2,102 research outputs found
On the Miura map between the dispersionless KP and dispersionless modified KP hierarchies
We investigate the Miura map between the dispersionless KP and dispersionless
modified KP hierarchies. We show that the Miura map is canonical with respect
to their bi-Hamiltonian structures. Moreover, inspired by the works of Takasaki
and Takebe, the twistor construction of solution structure for the
dispersionless modified KP hierarchy is given.Comment: 19 pages, Latex, no figure
Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides
We demonstrate a novel mechanism for low power optical detection and modulation in a slotted waveguide geometry filled with nonlinear electro-optic polymers. The nanoscale confinement of the optical mode, combined with its close proximity to electrical contacts, enables the direct conversion of optical energy to electrical energy, without external bias, via optical rectification, and also enhances electro-optic modulation. We demonstrate this process for power levels in the sub-milliwatt regime, as compared to the kilowatt regime in which optical nonlinear effects are typically observed at short length scales. Our results suggest that a new class of detectors based on nonlinear optics may be practical
Spin Relaxation in Single Layer Graphene with Tunable Mobility
Graphene is an attractive material for spintronics due to theoretical
predictions of long spin lifetimes arising from low spin-orbit and hyperfine
couplings. In experiments, however, spin lifetimes in single layer graphene
(SLG) measured via Hanle effects are much shorter than expected theoretically.
Thus, the origin of spin relaxation in SLG is a major issue for graphene
spintronics. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental work addressing
this question, there is still little clarity on the microscopic origin of spin
relaxation. By using organic ligand-bound nanoparticles as charge reservoirs to
tune mobility between 2700 and 12000 cm2/Vs, we successfully isolate the effect
of charged impurity scattering on spin relaxation in SLG. Our results
demonstrate that while charged impurities can greatly affect mobility, the spin
lifetimes are not affected by charged impurity scattering.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
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An ANGPTL4-ceramide-protein kinase Cζ axis mediates chronic glucocorticoid exposure-induced hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia in mice.
Chronic or excess glucocorticoid exposure causes lipid disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. Angptl4 (angiopoietin-like 4), a primary target gene of the glucocorticoid receptor in hepatocytes and adipocytes, is required for hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Angptl4 has also been shown to be required for dexamethasone-induced hepatic ceramide production. Here, we further examined the role of ceramide-mediated signaling in hepatic dyslipidemia caused by chronic glucocorticoid exposure. Using a stable isotope-labeling technique, we found that dexamethasone treatment induced the rate of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis. These dexamethasone responses were compromised in Angptl4-null mice (Angptl4-/-). Treating mice with myriocin, an inhibitor of the rate-controlling enzyme of de novo ceramide synthesis, serine palmitoyltransferase long-chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1)/SPTLC2, decreased dexamethasone-induced plasma and liver triglyceride levels in WT but not Angptl4-/- mice. We noted similar results in mice infected with adeno-associated virus-expressing small hairpin RNAs targeting Sptlc2. Protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator (PP2A) and protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) are two known downstream effectors of ceramides. We found here that mice treated with an inhibitor of PKCζ, 2-acetyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione (ACPD), had lower levels of dexamethasone-induced triglyceride accumulation in plasma and liver. However, small hairpin RNA-mediated targeting of the catalytic PP2A subunit (Ppp2ca) had no effect on dexamethasone responses on plasma and liver triglyceride levels. Overall, our results indicate that chronic dexamethasone treatment induces an ANGPTL4-ceramide-PKCζ axis that activates hepatic de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis, resulting in lipid disorders
Ultrathin Oxide Films by Atomic Layer Deposition on Graphene
In this paper, a method is presented to create and characterize mechanically
robust, free standing, ultrathin, oxide films with controlled, nanometer-scale
thickness using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on graphene. Aluminum oxide films
were deposited onto suspended graphene membranes using ALD. Subsequent etching
of the graphene left pure aluminum oxide films only a few atoms in thickness. A
pressurized blister test was used to determine that these ultrathin films have
a Young's modulus of 154 \pm 13 GPa. This Young's modulus is comparable to much
thicker alumina ALD films. This behavior indicates that these ultrathin
two-dimensional films have excellent mechanical integrity. The films are also
impermeable to standard gases suggesting they are pinhole-free. These
continuous ultrathin films are expected to enable new applications in fields
