Analysis of interdependencies within the fire fighting function on an offshore platform

Recent accidents such as the Macondo blowout actualize the issue of offshore safety. Accidents do occur in spite of actions taken to prevent them from happening. The energy-barrier philosophy is the governing principle within the Norwegian offshore industry. The paradox with that philosophy is that the construction of additional barriers may increase complexity within the system. Risk may be seen as an emerging property of complex systems, yet little attention is paid to complex interactions in barrier systems. The Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) has therefore raised the matter of dependencies within barrier systems during 2013 to increase awareness of their implications. The governing energy-barrier philosophy relies on linear reasoning and does therefore not provide tools for the interpretation of complex and non-linear interactions. Hence the purpose of this thesis is to apply a different method to interpret interdependencies in a barrier system on an offshore platform and then evaluate the application of that method. The purpose is also to see if the PSA prioritizes an essential issue

Large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralism: A case study on bear–reindeer predation mitigation measures

While wildlife and cultural preservation goals can be either complimentary or counteractive, the goals of large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralist lifestyles are often at odds. Livestock depredation can negatively impact the economies of livestock herders, while subsequent lethal removals contribute to local carnivore population declines. Here, we collaborated with two Sámi reindeer herding communities (2010–2016) situated in Sweden's boreal forest to evaluate the efficacy and economic feasibility of three brown bear predation mitigation measures: corralling pregnant reindeer during parturition, lethal bear management removals, and public bear-license hunting. Calving corrals increased survival for reindeer calves born to average-sized females by 7%–15%, and by 14%–30% for calves born to small females. However, the realized cost of implementing calving corrals outweighed the financial gain for both our study areas (net losses ranged between €1111 and €6210 per calf saved from bear predation per year when using the updated 2021 calf value; 1€ [Euro] = US$1.1), as well as for almost every theoretical scenario we explored (net losses €234 and €13,995 per calf saved from bear predation). The exception was the theoretical scenario where small herding communities overlapped large bear populations, which crossed the breakeven efficacy bear/reindeer ratio of 13.5 bears/100 reindeer and had a potential net gain of €36 per saved calf. Similarly, the cost of lethal management removals of bears outweighed the potential financial gain from saved calves, with net losses between €75 and €239 per calf. License hunting, where the hunters voluntarily incur the monetary costs of removing bears, is in most cases the only economically viable mitigation measure where the cost of mitigation did not outweigh the financial gain from increased reindeer survival. While the annual public license hunt was the most cost-effective mitigation measure, it may be less biologically effective, that is, bear hunting occurs in the fall and reindeer parturition the following spring which leaves time for the empty niche of harvested bears to be filled by survivors. Economically and biologically effective predation mitigation measures are key for promoting coexistence, and we suggest that potential mitigation measures should be studied in collaboration with local people

Large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralism: A case study on bear–reindeer predation mitigation measures

While wildlife and cultural preservation goals can be either complimentary orcounteractive, the goals of large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralist lifestyles are often at odds. Livestock depredation can negatively impact the economies of livestock herders, while subsequent lethal removals contribute to local carnivore population declines. Here, we collaborated with two Sami reindeer herding communities (2010–2016) situated in Sweden’s boreal forest to evaluate the efficacy and economic feasibility of three brown bear predation mitigation measures: corralling pregnant reindeer during parturition, lethal bear management removals, and public bear-license hunting. Calving corrals increased survival for reindeer calves born to average-sized females by 7%–15%, and by 14%–30% for calves born to small females. However, the realized cost of implementing calving corrals outweighed the financial gain for both our study areas (net losses ranged between €1111 and €6210 per calf saved from bear predation per year when using the updated 2021 calf value; 1€ [Euro] = US$1.1), as well as for almost every theoretical scenario we explored (net losses €234 and €13,995 per calf saved from bear predation). The exception was the theoretical scenario where small herding communities overlapped large bear populations, which crossed the breakeven efficacy bear/reindeer ratio of 13.5 bears/100 reindeer and had a potential net gain of €36 per saved calf. Similarly, the cost of lethal management removals of bears outweighed the potential financial gain from saved calves, with net losses between €75 and €239 per calf. License hunting, where the hunters voluntarily incur the monetary costs of removing bears, is in most cases the only economically viable mitigation measure where the cost of mitigation did not outweigh the financial gain from increased reindeer survival. While the annual public license hunt was the most cost-effective mitigation measure, it may be less biologically effective, that is, bear hunting occurs in the fall and reindeer parturition the following spring which leaves time for the empty niche of harvested bears to be filled by survivors. Economically and biologically effective predation mitigation measures are key for promoting coexistence, and we suggest that potential mitigation measures should be studied in collaboration with local people. brown bear, calving corrals, economic feasibility, management removal, predation, reindeer herdingpublishedVersio

Outdoor education : An interview study of teachers approach to movement and health during outdoor activity.

Denna studies syfte är att få mer kunskap i hur fritidslärare och idrottslärare belyser aspekter kring utomhuspedagogiken. Studien kommer även belysa fritidslärares och idrottslärares förhållningssätt till eleverna när det gäller rörelse och hälsa i samband med utevistelsen. Studien vilar på utgångspunkter och centrala begrepp. Utgångspunkterna är sociokulturellt perspektiv, barnperspektiv och utomhuspedagogik. De centrala begreppen är hälsa och rörelse. I studien undersöks fritidslärares och idrottslärares uppfattningar med hjälp av intervjuer. De kvalitativa intervjuer som har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys har synliggjort tre tydliga förhållningssätt naturälskaren, den stöttande läraren och optimisten. Resultatet visar hur dessa tre olika lärartypiska inställningarna skiljer sig åt i förhållande till utomhuspedagogik, rörelse och hälsa

Outdoor education : An interview study of teachers approach to movement and health during outdoor activity.

Denna studies syfte är att få mer kunskap i hur fritidslärare och idrottslärare belyser aspekter kring utomhuspedagogiken. Studien kommer även belysa fritidslärares och idrottslärares förhållningssätt till eleverna när det gäller rörelse och hälsa i samband med utevistelsen. Studien vilar på utgångspunkter och centrala begrepp. Utgångspunkterna är sociokulturellt perspektiv, barnperspektiv och utomhuspedagogik. De centrala begreppen är hälsa och rörelse. I studien undersöks fritidslärares och idrottslärares uppfattningar med hjälp av intervjuer. De kvalitativa intervjuer som har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys har synliggjort tre tydliga förhållningssätt naturälskaren, den stöttande läraren och optimisten. Resultatet visar hur dessa tre olika lärartypiska inställningarna skiljer sig åt i förhållande till utomhuspedagogik, rörelse och hälsa

Outdoor education : An interview study of teachers approach to movement and health during outdoor activity.

Denna studies syfte är att få mer kunskap i hur fritidslärare och idrottslärare belyser aspekter kring utomhuspedagogiken. Studien kommer även belysa fritidslärares och idrottslärares förhållningssätt till eleverna när det gäller rörelse och hälsa i samband med utevistelsen. Studien vilar på utgångspunkter och centrala begrepp. Utgångspunkterna är sociokulturellt perspektiv, barnperspektiv och utomhuspedagogik. De centrala begreppen är hälsa och rörelse. I studien undersöks fritidslärares och idrottslärares uppfattningar med hjälp av intervjuer. De kvalitativa intervjuer som har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys har synliggjort tre tydliga förhållningssätt naturälskaren, den stöttande läraren och optimisten. Resultatet visar hur dessa tre olika lärartypiska inställningarna skiljer sig åt i förhållande till utomhuspedagogik, rörelse och hälsa