A Note on Firms' Strategic Behaviour During an IPO

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The importance of grand-canonical quantum mechanical methods to describe the effect of electrode potential on the stability of intermediates involved in both electrochemical CO_2 reduction and hydrogen evolution

The rational design of electrocatalysts to convert CO_2 to fuel requires predicting the effect of the electrode potential (U) on the binding and structures of the intermediates involved in CO_2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER). In this study, we used grand-canonical quantum mechanics (GC-QM) to keep the potential constant during the reactions (rather than keeping the charge constant as in standard QM) to investigate the effect of Uon adsorption free energies (ΔGs) of 14 CO_2ER intermediates on Cu(111) as well as the intermediates involved in the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In contrast to most previous theoretical studies where ΔGs were calculated under constant charge (= 0, neutral), we calculated ΔGs under constant potential (U = 0.0, −0.5, −1.0, and −1.5 V_(SHE)). By comparing the ΔGs calculated under constant U (= 0.0 V_(SHE)) to those calculated under constant charge, we found differences up to 0.22 eV which would change the rates at 298 K by a factor of about 5300. In particular we found that the adsorption of species with a C O functional group (i.e., *COOH, *CO, and *CHO) strengthened by up to 0.16 eV as U became more negative by 1 V, whereas the adsorption of –O– species (i.e., *OH, *OCH3, *COH, and *CHOH) weakened by up to 0.20 eV. For the (111) index surfaces of Cu, Au, Ag, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt and Rh, we investigated the effect of U on the reaction free energy (ΔG) at pH = 0 for the crucial elementary steps for CO_2ER (*CO + (H+/e−) → *CHO, ΔG = (ΔG_(*CHO) – ΔG_(*CO)) + eU) and HER (* + (H+/e−) → *H, ΔG = ΔG_(*H) + eU. Our results indicated that the influence of U on (ΔG_(*CHO) – ΔG_(*CO)) was metal dependent. In contrast, the energy for converting a proton in solution to H* on the surface, ΔG_(*H), was barely affected by U(for the studied metals). Overall we found substantial differences (MAD > 0.18 eV) between the ΔGs calculated under U = −1.0 V_(SHE) (relevant to experiments) and those calculated under constant charge (= 0, neutral) common to most theoretical investigations. Therefore, we strongly recommend application GC-QM to obtain accurate energetics for CO_2ER

BASA SULUK PEDHALANGANKI SUKRON SUWONDO ING PAGELARAN RINGGIT PURWA (Tintingan Stilistika)

Ahmad Mugsan, Prof. Dr. Udjang Pairin, M. Pd Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Daerah (Jawa) Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Surabaya [email protected]   Abstrak   Ki Sukron Suwondo minangka salah sawijine dhalang kang nduweni titikan kang mligi ing pagelarane. Saliyane kaendahan uga nengenake pesen kang bisa didudut saka pagelarane. Basa kang digunakake uga mligi mula panliti njupuk irah-irahan  Basa Suluk Pedhalangan Ki Sukron Suwondo ing Pagelaran Ringgit Purwa. Awit saka andharan ing ndhuwur bisa didudut undering panliten yaiku (1) Suluk apa wae kang digunakake Ki Sukron Suwondo sajrone pagelaran wayang?, (2) Kepriye lelewaning basa lan nile estetik kang tuwuh sajrone panganggone basa sulukan pedhalangan Ki Sukron Suwondo?, (3)Apa wae makna lan nilai kang kinandhut ing sajrone basa suluk pedhalangan Ki Sukron? Dene tujuwan saka panliten iki yaiku (1) Ngandharake  basa suluk pedhalangan Ki Sukron Suwondo sajrone pagelaran wayang., (2) Ngandharake basa suluk  pedhalangan lan nile estetik kang tuwuh sajrone panganggone suluk  Ki Sukron Suwondo. (3) Njlentrehake makna lan nilai kang kinandhut ing sajrone basa suluk pedhalangan Ki Sukron Suwondo.  Panliten iki kalebu panliten dheskriptif kualitatif kang gegayutan karo tintingan stilistika. Stilistika dipilih amarga stilistika ngrembag ngenani gaya bisa nggambarake komposisi kang dipilih pangripta sajrone ngandharake kedadeyan ana sajrone geguritan lan tembang, punjere bisa nggambarake gaya lan kualitas pangriptane. Sumber data utamane yaiku video pagelaran Ki Sukron Suwondo kang banjur ditranskripsi. Dene data sajrone panliten iki yaiku satuan linguistik kang ana ing basa suluk pedhalangan Ki Sukron Suwondo. Data asil transkripsi banjur diklarifikasi kanthi wawancara, banjur diklasifikasi  lan diandharake. Saka data kang wis dipikolehi bisa dingerteni yen Basa Suluk Pedhalangan Ki Sukron Suwondo nggunakake suluk pakem lan suluk garapan. Dene lelewane basa kang digunakake yaiku majas, diksi, lan purwakanthi. Saliyane nduwe fungsi kanggo ngrenggo swasana suluk uga ngandhut makna tartamtu. Makna kang ana sajrone suluk pedhalangan Ki Sukron Suwondo yaiku, makna religius, makna sosial, makna historis, lan makna dedaktis

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Buku ini mengkaji dan menganalisis naskah-naskah lama di antaranya naskah dari daerah Surakarta yang berjudul Musthikaning Kidung, isinya tentang Ajaran Islam. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam naskah ini adalah nilai Pendidikan dan Budi Pekerti. Nilai-nilai seperti ini sangat menunjang pembangunan, baik fisik maupun spirituil

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Predstavljena je nova metoda intenzivne plastične deformacije – višefazno sabijanje V-alatom. Koristeći ovu metodu, sabijanjem u osamnaest faza, unapređene su mehaničke osobine niskougljeničnog čelika Č.1221 – tvrdoća, čvrstoća i deformabilnost. Za ispitivanje mikrostrukture korišćeni su svetlosni, skening i transmisioni mikroskop. Prosečna veličina kristalnog zrna početnog materijala od 19 mikrometara je smanjena na 250 nanometara nakon dvanaest faza sabijanja. Nakon osamnaest faza sabijanja na čelu uzorka ostvarena je ukupna deformacija u iznosu od 3,38.A new severe plastic deformation method has been presented - multistage upsetting by V-shape dies. By using this method, in eighteen upsetting stages, mechanical propreties (hardness, strenght and formability) of C15E low carbon steel has been improved. For microstructure analysis light, scanning and transmission microscopes have been employed. Initial average grain size of 19 μm has been reduced to 250 nm after twelve upsetting stages. After eighteen upsetting stages, total effective deformation at the sample forehead of 3,38 has been obtained

Expert systems in technical services and collection management

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