Comparativo entre métodos de quantificação de perda volumétrica em colheita mecanizada de plantios de Eucalyptus

Orientadora : Profa. Dra. Ana Paula Dalla CorteMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Especialização MBA em Manejo Florestal de PrecisãoInclui referências: p. 24Resumo: A perda de volume de madeira no processo de colheita mecanizada tem sido uma problemática importante em áreas em florestas com fins comerciais e que representa um prejuízo econômico expressivo para as empresas do setor. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar dois métodos de quantificação e identificação de volume de madeira perdido (m³ha-1) em áreas com florestas plantadas com o gênero Eucalyptus em fazendas pertencentes à empresa produtora de celulose situada na cidade de Guaíba, RS. Foram utilizados o método de medição por meio de imagens aéreas (IA), obtidas através de sobrevoos realizados com drone e o método de medição operacional (MO) já adotado pela empresa, que é realizado com base em medições diretas em campo, executado por equipe especializada em controle de qualidade florestal. O método IA apresentou vantagens em relação a maior abrangência de áreas a serem amostradas e também possibilidade de flexibilizar a intensidade amostral, no entanto, não permite a medição de altura de cepas, importante parâmetro de controle de qualidade na colheita florestal. Além disso, o custo do método IA para as áreas amostradas, em comparação ao método MO, foi superior. Portanto, embora os dois métodos possuam desvantagens operacionais, as vantagens apresentadas pelo método IA não asseguram a substituição de metodologia.Abstract: The loss of wood volume in the mechanized harvesting process has been an important problem in areas in forests for commercial purposes and which represents a significant economic loss for companies in the sector. The present study aimed to compare two methods of quantification and identification of lost wood volume (m??ha-1) in areas with forests planted with the genus Eucalyptus on farms belonging to the pulp producing company located in the city of Guaíba, RS. We used the measurement method by means of aerial images (AI), obtained through overflights carried out with drone and the operational measurement method (MO) already adopted by the company, which is carried out based on direct measurements in the field, performed by a team specialized in forest quality control. The IA method presented advantages in relation to the greater range of areas to be sampled and also the possibility of making the sampling intensity more flexible, however, it does not allow the measurement of height of strains, an important parameter of quality control in the forest harvest. In addition, the cost of the IA method for the sampled areas compared to the MO method was higher. Therefore, although both methods have operational disadvantages, the advantages presented by the IA method do not guarantee the substitution of methodology

Padronização e otimização de atividades envolvidas na silvicultura

A defesa do trabalho de conclusão é baseada no estágio obrigatório que foi realizado no setor florestal da empresa CMPC Celulose Riograndense, no Projeto de Reengenharia de Processos. Esse projeto tem por objetivo, a otimização e padronização de todas as atividades envolvidas no cultivo de eucalipto, o que converge para a obtenção de madeira em menor tempo, tendo em vista, o projeto de expansão da empresa. As atividades foram baseadas em acompanhamento das equipes florestais, utilizando diário de bordo; coleta de tempos de cada etapa das operações; elaboração de relatórios de visitas a campo, descrevendo as etapas dos processos e metodologias de trabalho de cada equipe; sugestões de melhorias, a partir de novas práticas ou tecnologias; avaliação dos solos dos hortos visitados, atribuindo características sobre a erodibilidade, presença de afloramento rochoso e outras informações que possam ser relevantes

Carbon sequestration in clay and silt fractions of Brazilian soils under conventional and no-tillage systems

The capacity of soils to sequestrate carbon (C) is mainly related to the formation of organo-mineral complexes. In this study, we investigated the influence of soil management systems on the C retention capacity of soil with an emphasis on the silt and clay fractions of two subtropical soils with different mineralogy and climate. Samples from a Humic Hapludox and a Rhodic Hapludox, clayey soils cultivated for approximately 30 years under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were collected from six layers distributed within 100-cm soil depth from each site and from an adjacent native forest. After the removal of particulate organic matter (POM), the suspension (<53 μm) was sonicated, the silt and clay fractions were separated in accordance with Stokes' law and the carbon content of whole soil and physical fractions was determined. In the Humic Hapludox, the clay and silt fractions under NT showed a higher maximum C retention (72 and 52 g kg−1, respectively) in comparison to those under CT (54 and 38 g kg−1, respectively). Moreover, the C concentration increase in both fractions under NT occurred mainly in the topsoil (up to 5 cm). The C retention in physical fractions of Rhodic Hapludox varied from 25 to 32 g kg−1, and no difference was observed whether under an NT or a CT management system. The predominance of goethite and gibbsite in the Humic Hapludox, as well as its exposure to a colder climate, may have contributed to its greater C retention capacity. In addition to the organo-mineral interaction, a mechanism of organic matter self-assemblage, enhanced by longer periods of soil non-disturbance, seems to have contributed to the carbon stabilization in both soils

