Orešac, Archaeological Excavations in 2008

Rad donosi sažeti prikaz istraživanja provedenih na višeslojnom lokalitetu Orešac u općini Suhopolje kod Virovitice. Ovo je nastavak istraživanja iz 2007. godine te je prošlogodišnja sonda produbljena i proširena. Definirane su nove arheološke cjeline i slojevi iz vremena kasne antike. Među brojnim i raznovrsnim nalazima pozornost privlači velika količina troske i nekoliko ulomaka peći, što zajedno upućuje na postojanje metalurške djelatnosti.The excavations of 2008 are a follow-up of the trial excavation done in 2007. The trial trench was deepened and broadened southward, and a total of 40 m² was excavated. Several layers and burials from Late Antiquity were excavated, although their context is difficult to determine, since a small surface was excavated. In the excavated complexes, a large quantity of various types of Roman pottery was found. The most frequent is coarse pottery, but there is also a large share of terra sigillata. Apart from coarse pottery, ceramics used in building construction (tubuli, tegulae, imbrices) and metal forging vessels were discovered as well. Among the glass artefacts, diverse vessel fragments prevail, and several armband and bead fragments were found too. Only a single bone token was found. Further tokens were uncovered which were made of stone and ceramic, along with whetstones and grindstones. The appearance of dross among the finds needs to be pointed out, as it appears in a much larger quantity in the broadened part of the trial trench than in the 2007. Along with dross, several fragments of fired bricks were found; since the bricks were fired only on one side, they may have been part of a kiln. Large quantities of dross and kiln fragments together suggest the existence of metallurgical activities, which rounds out the understanding of Bolentio thus far

Rustična vila na Bunjama kod Novog Sela na otoku Braču

U radu se govori o rimskoj rustičnoj vili smještenoj na sjeveroistočnom dijelu otoka Brača, nedaleko od Novog Sela, na predjelu Bunje. Raspravlja se o zemljopisnom položaju lokaliteta, zastupljenosti u literaturi, zatečenom stanju i sadržajima lokaliteta. Na lokalitetu uz tragove poljoprivredne djelatnosti autorica prepoznaje i tragove klesarskog obrta. Nadalje se raspravlja pitanje kontinuiteta naseljenosti od prvih stoljeća nakon Krista, pa sve do u srednji vijek. U radu se objedinjuju do sada poznate činjenice o tom lokalitetu kao i sve one nove, prikupljene prilikom autoričina terenskog istraživanja

BANKARSKI POSLOVI PREMA ZAKONU O OBVEZNIM ODNOSIMA : Završni rad

Završni rad proučava segment bankarskih poslova općenito, i onih prema Zakonu o obveznim odnosima (ZOO). U radu je prezentirana teorijska podloga o razvoju bankarskih poslova, te analiza i načini poslovanja banaka, sa dodanim praktičnim primjerima poslovanja. Analizirani su svi bitni faktori bankarskog poslovanja i obrađeni svi ugovori koji posluju prema Zakonu o obveznim odnosima.This thesis analyses the segment of banking business in general, and those according to Civil Obligations Act (COA). The paper presents the theoretical background on the developmnet of banking business, as well as analyzes and ways of doing business of banks, with practical examples of business operations. All the essential factors of banking business were analyzed and all contracts under the Oblications Act were processed

