14 research outputs found

    Human trafficking and the effectiveness of asylum policies

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    We investigate the effects of restrictive asylum policies on the number and group composition of asylum seekers. We model the choices of refugees and traffickers about whether to migrate and to apply for asylum. Counter-intuitively, restrictive asylum policies do not lead to a reduction in the inflow of refugees or to a better selection of asylum seekers. Instead, we show that under conditions outside the control of policy makers these policies can increase the number of asylum claims and the number of refugees working in slave-like conditions and prevent some of those most in need of protection from accessing it. --Asylum policy,Illegal immigration,Human trafficking

    Strategic asylum law making in Europe: institutional locus

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    Given the background of changing institutional competencies in the European Union, we analyze the choice of asylum law standards of national and European parliaments, the Council of the European Union and codecision between the Council and the European Parliament. In a two country model we nd that the European arrangements maximize neither the welfare of the Member Countries nor the welfare of refugees. For the latter, there has been an improvement in the institutional location of asylum law making with the introduction of codecision. The current development towards a Common European Asylum System is in the interest of neither party. --Asylum policy,Illegal immigration,Regulatory competition,Public choice,EU institutions

    Optimal discretion in asylum lawmaking

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    International audienceThis paper develops a regulatory competition model to study whether and how refugee law should be centralized, and what are the consequences for refugees and for host countries. Varying refugee flows across countries lead some destinations to adopt strict measures. The resulting externality leads to a generalized “race to the bottom” of asylum law. Neither fixed nor minimum standard harmonization are found to be in the interest of both host countries. Especially the most popular destinations like EU border countries would suffer from losing discretion. However, minimum standards would benefit refugees and less popular destinations

    The Internalisation of External Costs in Transport: From the Polluter Pays to the Cheapest Cost Avoider Principle

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    The European Commission mandated the consulting firm CE Delft to develop a framework for the internalisation of external costs and to devise a number of potential internalisation scenarios for further analysis. The results of their preliminary research are published in a CE discussion paper, and the Commission is now formulating draft legislative proposals which will be subjected to a consultation of stakeholders.The present report offers a critical assessment of the above mentioned CE study, provides a theoretical examination of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the polluter pays principle and the cheapest cost avoider principle in relation to the problems arising in the road transport sector, demonstrates how the cheapest cost avoider principle can be applied in practice by providing examples of external costs in road transport, and puts forward recommendations for the appropriate principles that should guide the Commission's further activities in this area.Cheapest Cost Avoider, Externalities, Transport,

    Analyse économique du droit d'asile

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    We study the process of asylum legislation and its impact on refugees. The preliminary chapter presents the history of refugee flows and asylum policies, the reasons for migration and the philosophical stakes of the subject. The second chapter studies the influence of asylum policies on refugee flows. We analyse the impact of different types of asylum law restrictions on decisions of refugees choosing their country of destination and whether to apply for asylum. The use of traffickers indirectly influences the size of the immigration flows and the number of asylum claims. The third chapter describes the choice of the level of asylum standard chosen by different levels of government. This choice is made as a result of the expected result of a standard on refugee flows. Chapter four compares different institutional choices for asylum legislation in the European Union. Taking objectives concerning illegal immigration into account, it compares the level of standards that would be adopted by national governments, by the Council of the European Parliament, and in co-decision. The fifth chapter studies the structure of grants given Member states by the European Refugee Fund (ERF). The ERF grants both fixed funds and subsidies that complement project funding. Taking transaction costs into consideration, we study the impact of different grant structures on spending on refugees.Nous étudions le processus de création de droit d'asile et son impact sur les réfugiés. Le chapitre préliminaire présente l'histoire des flux de réfugiés et du droit d'asile, la recherche sur les raisons de migration ainsi que les enjeux du sujet. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objet l'influence du droit d'asile sur les flux d'immigration de réfugiés. Nous analysons l'impact des restrictions des différents types de mesure du droit d'asile sur les décisions des réfugiés en terme d'émigration et de demande d'asile. A travers les passeurs, un impact indirect influence la taille des flux et le nombre de demandes. Le troisième chapitre décrit le choix du niveau de droit d'asile des différents niveaux de gouvernement en fonction de l'impact du droit sur les flux de réfugiés. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur la question de savoir le meilleur choix institutionnel de production du droit d'asile en Union Européenne. Tenant compte des objectifs en terme d'immigration clandestine, il compare les niveaux de droit d'asile qui seraient adoptés par les gouvernements nationaux, par le Conseil de l'Union Européenne, par le Parlement Européen, et en co-décision entre ces deux dernières institutions. Le cinquième chapitre a pour objet la structure des subventions accordées aux Etats membres par le Fonds Européen pour les Réfugiés (FER). En effet, le FER accorde une partie limitée en subventions fixes et une partie plus importante en financement complémentaire à des projets. Nous étudions l'impact des différentes subventions et de leur combinaison sur les dépenses en aide aux réfugiés en présence de coûts de transaction

