Volume 36 (2004)

The 2004 edition of The Broad River Review was edited by C. V. Davis and Jennifer Menster. The publication contains fiction, non-fiction, poetry, art, and photography by student, regional, and national writers and artists. The cover photograph, Yellow Leaves, was taken by Lee Adams. The winner of the J. Calvin Koontz poetry award, given annually for a portfolio of poetry to a senior English major, is Chris Armstrong. The Broad River Review Editor\u27s Prizes in Fiction and Poetry are chosen among all submissions from Gardner-Webb University students.The winner of the prize in poetry is Lydia Johnson and fiction is Charles Stroup. Student art award winners include: Jason Bruner, Jason Elmore, Erik Wince, Emily Davis, and Leeanna Woodworth. Student photography award winners include: Scott Holstein, Joel Fluty, Lee Adams, and Anne Cecile Normand.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/brreview/1010/thumbnail.jp

Volume 37 (2005)

The 2005 edition of The Broad River Review was edited by C. V. Davis and Jennifer Menster. The publication contains fiction, non-fiction, poetry, art, and photography. The cover was photographed by Hal Bryant. This issue is dedicated to former faculty editor Joyce Compton Brown. The winner of the J. Calvin Koontz poetry award, given annually for a portfolio of poetry to a senior English major, is Nicole Hemric. The Broad River Review Editor\u27s Prizes in Fiction and Poetry are chosen among all submissions from Gardner-Webb University students. The award winner for the poetry award is Summer Hess and the fiction award is Scott Holstein.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/brreview/1011/thumbnail.jp

My Sister, Our Stories: Exploring the Lived Experience of School Leavers through Narrative and Poetics

The purpose of this study was to explore the educational experiences of two adult female siblings who are both school leavers. Through the use of thematic narrative analysis, sibling narratives and poetic re-presentations, their stories were developed. These stories represent the participants’ experiences of prior schooling and their current commitments to education. While each story conveyed a profound similarity in terms of prior schooling, contrasting narratives were illustrated through description of transitional moments and sibling relationship. The analysis also explored the intersections of race, gender,and social class within educative moments of the life experiences of the participants

Volume 35 (2003)

The 2003 edition of The Broad River Review was edited by C. V. Davis, Tony Morris, and Jennifer Menster. The publication contains fiction; non-fiction; poetry; art; and photography by student; regional; and national writers and artists. The Broad River Review Editor\u27s Prizes in Fiction and Poetry are chosen among all submissions from Gardner-Webb University students. The winner of the poetry award was David Wayne Hampton for his poem, And Now I Remeber. The winner of the fiction award was Jonathan Wood for his work, Milk of Paradise. Student art award winners include: Charlie Baber; Cora Oglesby; Ignacio Arana. The cover photograph, Downpour; was taken by Wendy Shockley.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/brreview/1009/thumbnail.jp

Combinatorial Effects of Double Cardiomyopathy Mutant Alleles in Rodent Myocytes: A Predictive Cellular Model of Myofilament Dysregulation in Disease

Inherited cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a diverse group of cardiac muscle diseases that present with a broad spectrum of symptoms ranging from benign to highly malignant. Contributing to this genetic complexity and clinical heterogeneity is the emergence of a cohort of patients that are double or compound heterozygotes who have inherited two different CM mutant alleles in the same or different sarcomeric gene. These patients typically have early disease onset with worse clinical outcomes. Little experimental attention has been directed towards elucidating the physiologic basis of double CM mutations at the cellular-molecular level. Here, dual gene transfer to isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes was used to determine the primary effects of co-expressing two different CM-linked mutant proteins on intact cardiac myocyte contractile physiology. Dual expression of two CM mutants, that alone moderately increase myofilament activation, tropomyosin mutant A63V and cardiac troponin mutant R146G, were shown to additively slow myocyte relaxation beyond either mutant studied in isolation. These results were qualitatively similar to a combination of moderate and strong activating CM mutant alleles αTmA63V and cTnI R193H, which approached a functional threshold. Interestingly, a combination of a CM myofilament deactivating mutant, troponin C G159D, together with an activating mutant, cTnIR193H, produced a hybrid phenotype that blunted the strong activating phenotype of cTnIR193H alone. This is evidence of neutralizing effects of activating/deactivating mutant alleles in combination. Taken together, this combinatorial mutant allele functional analysis lends molecular insight into disease severity and forms the foundation for a predictive model to deconstruct the myriad of possible CM double mutations in presenting patients

The Impact of National Smoking Prevention Campaigns on Tobacco-Related Beliefs, Intentions to Smoke and Smoking Initiation: Results from a Longitudinal Survey of Youth in the United States