Rescue Archaeological Excavation on Virovitica-Kiškorija jug Site

Na trasi zapadne obilaznice grada Virovitice u zaštitnim istraživanjima otkriveni su tragovi antičkoga i srednjovjekovnog naselja. Istražena je površina od 17 946 m², a objekti su grupirani na dva položaja. Što se tiče antičkog naselja, radi se o ruralnom naselju koje se datira od 2. do sredine 5. st. po. Kr. Otkriveni su tragovi stambenih i radnih prostora zajednice koja se bavila poljoprivredom i stočarstvom te sitni arheološki nalazi koji ukazuju na postojanje zajednice koja je koristila robu lokalne proizvodnje, a u manjoj mjeri importe. Od srednjovjekovnih objekata pronađene su jame i stambeni objekti s keramikom, lijepom i šljakom, a naselje se datira u 9. st. po. Kr.Archaeological traces dating to Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages found west of the entrance to Virovitica, south of the Podravina road, during works on the western ring-road of the city of Virovitica. South of the site designated as Virovitica Kiškorija Jug are the northern slopes of the Bilogora Mountain. The location where the structures are concentrated is divided into two, which was probably caused by the soil configuration, so that the inhabitants used elevations for erecting buildings in order to avoid the water that accumulated after precipitation, but this division is also possible due to other factors, such as the social and economic structure of the village. According to the results of the radioactive carbon dating analysis, the Roman village functioned from the second century AD to the middle of the fifth century AD. It is characterized by structures made of wooden pillars and dried mud, pit dwellings, channels, fences, kilns, pits and various working areas. The community that lived here had its local production, and a small part of the products were purchased by trade from distant regions (bracelets, bronze dishes, jewellery, and glass). Ceramic products prevail, particularly coarse kitchenware, mostly nondecorated and simple shaped. The village owes its continued existence and functioning to the nearby main road connecting the west from Aquileia via Emona, Celeia, Poetovio, Iovia, with the east up from Mursa. Life in the village existed as long as the road, trade and life in the nearby settlements and towns that co-existed with the village functioned. There certainly are more such villages in the vicinity since they accompanied larger settlements, rustic villas and Roman roads. There are not many features from the Middle Ages, they are different and it is assumed that a large number of the settlement was destroyed by ploughing. This renders difficult any conclusions on the interior organization of the settlement, the interrelation of the constructions and the social structure of its inhabitants. The understanding of this medieval settlement becomes even more difficult due to the fact that the state of archaeological research in Northern Croatia is rather poor, but analogies from the area of Torčec in Podravina, a region to which this site belongs as well, are of crucial importance. The greatest part of finds in medieval structures accounts for pottery with wheel and wavy combed decoration, followed by daub which was part of the construction, metal finds, and the presence of dross suggests the existence of production activities. The structures lie approximately 20 m from each other. 14C dates from medieval structures show that they originated in the ninth century. Residential structures, channels and pits were found, and this excavation included only a smaller part of the site streching farther east, where on an elevated terrace ceramic fragments and dark stains can be noticed. Such stains and pottery are found also to the west of the excavated zone, but to a smaller extent. Since the area is rather large, it is hard to say on the basis of a small part of the excavated settlement whether it functioned only in the ninth century

Voćin - Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

U okviru programa projekta ‘’Voćin, Arheološki lokalitet franjevački samostan’’ kojega podupire Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske u suradnji s Požeškom biskupijom, Institutom za arheologiju i Upravom za zaštitu kulturne baštine – Konzervatorskim odjelom u Požegi, Institut za arheologiju proveo je arheološko istraživanje na lokalitetu Voćin - crkva Pohođenja Blažene Djevice Marije. Istraživanje je provedeno u razdoblju od 18. do 28. studenoga 2008. na površini od 60 m², u prostoriji sjeverno od zvonika crkve, u istočnom dijelu samostanskog kompleksa.Archaeological excavations of the site in Voćin – Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary – were conducted as part of the project “Voćin, Franciscan Monastery Archaeological Site”, supported by the Croatian Ministry of Culture in co-operation with the Požega Diocese, the Institute of Archaeolog y and the Cultural Heritage Protection Administration – Conservation Department, Požega. The excavations were conducted in the second half of November 2008 in the eastern part of the monastic complex, in a room that is physically connected to the bell-tower. The most significant find was the room’s medieval floor, decorated with rhombic motifs. Although the objects found in the layers above the Gothic floor give no indication of the room’s function, the existence of only one entrance – the one leading to the bell-tower, and that of an apse at the eastern side, suggests that it was the monastery’s chapel