    Analyse économique du droit d'asile

    No full text
    We study the process of asylum legislation and its impact on refugees. The preliminary chapter presents the history of refugee flows and asylum policies, the reasons for migration and the philosophical stakes of the subject. The second chapter studies the influence of asylum policies on refugee flows. We analyse the impact of different types of asylum law restrictions on decisions of refugees choosing their country of destination and whether to apply for asylum. The use of traffickers indirectly influences the size of the immigration flows and the number of asylum claims. The third chapter describes the choice of the level of asylum standard chosen by different levels of government. This choice is made as a result of the expected result of a standard on refugee flows. Chapter four compares different institutional choices for asylum legislation in the European Union. Taking objectives concerning illegal immigration into account, it compares the level of standards that would be adopted by national governments, by the Council of the European Parliament, and in co-decision. The fifth chapter studies the structure of grants given Member states by the European Refugee Fund (ERF). The ERF grants both fixed funds and subsidies that complement project funding. Taking transaction costs into consideration, we study the impact of different grant structures on spending on refugees.Nous étudions le processus de création de droit d'asile et son impact sur les réfugiés. Le chapitre préliminaire présente l'histoire des flux de réfugiés et du droit d'asile, la recherche sur les raisons de migration ainsi que les enjeux du sujet. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objet l'influence du droit d'asile sur les flux d'immigration de réfugiés. Nous analysons l'impact des restrictions des différents types de mesure du droit d'asile sur les décisions des réfugiés en terme d'émigration et de demande d'asile. A travers les passeurs, un impact indirect influence la taille des flux et le nombre de demandes. Le troisième chapitre décrit le choix du niveau de droit d'asile des différents niveaux de gouvernement en fonction de l'impact du droit sur les flux de réfugiés. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur la question de savoir le meilleur choix institutionnel de production du droit d'asile en Union Européenne. Tenant compte des objectifs en terme d'immigration clandestine, il compare les niveaux de droit d'asile qui seraient adoptés par les gouvernements nationaux, par le Conseil de l'Union Européenne, par le Parlement Européen, et en co-décision entre ces deux dernières institutions. Le cinquième chapitre a pour objet la structure des subventions accordées aux Etats membres par le Fonds Européen pour les Réfugiés (FER). En effet, le FER accorde une partie limitée en subventions fixes et une partie plus importante en financement complémentaire à des projets. Nous étudions l'impact des différentes subventions et de leur combinaison sur les dépenses en aide aux réfugiés en présence de coûts de transaction

