effect of DR (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.35 (0.16-0.78); p = 0.011 and 0.35 (0.16-0.77); p = 0.010, respectively). In the experimental model, the administration of caffeine did not improve either reactive gliosis or retinal vascular permeability. Our results suggest a dose-dependent protective effect of caffeine in the development of DR, while the potential benefits of antioxidants in coffee and tea should also be considered. Further research is needed to establish the benefits and mechanisms of caffeinated beverages in the development of DR

Tecnologías emergentes con aplicación en Salud: desarrollo de una plataforma integrada para la evaluación de factores de riesgo, diagnóstico, tratamiento, pronóstico y geolocalización en Pandemia Covid- 19 por SARS-Cov-2¨.

Introduction So-called emerging technologies or convergent technologies are terms used to signal the emergenceand convergence of new technologies, respectively, with the potential to demonstrate the potential todemonstrate the way disruptive technologies show great potential for implementation in Health and couldrepresent a valuable resource in controlling the Covid 19 pandemic. Objective: Review the best published medical evidence on the use of emerging technologies in Health andapply these experiences in developing an integrated platform for the assessment of diagnostic risk factors,treatment, prognosis and geolocation of patients in the Covid 19 pandemic. Material and methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Redalyc, Ovid,Medline, DynaMed and ClinicalKey, EMBASE, LILACS databases during the period 2019-2020 in the international,regional and local context. Results: The systematic review of articles provided a total of 62 records, of which 21 were eligible; of these, 8were relevant for the purpose of this review. Conclusions: The application of emerging technologies for the development of integrated platforms for purposes,diagnostics, therapeutics, forecasts and geolocation under pandemic conditions by Covid 19, allows toguarantee health care in isolation conditions and improve the integration of the substantive functions of HigherEducation in Health Sciences.Introducción: Las denominadas tecnologías emergentes o tecnologías convergentes, son términos usados paraseñalar la emergencia y convergencia de nuevas tecnologías, respectivamente, con potencial de demostrarsecomo tecnologías disruptivas muestran un gran potencial de aplicación en Salud y pudieran representar unvalioso recurso en el control de la pandemia Covid 19. Objetivos: Revisar la mejor evidencia médica publicada sobre el empleo de tecnologías emergentes en Saludy aplicar estas experiencias en el desarrollo de una plataforma integrada para la evaluación de factores deriesgo diagnóstico, tratamiento, pronóstico y geolocalización de pacientes en la pandemia Covid 19. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, ProQuest, Embase,Redalyc, Ovid, Medline, DynaMed y ClinicalKey, EMBASE, LILACS durante el periodo 2015-2020en el contexto internacional, regional y local. Resultados: La revisión sistemática de artículos aportó un total de 62 registros, de los cuales 21 eran elegibles;de estos, 8 fueron relevantes al objeto de esta revisión. Conclusiones: La aplicación de las tecnologías emergentes para el desarrollo de plataformas integradas confines, diagnósticos, terapéuticos, pronósticos y de geolocalización en condiciones de pandemia por Covid 19,permite garantizar la atención en Salud en condiciones de aislamiento y perfeccionar la integración de lasfunciones sustantivas de la Educación Superior en Ciencias de la Salud

Clinical and Non-Clinical Variables Associated With Preventive and Curative Dental Service Utilisation: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Central Mexico

Objective The present study aimed to identify preventive and curative dental health service utilisation (DHSU) in the context of associated clinical and non-clinical factors among adolescents and young adults in Mexico. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Applicants to a public university in Mexico. Participants Participants were 638 adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 randomly selected from university applicants. Interventions Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire filled out by the students. For assessment of dental caries experience, we used the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth. Primary outcome The dependent variable was DHSU in the previous 12 months, coded as 0=non-use, 1=use of curative services and 2=use of preventive services. Results The mean age was 18.76±1.76 years, and 49.2% were women. The prevalence of DHSU was 40.9% (95% CI 37.1 to 44.8) for curative services and 22.9% (95% CI 19.7 to 26.3) for preventive services. The variables associated with curative services were age, sex, mother’s education, dental pain in the previous 12 months, caries experience, use of self-care devices and oral health knowledge. For preventive services, the variables associated were mother’s education, dental pain in the previous 12 months, caries experience, use of self-care devices and self-perception of oral health. Conclusions While differences emerged by type of service, a number of variables (sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as dental factors) remained in the final model. Greater oral health needs and socioeconomic inequalities remained as predictors of both types of DHSU. Given the differences revealed by our study, oral health policies should refer those seeking dental care for oral diseases to preventive services, and promote the use of such services among the poorer and less educated population groups