Suhopolje – Kliškovac 2008

Institut za arheologiju proveo je četvrtu kampanju sustavnih arheoloških istraživanja na lokalitetu Suhopolje – Kliškovac, u trajanju od mjesec dana. Istraživanje je provedeno u okviru projekta Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i športa ‘’Srednjovjekovno arheološko nasljeđe Hrvatske (5.-17. st.)’’, kojega je voditelj prof. dr. sc. Željko Tomičić. Potporu istraživanju pružili su Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske i Poglavarstvo općine Suhopolje. Ovogodišnja istraživanja obuhvatila su površinu od 117 m˛, u kvadrantima M 3, L 4, M 4, L 5 i M 5. Definirana je pravokutna prostorija čiji se zapadni i istočni zidovi pružaju u pravcu sjever – jug. Istražena su 34 groba. U južnoj prostoriji istraženi su najstariji grobovi, tj. oni koji su ukopani u zdravicu koja se nalazi ispod sloja SJ 003 i definirana je kao SJ 335. U kvadrantima L/M 5 istražen je poluukopan objekt (zemunica ?) koji je datiran C14 analizom ugljena, od druge polovice 13. do druge polovice 14. st.The Institute of Archaeolog y conducted the fourth campaign of systematic archaeological excavations at the Suhopolje-Kliškovac site, lasting one month. The excavations were conducted within the framework of the project of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport called “Croatia’s Medieval Archaeological Heritage (5th – 17th centuries)”, led by Professor Željko Tomičić Ph.D., and with the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia and the Municipal Government Suhopolje. This year’s excavations encompassed a surface of 117 m² in quadrants M 3, L 4, M 4, L 5 and M 5, of which quadrants L/M 4 were examined in 2006 and 2007, and quadrants L/M 5 and M 3 were opened this year. The reason for opening a new surface was to single out the ground plan of the medieval building, southern, eastern and western walls of which were identified during the excavations of 2006 and 2007. A rectangular ground-plan was defined, its western and eastern walls extending in the north-south direction, cut by a railway track. The width of the room (east-west) without walls is 3.5 m, and with walls 5.51 m. The length of the room (north-south) without walls is 3.09 m, and with walls 5.2 m. This year, 34 graves were excavated. First the graves whose fill was defined at the end of the excavations of 2007 were excavated in □ M 4, situated east of the building. In □ L 4, graves were excavated lying within the northern space, and graves in the space to its south. In the southern space, the oldest graves were excavated, i.e. those sunk into sterile soil, which lies under layer SU 003 and was defined as SU 335. It is exceedingly packed, hard and wet sandy earth with a high quantity of oxides. All excavated graves are oriented west-east with heads westwards. Anthropological remains were sent to the Archaeolog y Department of the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts (HAZU) for a detailed anthropological analysis, which yielded precise details of the sex and age of the deceased, and of any pathological changes in the bones of the deceased. Graves 83, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 84, 85 and 93 are arranged in a single row east of the facility, and at present it is assumed that they are coterminous with the facility. As for the other graves, it is necessary to conduct a parallel analysis of the burials and conduct a C14 analysis. The graves that were crosscut by walls or that lay at the bottom of the wall’s imprint in the soil are older than the facility. In quadrants L/M 5, north of the impression left by the north wall in the ground, under a layer of recent humus, there is a layer designated as SU 138 in which, apart from the impression of the north wall SU 196, several closed complexes were sunken as well. Some were made during demolition of the structure, like the impression of the wall, while others were probably geologically filled. Under layer SU 138 in □ M/L 5 there is a layer, SU 002, in which the pit-dwelling SU 248 was sunken with a serious of smaller pillars surrounding it. The pit-dwelling is rather shallow (or it has been preserved by ploughing), with an irregular, triangularly shaped ground-plan. Along the southern margin there is a structure – fireplace SU 252. In the fill there are fragments of brick and soot particles, as well as tiny fragments of medieval pottery. This facility confirms the assumption that there was a settlement here; (it can be dated from the middle of the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries according to C14 analysis, conducted in the BETA laboratory, Florida)

Archaeological Excavations in Ilok in 2008 Ilok site – Castle of the Dukes of Ilok and St. Peter the Apostle Church

