Women of Color School Leaders: Leadership School Should Not Ignore

School districts are faced with challenges resulting from the changing demo- graphics of the student population. Consequently, school districts are creat- ing positive, multicultural learning environments. School districts intent on establishing multicultural learning environments should consider the contri- butions people of color, specifically women of color can make in leading the endeavor. This study highlights the insights and experiences of three women of color school leaders. Their stories demonstrate how leadership from women of color contributes to the development of positive, multicultural learning environments. Their stories provide insight for school districts as they seek effective leadership for their schools and for administration preparation programs as they prepare aspiring school leaders

Determinants of strategic risk management in emerging markets supply chains: the case of Mexico

Risk mitigation in global supply chains has grown in importance in recent years, in tandem with globalization and both the commercial and security threats faced by firms both large and small. This study hypothesizes that a firm’s ability to manage risk strategy— and therefore support its competitiveness—is determined by a symbiotic triad of factors: the resources it utilizes; network systems; and performance criteria it employs. The study, comprising 24 in-depth interviews with electronics and IT firms, examines resource utilization through the Resource-Based View (RBV), assesses firms’ proclivity to engage in networks for risk mitigation and competitiveness; and highlights the importance of performance evaluation as a critically important component in supply chain management. Findings reveal that both buyers and suppliers believe that the symbiotic triad can provide them with a competitive advantage in addition to improving operational efficiency, effectiveness and quality. Future research should also extend this pilot investigation to other countries and industries, and utilize a larger sample of firms for quantitative as well as qualitative assessment.La disminución del riesgo en las cadenas de suministro globales ha crecido en importancia en los últimos tiempos, junto con la globalización, así como las amenazas comerciales y de seguridad que las empresas, tanto grandes como pequeñas, enfrentan. Este estudio plantea la hipótesis de que la habilidad de una firma para manejar la estrategia de riesgo –y así sostener su competitividad- está determinada por una triada simbiótica de factores: los recursos que utiliza; los sistemas de interconexión; y el criterio de rendi-miento que emplea. Este estudio, que comprende 24 entrevistas a fondo con empresas IT y electrónicas, examina el uso de recursos a través del Resource-Based View (RBV), evalúa la proclividad de la empresa de interconectarse para mantener su competitividad y mitigar el riesgo; y resalta la importancia de evaluar el rendimiento como un componente crítico en la administración de la cadena de suministro (supply chain management). Los resultados revelan que tanto los compradores como los proveedores creen que la triada simbiótica les puede proporcionar una ventaja competitiva además de mejorar su eficiencia operacional, efectividad y calidad. En tal sentido, las investigaciones futuras deberán extender este estudio piloto a otros países e industrias, y utilizar una muestra más amplia de firmas tanto para la evaluación cuantitativa como cualitativa

Devaluation, competitiveness and new business formation in emerging countries

In September 2010, Brazil’s Finance Minister, Guido Mantega, used the term “currency war” with reference to monetary policies implemented by different countries to generate an artificial devaluation of their currency and achieve a cheaper, more competitive domestic economy that may be attractive to foreign investors. Similar cases have been documented since the 1930s Great Depression, when several countries abandoned the gold standard as backing for their currencies. More recently, a large-scale asset purchase by Japan’s Central Bank in 2013 was singled out as a strategy aimed at generating devaluation of the yen. This research uses statistics of new business formation density reported by Doing Business for 30 emerging countries in the period 2004-2011 to evaluate the impact of devaluation measured by the behavior of the real effective exchange rate (REER) on the rate of new business formation (NBF). It is determined how variables associated with competitiveness affect the relationship between devaluation and business formation. Results show that devaluation has a positive effect on NBF in the short term, which gets diluted in the long term. Countries with greater competitiveness have less dependence on devaluation to increase the number of businesses

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Women of Color School Leaders: Leadership School Should Not Ignore

School districts are faced with challenges resulting from the changing demo- graphics of the student population. Consequently, school districts are creat- ing positive, multicultural learning environments. School districts intent on establishing multicultural learning environments should consider the contri- butions people of color, specifically women of color can make in leading the endeavor. This study highlights the insights and experiences of three women of color school leaders. Their stories demonstrate how leadership from women of color contributes to the development of positive, multicultural learning environments. Their stories provide insight for school districts as they seek effective leadership for their schools and for administration preparation programs as they prepare aspiring school leaders

Foreign investment, institutional quality, public expenditure and activity of venture capital funds in emerging countries

This paper is an empirical analysis of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), institutional quality and the size of a government on venture capital (VC) activity. We conclude that institutional quality, the FDI and public spending have definitive importance as elements for the development of a public policy that increases the quantity and quality of venture capital fund (VCF) investment. Higher institutional quality, higher FDI and lower public spending allow the VCF investment volume to grow. The FDI shows higher level of significance in promoting investment in high-tech companies and institutional quality increases the productivity of FDI investment in the generation of VCF. Government spending dramatically and adversely affects the activity of VCF and institutional quality increases the negative effect of government spending on the activity of VCF in emerging countries. This last result suggests that the higher the institutional quality of a country, the less state intervention it requires to promote investment of VCF. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the FDI spillover and crowding out of public spending

Voices of Women in the FieldCreating Conversations: A Networking Approach for Women Leaders

Professional networking is critical for school leaders. Networking has emerged in the literature as one of the major needs in attracting and retaining quality school leaders. Advice and insights gathered from veteran administrators on how to support the next generation of educational administrators identified networking as a key recommendation for leadership development (Michael & Young, 2006). In general, men have traditionally been more successful than women in establishing and maintaining professional connections. For women leaders, networking challenges are associated with absence of access, issues of gender bias, and challenges with life balance. Women in leadership positions have limited access to networks or are excluded from informal interaction networks (Ibarra, 1993). This creates problems for women leaders because these networks provide a variety of essential resources that are critical for job success and career advancement. These networks also provide benefits such as friendship, mentoring opportunities, and social support (Noel-Batiste, 2009). When women have limited access to interaction networks multiple disadvantages occur, including restricted knowledge of what is going on in their field or organization and limited opportunities to form alliances which, in tum, can be associated to the glass ceiling effect experienced by many women leaders (Ibarra, 1993; Noel-Batiste, 2009; O\u27Leary & Ickovics, 1992)