Ethnic stereotypes in kindergarten? Attitudes of kindergarten teachers towards immigrants from Turkey

Dieser Beitrag greift die Diskussion um die Bedeutung von Stereotypen gegenüber Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund für deren Bildungserfolg auf. Anhand von qualitativen Interviews mit 10 Erzieherinnen aus der BiKS-Studie wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich in deren Haltungen Stereotype gegenüber Kindern mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund und deren Familien zeigen. Die Interviews wurden auf der Grundlage eines Modells, das Stereotype als mehrdimensionales Konstrukt auffasst, inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet und vergleichend analysiert. Berichtet werden die Ergebnisse der vergleichenden Analyse sowie ein Extremgruppenvergleich zweier kontrastierender Fälle. Die Analysen zeigen sehr differenzierte Haltungen von Erzieherinnen auf, stereotype Haltungen finden sich nur vereinzelt. (DIPF/Orig.)The contribution takes up the discussion on the significance of stereotypes towards children with migration background regarding their educational achievement. On the basis of 10 qualitative interviews with kindergarten teachers from the BiKS-Study, the authors inquire into the question of in how far these teachers\u27 attitudes reveal stereotypes towards children with Turkish migration background and their families. The content-analytical evaluation and comparative analysis of these interviews is carried out on the basis of a model which considers stereotypes to be multi-dimensional constructs. The results of the comparative analysis are reported and a comparison of extreme groups illustrated by two contrasting cases is outlined. The analyses reveal highly differentiated attitudes among kindergarten teachers, stereotypical attitudes are found only sporadically. (DIPF/Orig.

Improvement in the decadal prediction skill of the North Atlantic extratropical winter circulation through increased model resolution

In this study the latest version of the MiKlip decadal hindcast system is analyzed, and the effect of an increased horizontal and vertical resolution on the prediction skill of the extratropical winter circulation is assessed. Four different metrics – the storm track, blocking, cyclone and windstorm frequencies – are analyzed in the North Atlantic and European region. The model bias and the deterministic decadal hindcast skill are evaluated in ensembles of five members in a lower-resolution version (LR, atm: T63L47, ocean: 1.5∘ L40) and a higher-resolution version (HR, atm: T127L95, ocean: 0.4∘ L40) of the MiKlip system based on the Max Planck Institute Earth System model (MPI-ESM). The skill is assessed for the lead winters 2–5 in terms of the anomaly correlation of the quantities' winter averages using initializations between 1978 and 2012. The deterministic predictions are considered skillful if the anomaly correlation is positive and statistically significant. While the LR version shows common shortcomings of lower-resolution climate models, e.g., a storm track that is too zonal and southward displaced as well as a negative bias of blocking frequencies over the eastern North Atlantic and Europe, the HR version counteracts these biases. Cyclones, i.e., their frequencies and characteristics like strength and lifetime, are particularly better represented in HR. As a result, a chain of significantly improved decadal prediction skill between all four metrics is found with the increase in the spatial resolution. While the skill of the storm track is significantly improved primarily over the main source region of synoptic activity – the North Atlantic Current – the other extratropical quantities experience a significant improvement primarily downstream thereof, i.e., in regions where the synoptic systems typically intensify. Thus, the skill of the cyclone frequencies is significantly improved over the central North Atlantic and northern Europe, the skill of the blocking frequencies is significantly improved over the Mediterranean, Scandinavia and eastern Europe, and the skill of the windstorms is significantly improved over Newfoundland and central Europe. Not only is the skill improved with the increase in resolution, but the HR system itself also exhibits significant skill over large areas of the North Atlantic and European sector for all four circulation metrics. These results are particularly promising regarding the high socioeconomic impact of European winter windstorms and blocking situations

Chasing the offshore wind farm wind-wake-induced upwelling/downwelling dipole

The operational principle of offshore wind farms (OWF) is to extract kinetic energy from the atmosphere and convert it into electricity. Consequently, a region of reduced wind speed in the shadow zone of an OWF, the so-called wind-wake, is generated. As there is a horizontal wind speed deficit between the wind-wake and the undisturbed neighboring regions, the locally reduced surface stress results in an adjusted Ekman transport. Subsequently, the creation of a dipole pattern in sea surface elevation induces corresponding anomalies in the vertical water velocities. The dynamics of these OWF wind-wake induced upwelling/downwelling dipoles have been analyzed in earlier model studies, and strong impacts on stratified pelagic ecosystems have been predicted. Here we provide for the first time empirical evidence of the existence of such upwelling/downwelling dipoles. The data were obtained by towing a remotely operated vehicle (TRIAXUS ROTV) through leeward regions of operational OWFs in the summer stratified North Sea. The undulating TRIAXUS transects provided high-resolution CTD data which enabled the characterization of three different phases of the ephemeral life cycle of a wind-wake-induced upwelling/downwelling dipole: development, operation, and erosion. We identified two characteristic hydrographic signatures of OWF-induced dipoles: distinct changes in mixed layer depth and potential energy anomaly over a distance < 5 km and a diagonal excursion of the thermocline of ~10–14 m over a dipole dimension of ~10–12 km. Whether these anthropogenically induced abrupt changes are significantly different from the corridor of natural variability awaits further investigations