Prema posebnom naputku Ministarstva kulture RH, u lipnju i srpnju 2008. godine provedeno je istraživanje u Iloku na položajima Dvor knezova Iločkih i crkva Sv. Petra apostola, s ciljem definiranja ulaznog objekta na istočnom pročelju dvorca i tlocrta crkve u njezinom južnom dijelu, koliko je to moguće s obzirom na složenost komunalne infrastrukture. Također, trebalo je utvrditi postojanje, odnosno odsutnost arhitekture poradi budućeg planiranja premještanja raznovrsnih instalacija u tom dijelu Iloka. Istraživanjima je definiran velik ulazni obrambeni objekt pred istočnim pročeljem dvorca Odescalchi, a na crkvi Sv. Petra apostola otkriven je južni dio apside s potpornjakom, južni dio zvonika s potpornjakom i južni dio zapadnog pročelja crkve. U sondama ispred škole, južno od crkve, nisu pronađeni tragovi arhitekture.In June and July 2008, the last archaeological excavation project was conducted in Ilok, at the Castle of the Dukes of Ilok and the Church of St. Peter the Apostle sites, which is part of the project “Research, Reconstruction and Revitalisation of the Cultural Heritage of Ilok-Vukovar-Vučedol”, supported by the Croatian Government and the European Development Bank. Research was conducted in line with the clearly defined guidelines of the Ministry of Culture, and its objective was to define single noteworthy elements. One of these was the considerable defensive entry structure on the eastern façade of the Odescalchi Palace, and another was the unexamined part of the Gothic Church of St. Peter the Apostle that could be excavated given the complex communal infrastructure. As for the church, it was necessary to find out whether there were pieces of architecture at two locations near the north façade of the Primary School, lying south of the fifteenth century Church of St. Peter the Apostle. The excavations at the site Castle of the Dukes of Ilok focussed on the area from the 2007 excavation line eastward over a length of 19.06 m and from the outbuilding toward the southern over a length of 15.51 m. The objective of the excavation was to ascertain where the continuation of the fortified entrance complex of the Castle of the Dukes of Ilok was in the ground-plan. The walls of the entrance building were identified below a layer of shattered rubble covering a length of 14.62 m. They were damaged when outbuildings were constructed in the nineteenth century, and by recent installations. The total length of the entrance complex is 22.97 m, and the width 11.13 m. From historical sources, we learned that the outbuildings were burned down in the mid-twentieth century, so that their walls remained preserved only up to a height of two rows of bricks. Excavations at the site of the Church of St. Peter the Apostle in 2008 were conducted at four locations. In the excavations of 2008, the southern part of the church ground-plan was defined at two spots with two trial-trenches placed on the northern side of the road. This enabled the excavation of the southern part of the apses with a support pillar, and the southern part of the bell-tower with a support pillar at the front of the church. Along with the bell-tower that was formerly in the middle of the church’s west façade, an extension of the wall of the church’s west façade was uncovered, which was otherwise constructed simultaneously with the bell-tower. Two trenches excavated along the northern façade of the primary school building south of the church in order to plan the position of all installations on the site did not reveal any pieces of architecture, but the existence of archaeological layers was ascertained. At the end of the excavations, all trenches were covered by geotextile and then with sand and earth

Glass Paste Bracelets from late Antiquity from the Site of Virovitica-Kiškorija South

Rad predstavlja osvrt na maleni dio pokretne građe s lokaliteta Virovitica-Kiškorija jug, a radi se o kasnoantičkim narukvicama izrađenim od staklene paste. Važnost ovih nalaza je u tome što su pronađeni unutar naselja, a ne unutar groblja odakle potječe većina nalaza ove vrste poznatih iz literature. Narukvice od gagata, stakla i staklene paste crne boje bile su u modi u kasnoj antici. Staklene narukvice javljaju se već od 1. st. kao nasljeđe latenske kulture, a u kasnoj antici od početka 3. st. zastupljene su u velikom broju. Na ovom lokalitetu pronađena su četiri tipa narukvica, od kojih tri predstavljaju tipove koji su najučestaliji među svim narukvicama 3. i 4. st.The paper takes a look at a small part of the movable objects from the site of Virovitica-Kiškorija South, namely glass paste bracelets from late antiquity. The importance of these finds lies in the fact that they were found within the settlement rather than within the cemetery, which is where the majority of finds of this type known from the literature comes from. Bracelets made of jet, glass and black glass paste were fashionable in late antiquity. Glass bracelets appear as early as the 1st century as the legacy of the La Tène culture, and in late antiquity starting from the beginning of the 3rd century they are also present in large numbers. Four types of bracelets were found on this site, three of which represent the most frequent types of all the 3rd and 4th century bracelets