Composición y diversidad de peces del río San Pedro, Balancán, Tabasco, México

In the San Pedro river sub-basin, Balancán, Tabasco, Mexico, an ichthyofauna study was carried out in two subsystems; the main stream and the floodplain during the months of March 2007 to February 2008. From a total of 1035 fish were collected, 33 species, 25 genera and 14 families were identified. The Cichlidae and Poeciliidae family were the most species; four species are introduced Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Oreochromis niloticus, Parachromis managuensis and two new records were found: P. pardalis and Potamarius usumacintae. The most abundance species were Thorichthys affinis and T. helleri and five species were least abundant: P. usumacintae, Phallichthys fairweatheri, Cichlasoma Nandopsis urophthalmus, C. idella and Batrachoides goldmani. The higher values of diversity and abundance showed in sites I (H=2.52 bits) and II (?=0.38 sp/ind). The higher values of evenness were in sites III (J = 0.86) and IV (J = 0.99). The abundance (Nmax = 353) species was showed in the site II. Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were found between the diversity and sites comparison. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the temperature, dissolved oxygen and depth are the most important factors in the distribution of species. Finally, the relative abundance of species in the two seasons was representative by two families; Cichlidae T. affinis, (T. helleri and Petenia splendida) and Characidae(Astyanax aeneus).En la subcuenca del río San Pedro, Balancán, Tabasco, México, se realizó un estudio ictiofaunístico en dos subsistemas; el cauce principal del río y la zona de inundación en la parte baja, durante los meses de marzo 2007 a febrero 2008. De un total de 1,035 peces capturados, se identificaron 33 especies, 25 géneros y 14 familias. La familia Cichlidae y Poeciliidae fueron las más diversas, cuatro especies son introducidas: Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Oreochromis niloticus, Parachromis managuensis, dos son nuevos registros Potamarius usumacintae y P. pardalis. Las especies más abundantes fueron Thorichthys affinis y T. helleri, mientras que P. usumacintae, Phallichthys fairweatheri, Cichlasoma Nandopsis urophthalmus, C. idella y Batrachoides goldmani, fueron las menos abundantes. La diversidad ydominancia presentaron valores altos en los sitios I (H´=2.52 bits) y el sitio II (? =0.38 sp/ind), mientras que los sitios III (J´=0.86) y IV (J´=0.99) fueron más equitativos. La especie más abundante (Nmax= 353) se mostró en el sitio II. Se encontró diferencias significativas (p &lt; 0.5) entre la comparación de la diversidad y sitios. El análisis de correspondencia canónica, mostró que la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto y la profundidad son los factores más importantes en la distribución de las especies. Finalmente, se encontró que las abundancias relativas de las especies presentes en las dos épocas estuvo representadas por dos familias; Cichlidae (T. affinis, T. helleri, Petenia splendida) y Characidae con (Astyanax aeneus)

Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study

Periodic toothbrushing is the most common, effective, and reliable way to mechanically remove biofilm from oral tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between toothbrushing frequency and socioeconomic position for schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age in four cities in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 Mexican schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age from public schools in four Mexican cities. Questionnaires were administered to the parents/guardians of the schoolchildren to obtain the variables included in the study. The dependent variable was toothbrushing frequency, dichotomized as: 0 = less than twice a day and 1 = at least twice a day. The analysis was performed in Stata. The average age of the schoolchildren was 8.9 1.9 years; 50.4% were female. The prevalence of toothbrushing was 52.8% (at least twice a day) (95% CI = 48.457.1). In the multivariate model, the variables associated (p < 0.05) with toothbrushing frequency were older age of the schoolchild (OR = 1.14); younger age of the mother (OR = 0.93); being a girl (OR = 1.70); being enrolled in Seguro Popular (OR = 0.69); being in a household that was owned (OR = 2.43); and being a schoolchild who lived in a home that owned a car (OR = 1.31). The prevalence of toothbrushing at least twice a day was just over 50% in these Mexican children. We found demographic and socioeconomic variables to be associated with toothbrushing. Based on socioeconomic variables that were associated with toothbrushing frequency—such as health insurance, home ownership and the household owning a car—the results of the present study confirm the existence of health inequalities in toothbrushing frequency