Zum Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung zwischen vorzeitiger und fristgerechter Einschulung

Es gibt in Deutschland die Möglichkeit einer vorzeitigen Einschulung, die eine bewusste Entscheidung der Eltern voraussetzt. Über den Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung und die zugrunde liegenden Entscheidungsaspekte der Eltern ist bisher wenig bekannt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag stehen qualitative Befunde des Längsschnitts BiKS3-8 zur Formation der elterlichen Einschulungsentscheidung aus einer leitfadengestützten Interviewerhebung im Vordergrund. Für diese qualitative Befragung wurde aus der BiKS-Gesamtstichprobe (N = 547) eine Substichprobe nach drei Kriterien gebildet, die 12 Mädchen und 9 Jungen umfasst. Dazu ergänzend werden anhand eines Parallelgruppen-Designs (n = 30) entscheidungsrelevante Merkmale aus standardisierten Befragungen des Längsschnitts BiKS-3-8 vergleichend ausgewertet. Den theoretischen Rahmen bildet die Wert-Erwartungs-Theorie. In beiden methodischen Zugängen stellt sich die Entscheidung zwischen vorzeitiger bzw. fristgerechter Einschulung als wahrgenommene Passung zwischen den Fähigkeiten der Kinder und den Anforderungen der Schule dar. Ausschlaggebend für die Entscheidung sind unter anderem die Erfolgserwartung der Eltern und damit verbunden die Einschätzung der kindlichen Fähigkeiten sowie das elterliche Bild von Schule. (DIPF/Orig.)In Germany, parents can enroll their children in school before the official school starting age. Exercising this option, however, requires a conscious decision on the part of the parents. Little is known about how parents make this decision and why. This article presents qualitative findings from the longitudinal study BiKS-3-8, which focuses on how parents form decisions regarding school enrollment. Data are collected through interview surveys. For this qualitative survey, a sub-sample of the BiKS total sample (N = 547) was drawn according to three criteria. The sub-sample included 12 girls and 9 boys. Factors influencing decision-making were explored through another analytical approach employing a parallel group design (n = 30). The theoretical framework underpinning both approaches drew on value-expectation theory. The two analyses showed that the decision governing early or regular school enrollment presented itself as a perceived fit between the abilities of the children and the demands of school. For the parents, estimations of their children\u27s scholastic success, assessment of their children\u27s abilities, and an image of the type of school the children could or should attend all had a crucial impact on their decisions. (DIPF/Orig.

Diving Into The Complexities Of The Tech Blog Sphere

International audienceFollowing the assumption that the tech blog sphere represents an avant-garde of technologically and socially interested experts, we describe an experimental setting to observe its input on the public discussion of matters situated at the intersection of technology and society. Our interdisciplinary approach consists in joining forces on a common base of texts and tools. This cooperation stems from work on the impact of digital media on democratic processes and institutions (GHI/RRCHNM) and corpus and computational linguistics (BBAW). The major aims of the effort described here are twofold: (1) compiling a text base (for German and English) from a curated list of blogs dedicated to technological topics for lexicographical and linguistic research, as well as (2) conducting exemplary studies using the compiled corpus, focusing on specific research questions regarding public discourse in Germany and the United States on questions of internet policy

Diving Into The Complexities Of The Tech Blog Sphere

International audienceFollowing the assumption that the tech blog sphere represents an avant-garde of technologically and socially interested experts, we describe an experimental setting to observe its input on the public discussion of matters situated at the intersection of technology and society. Our interdisciplinary approach consists in joining forces on a common base of texts and tools. This cooperation stems from work on the impact of digital media on democratic processes and institutions (GHI/RRCHNM) and corpus and computational linguistics (BBAW). The major aims of the effort described here are twofold: (1) compiling a text base (for German and English) from a curated list of blogs dedicated to technological topics for lexicographical and linguistic research, as well as (2) conducting exemplary studies using the compiled corpus, focusing on specific research questions regarding public discourse in Germany and the United States on questions of internet policy

Diving Into The Complexities Of The Tech Blog Sphere

Abstract and poster of paper 0964 presented at the Digital Humanities Conference 2019 (DH2019), Utrecht , the Netherlands 9-12 July, 2019