Roman Pottery from Ilok

U radu se analizira antička keramika pronađena na lokalitetu dvor knezova Iločkih pri iskopavanjima 2001. godine. Utvrđeno je da se radi o rimskoj keramici koja se datira od druge polovine 1., pa sve do kraja 4. stoljeća.When the Romans conquered the area around Ilok in the first century AD, it became part of Lower Illyricum. After Trajan’s division of Pannonia into Upper and Lower sections, Ilok, i.e. Cuccium, was part of Lower Pannonia until Diocletian’s division. Diocletian divided Lower Pannonia into Pannonia Valeria and Pannonia Secunda. The center of Pannonia Secunda was Sirmium, and Cuccium belonged to this province. Cuccium was an important point in this part of the Limes, because it defended the Empire where the Danube was easy to cross. The site of the fortress itself has still not been discovered, but it is mentioned as Cucci, Catio, Cuccio, Cuccium, Cuccis castelum. On the other side of the Danube there were barbarian tribes: the Sarmatians and the Iazigians. The Romans adapted their military approach in order to be able to conquer them more easily, so they placed their cavalry and infantry along this part of the Limes. Thus in Cuccium the following units were stationed: “Cuneus equitarum promotorum” and “Equitas sagittarii” (ŠARANOVIĆ-SVETEK, 1966/67, 61-65; BATOROVIĆ, 1994, 11, 12; JANKULOV, 1952, 16; VULIĆ, 1939, 73). Traces of the rich history of Ilok were found in the broader territory of the town in the rescue excavations and construction works, and almost always a part of these finds related to Antiquity. Thus a number of pottery fragments, inscriptions, coins, reliefs, sarcophagi, etc. were found. The pottery that was analysed here is connected with the material found in the systematic archaeological excavations conducted by the Institute of Archaeology in 2001 in the castle of Ilok’s princes. The excavated artefacts are highly fragmented and modest, which makes a thorough analysis impossible. The excavations were conducted in the courtyard of the castle, which was covered with earth that was brought subsequently from different sites, thus excluding the possibility of stratigraphy in the analysis of the goods. The finds of Roman pottery in the Roman Province of Pannonia are connected with the invasion of the Roman army and the Italics in this area. Trade and contacts with distant regions were made possible by roads and rivers. In the beginning, trade was related only to military camps and other military facilities, as well as the newly settled towns, and only after a while did it include the local population (LENGYEL, RADAN, 1980, 330-332). This might have happened under the rule of the Emperor Augustus during the transition from the Old to the New Age or after the Pannonian-Dalmatian rebellion in the first half of the first century. Such pottery has already been found at several sites in Pannonia (DAUTOVA-RUŠEVLJAN, 1986, 72), so that it is possible that it exists in the territory of Ilok. In the earliest stage, all goods needed by the soldiers and the civilians came to Pannonia from Aquileia or from other parts of northern Italy across Aquileia. There are not many finds from this earliest period, and some of the existing rare finds are fragments of pottery with thin walls, a jug with one handle and a pot in the La Tène tradition that might have served as an urn (Pl. 2, 8, 16, 17). In the second century products of western workshops are present in Pannonia as well, and they are predominant until the crisis in the mid-third century. The representatives of this period are examples of sigillatae from the Rheinzabern workshop (Pl. 1, 1-3), and as local production became increasingly intense, there are also local imitations of sigillatae (Pl. 1, 4, 5). Products from other neighbouring provinces were not imported in significant quantities. Most of the finds can be dated to the third and the fourth centuries. There are many fragments of glazed pottery in dark green and brown, jugs (Pl. 2, 9), bowls (Pl. 1, 6, 7), and a mortaria (Pl. 2, 12-15), which is frequent in this period in Pannonia, when glazed pottery was massively produced even in Pannonia itself; apart from that, there is also pots (Pl. 3, 24-31) and lids (Pl. 3, 18-23). After the death of Emperor Valentinian in 375 there was stagnation in development, reconstruction, trade and production. By the time of the invasions by barbarian tribes, i.e. the Goths and the Alans, the developed Roman civilization in this area in the first half of the fifth century went through changes in the composition of its population as well as in lifestyle. According to the treaty of 405, a part of Pannonia came under Alaric’s rule, which brought Roman life in this part of Pannonia to an end (PINTEROVIĆ, 1970, 82). Without specific research it is not possible to determine when and where exactly the fortress was erected, how life surrounding it developed, and how it stopped functioning. From the time immediately after this there are only a few finds, the most significant being that of a pair of silver Ostrogoth fibulae from the fifth century. Pottery was found in this excavation, and it can be approximately dated from the middle of the first to the end of the fourth century. It should be noted that the earliest pottery is the smallest in number, and the pottery from the third and fourth centuries the largest. We encounter pottery of a different origin, from local workshops, as well as Roman pottery under the strong influence of local manufacturers, i.e. pottery in visible Celtic tradition, imitations of Roman pottery and imported Roman pottery produced in different workshops. Such material is present also in the remaining part of Lower Pannonia; therefore it was to be expected that it would be found in Ilok as well. The material is unfortunately rather modest and fragmented, so one cannot gain a clear picture of everyday life or of the entire extent of trade connections and the relationship between the citizens of Cuccium with the rest of the Roman Empire. It is clear that in the beginning there were connections with Italy, the influence of the La Tčne heritage is felt. Later they were connected with the Rhineland (the areas of Pannonia and Noricum were the main export destinations of the Rheinzabern workshop (VIKIĆ-BELANČIĆ, 1962/63, 95; FREMERSDORF, 1937, 167-172)) and products of local provincial workshops were used. In order to reach better and more complete conclusions, further research is necessary, because due to modest materials at present this is impossible, and the fragments can only build a framework which can help in further analysis. Cuccium was probably not as big and as developed as Cornacum or Cibalae, but owing to its position it was of extraordinary significance and it represents one of the vitally important points on the Danube limes. This is what necessitates additional research

