Ethics, Prince Charles and the modernists

Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 18. bis 21. Juni 1992 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Architektur und Macht

The Turtle Garden: Tan Kah Kee’s last spiritual world

This paper explores the role of diasporic subjects in China’s heritage-making through a case study of the Turtle Garden built by Tan Kah Kee in Xiamen, China. Tan is the first person with Overseas Chinese background who built museums in the P.R. China and has been regarded as a symbol of Overseas Chinese patriotism. This paper argues that the Turtle Garden, conceptualised as a postcolonial ‘carnivalesque’ space, is more than a civic museum for public education. It reflects the owner’s highly complex and sometimes conflicting museum outlook embedded in his life experience as a migrant, his encounter with (British) colonialism in Malaya, and integrated with his desire and despair about the Chinese Communist Party’s nation-building project in the 1950s. Rather than a sign of devotion to the socialist motherland as simplistically depicted in China’s discourse, the garden symbolises Tan’s last ‘spiritual world’ where he simultaneously engaged with soul-searching as a returned Overseas Chinese and alternative diasporic imagining of Chinese identities and nation. It brings to light the value of heritage-making outside centralised heritage discourses, and offers an invaluable analytical lens to disentangle the contested and ever shifting relationship between diasporic subjects, cultural heritage and nation-(re)building in the Chinese context and beyond

The Monument as Ruin: Natality, Spectrality, and the History of the Image in the Tirana Independence Monument

This article examines the Tirana Independence Monument, first inaugurated in November of 2012 on the hundredth anniversary of Albanian independence from the Ottoman Empire. The monument, designed by Visar Obrija and Kai Roman Kiklas, swiftly fell into disrepair until it was recently renovated in November of 2015. The article analyzes the monument’s function in terms of its doubled existence as a sign of perpetual natality (the possibility of the rebirth of national consciousness) and as a ruin with a spectral pseudo-presence (as an object that continually reminds us of the disjunctures that divorce the present from its historicity). It considers the way the monument’s inauguration relates to the politics of monumentality in contemporary Albania, and argues that the monument’s gradual ruination between 2012 and 2015 can be read as a particular manifestation of the history of the image in late capitalist society.Keywords: spectrality, natality, monumentality, Albania, Tirana, independence, national identity, grid, public sculptur

Characterization of inhibitory effects of NH 2 OH and its N-methyl derivatives on the O 2 -evolving complex of Photosystem II

Inorganic cofactors (Mn, Ca 2+ and Cl - ) are essential for oxidation of H 2 O to O 2 by Photosystem II. The Mn reductants NH 2 OH and its N-methyl derivatives have been employed as probes to further examine the interactions between these species and Mn at the active site of H 2 O oxidation. Results of these studies show that the size of a hydroxylamine derivative regulates its ability to inactivate O 2 evolution activity, and that this size-dependent inhibition behavior arises from the protein structure of Photosystem II. A set of anions (Cl - , F - and SO 4 2- ) is able to slow NH 2 OH and CH 3 NHOH inactivation of intact Photosystem II membranes by exerting a stabilizing influence on the extrinsic 23 and 17 kDa polypeptides. In contrast to this non-specific anion effect, only Cl - is capable of attenuating CH 3 NHOH and (CH 3 ) 2 NOH inhibition in salt-washed preparations lacking the 23 and 17 kDa polypeptides. However, Cl - fails to protect against NH 2 OH inhibition in salt-washed membranes. These results indicate that the attack by NH 2 OH and its N-methyl derivatives on Mn occurs at different sites in the O 2 -evolving complex. The small reductant NH 2 OH acts at a Cl - -insensitive site whereas the inhibitions by CH 3 NHOH and (CH 3 ) 2 NOH involve a site that is Cl - sensitive. These findings are consistent with earlier studies showing that the size of primary amines controls the Cl - sensitivity of their binding to Mn in the O 2 -evolving complex.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43537/1/11120_2004_Article_BF00046773.pd