such as thin film coatings, membranes and flexible electronics.Comment: Nano Letters (just accepted
Real-time diagnostics of gas/water assisted injection moulding using integrated ultrasonic sensors
YesAn ultrasound sensor system has been applied to the mould of both the water and gas assisted
injection moulding processes. The mould has a cavity wall mounted pressure sensor and instrumentation to
monitor the injection moulding machine. Two ultrasound sensors are used to monitor the arrival of the fluid
(gas or water) bubble tip through the detection of reflected ultrasound energy from the fluid polymer
boundary and the fluid bubble tip velocity through the polymer melt is estimated. The polymer contact with
the cavity wall is observed through the reflected ultrasound energy from that boundary. A theoretically
based estimation of the residual wall thickness is made using the ultrasound reflection from the fluid (gas or
water) polymer boundary whilst the samples are still inside the mould and a good correlation with a physical
measurement is observed
Synthesis of Diarylthiobarbituric acid Chromophores with Enhanced Second-order Optical Nonlinearities and Thermal Stability
In summary, the compounds reported here demonstrate that it is possible to design chromophores that simultaneously exhibit large nonlinearity and good thermal stability. Furthermore, with the synthesis of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiobarbituric acid, we believe that it should be possible to covalently incorporate these and other rather nonlinear chromophores into poled polymers at high concentrations. Experiments to test this hypothesis are in progress
A new measurement of antineutrino oscillation with the full detector configuration at Daya Bay
We report a new measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance using the
fully-constructed Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. The final two of eight
antineutrino detectors were installed in the summer of 2012. Including the 404
days of data collected from October 2012 to November 2013 resulted in a total
exposure of 6.910 GW-ton-days, a 3.6 times increase over
our previous results. Improvements in energy calibration limited variations
between detectors to 0.2%. Removal of six Am-C radioactive
calibration sources reduced the background by a factor of two for the detectors
in the experimental hall furthest from the reactors. Direct prediction of the
antineutrino signal in the far detectors based on the measurements in the near
detectors explicitly minimized the dependence of the measurement on models of
reactor antineutrino emission. The uncertainties in our estimates of
and were halved as a result of these
improvements. Analysis of the relative antineutrino rates and energy spectra
between detectors gave and eV in the three-neutrino
framework.Comment: Updated to match final published versio
Activity and Process Stability of Purified Green Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Pectin Methylesterase
Pectin methylesterase (PME) from green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) was extracted and purified by affinity chromatography on a CNBr-Sepharose-PMEI column. A single protein peak with pectin methylesterase activity was observed. For the pepper PME, a biochemical characterization in terms of molar mass (MM), isoelectric points (pI), and kinetic parameters for activity and thermostability was performed. The optimum pH for PME activity at 22 °C was 7.5, and its optimum temperature at neutral pH was between 52.5 and 55.0 °C. The purified pepper PME required the presence of 0.13 M NaCl for optimum activity. Isothermal inactivation of purified pepper PME in 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.5) could be described by a fractional conversion model for lower temperatures (55?57 °C) and a biphasic model for higher temperatures (58?70 °C). The enzyme showed a stable behavior toward high-pressure/temperature treatments. Keywords: Capsicum annuum; pepper; pectin methylesterase; purification; characterization; thermal and high-pressure stabilit
Inhibiting the oncogenic translation program is an effective therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2017 May 10; 9(389). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2668.Multiple myeloma (MM) is a frequently incurable hematological cancer in which overactivity of MYC plays a central role, notably through up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis and translation. To better understand the oncogenic program driven by MYC and investigate its potential as a therapeutic target, we screened a chemically diverse small-molecule library for anti-MM activity. The most potent hits identified were rocaglate scaffold inhibitors of translation initiation. Expression profiling of MM cells revealed reversion of the oncogenic MYC-driven transcriptional program by CMLD010509, the most promising rocaglate. Proteome-wide reversion correlated with selective depletion of short-lived proteins that are key to MM growth and survival, most notably MYC, MDM2, CCND1, MAF, and MCL-1. The efficacy of CMLD010509 in mouse models of MM confirmed the therapeutic relevance of these findings in vivo and supports the feasibility of targeting the oncogenic MYC-driven translation program in MM with rocaglates
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