Rescue Archaeological Excavation on Virovitica-Kiškorija jug Site

Na trasi zapadne obilaznice grada Virovitice u zaštitnim istraživanjima otkriveni su tragovi antičkoga i srednjovjekovnog naselja. Istražena je površina od 17 946 m², a objekti su grupirani na dva položaja. Što se tiče antičkog naselja, radi se o ruralnom naselju koje se datira od 2. do sredine 5. st. po. Kr. Otkriveni su tragovi stambenih i radnih prostora zajednice koja se bavila poljoprivredom i stočarstvom te sitni arheološki nalazi koji ukazuju na postojanje zajednice koja je koristila robu lokalne proizvodnje, a u manjoj mjeri importe. Od srednjovjekovnih objekata pronađene su jame i stambeni objekti s keramikom, lijepom i šljakom, a naselje se datira u 9. st. po. Kr.Archaeological traces dating to Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages found west of the entrance to Virovitica, south of the Podravina road, during works on the western ring-road of the city of Virovitica. South of the site designated as Virovitica Kiškorija Jug are the northern slopes of the Bilogora Mountain. The location where the structures are concentrated is divided into two, which was probably caused by the soil configuration, so that the inhabitants used elevations for erecting buildings in order to avoid the water that accumulated after precipitation, but this division is also possible due to other factors, such as the social and economic structure of the village. According to the results of the radioactive carbon dating analysis, the Roman village functioned from the second century AD to the middle of the fifth century AD. It is characterized by structures made of wooden pillars and dried mud, pit dwellings, channels, fences, kilns, pits and various working areas. The community that lived here had its local production, and a small part of the products were purchased by trade from distant regions (bracelets, bronze dishes, jewellery, and glass). Ceramic products prevail, particularly coarse kitchenware, mostly nondecorated and simple shaped. The village owes its continued existence and functioning to the nearby main road connecting the west from Aquileia via Emona, Celeia, Poetovio, Iovia, with the east up from Mursa. Life in the village existed as long as the road, trade and life in the nearby settlements and towns that co-existed with the village functioned. There certainly are more such villages in the vicinity since they accompanied larger settlements, rustic villas and Roman roads. There are not many features from the Middle Ages, they are different and it is assumed that a large number of the settlement was destroyed by ploughing. This renders difficult any conclusions on the interior organization of the settlement, the interrelation of the constructions and the social structure of its inhabitants. The understanding of this medieval settlement becomes even more difficult due to the fact that the state of archaeological research in Northern Croatia is rather poor, but analogies from the area of Torčec in Podravina, a region to which this site belongs as well, are of crucial importance. The greatest part of finds in medieval structures accounts for pottery with wheel and wavy combed decoration, followed by daub which was part of the construction, metal finds, and the presence of dross suggests the existence of production activities. The structures lie approximately 20 m from each other. 14C dates from medieval structures show that they originated in the ninth century. Residential structures, channels and pits were found, and this excavation included only a smaller part of the site streching farther east, where on an elevated terrace ceramic fragments and dark stains can be noticed. Such stains and pottery are found also to the west of the excavated zone, but to a smaller extent. Since the area is rather large, it is hard to say on the basis of a small part of the excavated settlement whether it functioned only in the ninth century