The national truth© campaign has exposed U.S. youth to antismoking messages since 2000. Tobacco industry–sponsored campaigns, such as “Think. Don’t Smoke” (TDS), have also aired nationally. We examine the effects of recall of the truth© and TDS campaigns on changes in tobacco-related beliefs, intentions, and smoking initiation in a longitudinal survey of U.S. youth. Recall of truth© was associated with increased agreement with antismoking beliefs, decreased smoking intentions, and lower rates of smoking initiation. Recall of TDS was associated with increased intentions to smoke soon but was not significantly associated with tobacco beliefs or smoking initiation among youth overall

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: An International Update on the Comparative Performance of American Health Care

Using data from patient and physician surveys, finds that the U.S. healthcare system ranks last or next-to-last when comparing healthcare performance against that of five other nations -- Australia, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, the United Kingdom

Orotracheal intubation in infants performed with a stylet versus without a stylet

Background: Neonatal endotracheal intubation is a common and potentially life-saving intervention. It is a mandatory skill for neonatal trainees, but one that is difficult to master and maintain. Intubation opportunities for trainees are decreasing and success rates are subsequently falling. Use of a stylet may aid intubation and improve success. However, the potential for associated harm must be considered. Objectives To compare the benefits and harms of neonatal orotracheal intubation with a stylet versus neonatal orotracheal intubation without a stylet. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; Embase; the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and previous reviews. We also searched cross-references, contacted expert informants, handsearched journals, and looked at conference proceedings. We searched clinical trials registries for current and recently completed trials. We conducted our most recent search in April 2017. Selection criteria All randomised, quasi–randomised, and cluster-randomised controlled trials comparing use versus non-use of a stylet in neonatal orotracheal intubation. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently assessed results of searches against predetermined criteria for inclusion, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. We used the standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration, as documented in the Cochrane Handbook for Systemic Reviews of Interventions, and of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. Main results: We included a single-centre non-blinded randomised controlled trial that reported a total of 302 intubation attempts in 232 infants. The median gestational age of enrolled infants was 29 weeks. Paediatric residents and fellows performed the intubations. We judged the study to be at low risk of bias overall. Investigators compared success rates of first-attempt intubation with and without use of a stylet and reported success rates as similar between stylet and no-stylet groups (57% and 53%) (P = 0.47). Success rates did not differ between groups in subgroup analyses by provider level of training and infant weight. Results showed no differences in secondary review outcomes, including duration of intubation, number of attempts, participant instability during the procedure, and local airway trauma. Only 25% of all intubations took less than 30 seconds to perform. Study authors did not report neonatal morbidity nor mortality. We considered the quality of evidence as low on GRADE analysis, given that we identified only one unblinded study. Authors' conclusions: Current available evidence suggests that use of a stylet during neonatal orotracheal intubation does not significantly improve the success rate among paediatric trainees. However, only one brand of stylet and one brand of endotracheal tube have been tested, and researchers performed all intubations on infants in a hospital setting. Therefore, our results cannot be generalised beyond these limitations

Antibody responses to a Cryptosporidium parvum rCP15/60 vaccine

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic apicomplexa-protozoan pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in mammals worldwide. The organism is transmitted by ingestion of oocysts, which are shed in faeces, and completes its lifecycle in a single host.^1^ C. parvum is ubiquitous on dairy operations worldwide and is one of the leading causes of diarrhoea in calves on these farms.^2,3^ Here, for the first time, we describe the antibody response in a large group of cows to a recombinant C. parvum oocyst surface protein (rCP15/60) vaccine and the antibody response in calves fed rCP15/60-immune colostrum produced by these vaccinated cows. Results of recent genotype surveys indicate that calves are the only major reservoir for C. parvum infections in humans.^4^ Human C. parvum infections are particularly prevalent and often fatal in neonates in developing countries and to immunocompromised people, such as AIDs patients.^4^ Drug therapy against cryptosporidiosis is limited and not wholly efficacious in either humans or calves^5^, making development of an effective vaccine of paramount importance. To date, there is no commercially available effective vaccine against C. parvum, although passive immunization utilizing different zoite surface (glyco)proteins has showed promise.^6-9^ All cows we vaccinated produced an antibody response to the rCP15/60 vaccine and the magnitude of response correlated strongly with the subsequent level of antibody in their colostrum. All calves fed rCP15/60-immune colostrum showed a dose-dependent absorption of antibody. Our results demonstrate that vaccination of cows with rCP15/60 successfully induces antibodies against CP15/60 in their serum and colostrum and that these antibodies are then well absorbed when fed to neonatal calves. With further research, this C. parvum vaccine may well be a practical method of conferring passive protection to calves against cryptosporidiosis. Furthermore, a specifically targeted immune-colostrum may be valuable in protection and treatment of immunocompromised human patients with cryptosporidiosis