    Economic Analysis of Refugee Law

    No full text
    We study the process of asylum legislation and its impact on refugees. The preliminary chapter presents the history of refugee flows and asylum policies, the reasons for migration and the philosophical stakes of the subject. The second chapter studies the influence of asylum policies on refugee flows. We analyse the impact of different types of asylum law restrictions on decisions of refugees choosing their country of destination and whether to apply for asylum. The use of traffickers indirectly influences the size of the immigration flows and the number of asylum claims. The third chapter describes the choice of the level of asylum standard chosen by different levels of government. This choice is made as a result of the expected result of a standard on refugee flows. Chapter four compares different institutional choices for asylum legislation in the European Union. Taking objectives concerning illegal immigration into account, it compares the level of standards that would be adopted by national governments, by the Council of the European Parliament, and in co-decision. The fifth chapter studies the structure of grants given Member states by the European Refugee Fund (ERF). The ERF grants both fixed funds and subsidies that complement project funding. Taking transaction costs into consideration, we study the impact of different grant structures on spending on refugees.Nous étudions le processus de création de droit d'asile et son impact sur les réfugiés. Le chapitre préliminaire présente l'histoire des flux de réfugiés et du droit d'asile, la recherche sur les raisons de migration ainsi que les enjeux du sujet. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objet l'influence du droit d'asile sur les flux d'immigration de réfugiés. Nous analysons l'impact des restrictions des différents types de mesure du droit d'asile sur les décisions des réfugiés en terme d'émigration et de demande d'asile. A travers les passeurs, un impact indirect influence la taille des flux et le nombre de demandes. Le troisième chapitre décrit le choix du niveau de droit d'asile des différents niveaux de gouvernement en fonction de l'impact du droit sur les flux de réfugiés. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur la question de savoir le meilleur choix institutionnel de production du droit d'asile en Union Européenne. Tenant compte des objectifs en terme d'immigration clandestine, il compare les niveaux de droit d'asile qui seraient adoptés par les gouvernements nationaux, par le Conseil de l'Union Européenne, par le Parlement Européen, et en co-décision entre ces deux dernières institutions. Le cinquième chapitre a pour objet la structure des subventions accordées aux Etats membres par le Fonds Européen pour les Réfugiés (FER). En effet, le FER accorde une partie limitée en subventions fixes et une partie plus importante en financement complémentaire à des projets. Nous étudions l'impact des différentes subventions et de leur combinaison sur les dépenses en aide aux réfugiés en présence de coûts de transaction

    Human trafficking and the effectiveness of asylum policies

    No full text
    We investigate the effects of restrictive asylum policies on the number and group composition of asylum seekers. We model the choices of refugees and traffickers about whether to migrate and to apply for asylum. Counter-intuitively, restrictive asylum policies do not lead to a reduction in the inflow of refugees or to a better selection of asylum seekers. Instead, we show that under conditions outside the control of policy makers these policies can increase the number of asylum claims and the number of refugees working in slave-like conditions and prevent some of those most in need of protection from accessing it.

    Optimal discretion in asylum lawmaking

    No full text
    This paper develops a regulatory competition model to study whether and how refugee law should be centralized, and what are the consequences for refugees and for host countries. Varying refugee flows across countries lead some destinations to adopt strict measures. The resulting externality leads to a generalized “race to the bottom” of asylum law. Neither fixed nor minimum standard harmonization are found to be in the interest of both host countries. Especially the most popular destinations like EU border countries would suffer from losing discretion. However, minimum standards would benefit refugees and less popular destinations.Competition in law making ; Asylum law ; European law ; Flexible law ; Human rights

    Optimal discretion in asylum lawmaking

    No full text
    This paper develops a regulatory competition model to study whether and how refugee law should be centralized, and what are the consequences for refugees and for host countries. Varying refugee flows across countries lead some destinations to adopt strict measures. The resulting externality leads to a generalized "race to the bottom" of asylum law. Neither fixed nor minimum standard harmonization are found to be in the interest of both host countries. Especially the most popular destinations like EU border countries would suffer from losing discretion. However, minimum standards would benefit refugees and less popular destinations.Competition in law making Asylum law European law Flexible law Human rights
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