Carbon sequestration in clay and silt fractions of Brazilian soils under conventional and no-tillage systems

The capacity of soils to sequestrate carbon (C) is mainly related to the formation of organo-mineral complexes. In this study, we investigated the influence of soil management systems on the C retention capacity of soil with an emphasis on the silt and clay fractions of two subtropical soils with different mineralogy and climate. Samples from a Humic Hapludox and a Rhodic Hapludox, clayey soils cultivated for approximately 30 years under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were collected from six layers distributed within 100-cm soil depth from each site and from an adjacent native forest. After the removal of particulate organic matter (POM), the suspension

Carbon sequestration in clay and silt fractions of Brazilian soils under conventional and no-tillage systems

The capacity of soils to sequestrate carbon (C) is mainly related to the formation of organo-mineral complexes. In this study, we investigated the influence of soil management systems on the C retention capacity of soil with an emphasis on the silt and clay fractions of two subtropical soils with different mineralogy and climate. Samples from a Humic Hapludox and a Rhodic Hapludox, clayey soils cultivated for approximately 30 years under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were collected from six layers distributed within 100-cm soil depth from each site and from an adjacent native forest. After the removal of particulate organic matter (POM), the suspension (<53 μm) was sonicated, the silt and clay fractions were separated in accordance with Stokes' law and the carbon content of whole soil and physical fractions was determined. In the Humic Hapludox, the clay and silt fractions under NT showed a higher maximum C retention (72 and 52 g kg−1, respectively) in comparison to those under CT (54 and 38 g kg−1, respectively). Moreover, the C concentration increase in both fractions under NT occurred mainly in the topsoil (up to 5 cm). The C retention in physical fractions of Rhodic Hapludox varied from 25 to 32 g kg−1, and no difference was observed whether under an NT or a CT management system. The predominance of goethite and gibbsite in the Humic Hapludox, as well as its exposure to a colder climate, may have contributed to its greater C retention capacity. In addition to the organo-mineral interaction, a mechanism of organic matter self-assemblage, enhanced by longer periods of soil non-disturbance, seems to have contributed to the carbon stabilization in both soils

Guidance on mucositis assessment from the MASCC Mucositis Study Group and ISOO: an international Delphi studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common practice, mucositis assessment is heterogeneously adopted and poorly guided, impacting evidence synthesis and translation. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Mucositis Study Group (MSG) therefore aimed to establish expert recommendations for how existing mucositis assessment tools should be used, in clinical care and trials contexts, to improve the consistency of mucositis assessment. Methods: This study was conducted over two stages (January 2022–July 2023). The first phase involved a survey to MASCC-MSG members (January 2022–May 2022), capturing current practices, challenges and preferences. These then informed the second phase, in which a set of initial recommendations were prepared and refined using the Delphi method (February 2023–May 2023). Consensus was defined as agreement on a parameter by >80% of respondents. Findings: Seventy-two MASCC-MSG members completed the first phase of the study (37 females, 34 males, mainly oral care specialists). High variability was noted in the use of mucositis assessment tools, with a high reliance on clinician assessment compared to patient reported outcome measures (PROMs, 47% vs 3%, 37% used a combination). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scales were most commonly used to assess mucositis across multiple settings. Initial recommendations were reviewed by experienced MSG members and following two rounds of Delphi survey consensus was achieved in 91 of 100 recommendations. For example, in patients receiving chemotherapy, the recommended tool for clinician assessment in clinical practice is WHO for oral mucositis (89.5% consensus), and WHO or CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (85.7% consensus). The recommended PROM in clinical trials is OMD/WQ for oral mucositis (93.3% consensus), and PRO-CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (83.3% consensus). Interpretation: These new recommendations provide much needed guidance on mucositis assessment and may be applied in both clinical practice and research to streamline comparison and synthesis of global data sets, thus accelerating translation of new knowledge into clinical practice. Funding: No funding was received