Primer reporte del escarabajo Acanthoderes funeraria (Bates) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) en el agave silvestre Agave cupreata (Trel. & Berger) en Guerrero, México

Acanthoderes funeraria, is a beetle that feeds on the leaves of agave plants and causes serious and irreversible damage to plants. A collection of insects was made on June 20, 2018, in the town of Petaquillas, Guerrero. Young and adult sick plants were checked, then 60 specimens were collected by hand and photos were taken and images were sent to CONABIO for identification, which confirmed the species as A. funeraria and it recorded the presence in the state of Guerrero; other specimens were deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Faculty of Biological Sciences of the Autonomous University of Guerrero with registration number 020219fcqb. This beetle for the first time is recorded on wild agaves of A. cupreata in the state of Guerrero, Mexico; moreover, the damage to the plants is described.Acanthoderes funeraria, es un escarabajo que se alimenta de las hojas de plantas de agave y causa daños graves e irreversibles en las plantas. Se hizo una colecta el 20 de junio de 2018, en el poblado de Petaquillas, Guerrero, para esto se revisaron plantas jóvenes y adultas enfermas, se logró colectar manualmente 60 especímenes y se tomaron fotos, las cuales se enviaron a la CONABIO para su identificación, la cual confirmó la especie como A. funeraria y registró la presencia de ésta para el estado de Guerrero; otros especímenes se encuentran depositados en la colección entomológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero con número de registro 020219fcqb. Este escarabajo se reporta por vez primera sobre agaves silvestres de A. cupreata en el estado de Guerrero, México; además, se describen los daños que éste causa a las plantas

Primer reporte del escarabajo Acanthoderes funeraria (Bates) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) en el agave silvestre Agave cupreata (Trel. & Berger) en Guerrero, México

"Acanthoderes funeraria, es un escarabajo que se alimenta de las hojas de plantas de agave y causa daños graves e irreversibles en las plantas. Se hizo una colecta el 20 de junio de 2018, en el poblado de Petaquillas, Guerrero, para esto se revisaron pla

Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae with capacity to adapt to clinical and plant settings

Objective. To compare the genetic determinants involved in plant colonization or virulence in the reported genomes of K. variicola, K. quasipneumoniae and K. pneumoniae. Materials and methods. In silico comparisons and Jaccard analysis of genomic data were used. Fimbrial genes were detected by PCR. Biological assays were performed with plant and clinical isolates. Results. Plant colonization genes such as cellulases, catalases and hemagglutinins were mainly present in K. variicola genomes. Chromosomal β-lactamases were characteristic of this species and had been previously misclassified. K. variicola and K. pneumoniae isolates produced plant hormones. Conclusions. A mosaic distribution of different virulence- and plant-associated genes was found in K. variicola and in K. quasipneumoniae genomes. Some plant colonizing genes were found mainly in K. variicola genomes. The term plantanosis is proposed for plant-borne human infections

Actividad antibacteriana de diatomeas marinas aisladas de Acapulco, Guerrero, México

Marine diatoms synthesize and secrete a variety of secondary metabolites with potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, however their study is still limited. Therefore, the objective of this work was to isolate and culture the species Chaetoceros curvisetus, Asterionella japonica, and Biddulphia mobiliensis from Santa Lucía Bay in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, as well as to determine the antibacterial activity against bacteria of clinical importance and the analysis of qualitative phytochemical profile of their extracts obtained. Biomass yield was 219.62 ± 0.99; 151.12 ± 1.41, and 109.04 ± 1.48 mg for C. curvisetus, A. japonica, and B. mobiliensis, respectively. Hexane, dichloromethane and acetone extracts were obtained for each species and the qualitative phytochemical profile indicated that these marine diatoms were rich in essential oils, alkaloids, and terpenes. C. curvisetus extract was observed to possess the highest antibacterial activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) between 0.5 and 2 mg mL-1 for ATCC bacteria, and 8 and 16 mg mL-1 for E. coli BLEE-producing strains.Las diatomeas marinas sintetizan y secretan una gran variedad de metabolitos secundarios con aplicaciones potenciales en la industria farmacéutica, sin embargo su estudio aún es limitado. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar y cultivar las especies Chaetoceros curvisetus, Asterionella japonica, y Biddulphia mobiliensis de la Bahía Santa Lucía del Puerto de Acapulco, Guerrero, México, así como determinar la actividad antibacteriana frente a bacterias de importancia clínica y analizar el perfil fitoquímico cualitativo de sus extractos totales. La biomasa fue de 219,62 ± 0,99; 151,12 ± 1,41 y 109,04 ± 1,48 mg para C. curvisetus, A. japonica, y B. mobiliensis, respectivamente. Extractos con hexano, diclorometano, y acetona fueron obtenidos de cada especie, y el perfil fitoquímico cualitativo indicó que estas diatomeas marinas fueron ricas en aceites esenciales, alcaloides, y terpenos. Se observó que los extractos de C. curvisetus poseen alta actividad con Concentraciones Mínimas Inhibitorias (CMI) entre 0,5 y 2 mg mL-1 para bacterias tipo ATCC y de 8 y 16 mg mL-1 para cepas de E. coli productoras de BLEE

Actividad antibacteriana de diatomeas marinas aisladas de Acapulco, Guerrero, México

Marine diatoms synthesize and secrete a variety of secondary metabolites with potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, however their study is still limited. Therefore, the objective of this work was to isolate and culture the species Chaetoceros curvisetus, Asterionella japonica, and Biddulphia mobiliensis from Santa Lucía Bay in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, as well as to determine the antibacterial activity against bacteria of clinical importance and the analysis of qualitative phytochemical profile of their extracts obtained. Biomass yield was 219.62 ± 0.99; 151.12 ± 1.41, and 109.04 ± 1.48 mg for C. curvisetus, A. japonica, and B. mobiliensis, respectively. Hexane, dichloromethane and acetone extracts were obtained for each species and the qualitative phytochemical profile indicated that these marine diatoms were rich in essential oils, alkaloids, and terpenes. C. curvisetus extract was observed to possess the highest antibacterial activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) between 0.5 and 2 mg mL-1 for ATCC bacteria, and 8 and 16 mg mL-1 for E. coli BLEE-producing strains.Las diatomeas marinas sintetizan y secretan una gran variedad de metabolitos secundarios con aplicaciones potenciales en la industria farmacéutica, sin embargo su estudio aún es limitado. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar y cultivar las especies Chaetoceros curvisetus, Asterionella japonica, y Biddulphia mobiliensis de la Bahía Santa Lucía del Puerto de Acapulco, Guerrero, México, así como determinar la actividad antibacteriana frente a bacterias de importancia clínica y analizar el perfil fitoquímico cualitativo de sus extractos totales. La biomasa fue de 219,62 ± 0,99; 151,12 ± 1,41 y 109,04 ± 1,48 mg para C. curvisetus, A. japonica, y B. mobiliensis, respectivamente. Extractos con hexano, diclorometano, y acetona fueron obtenidos de cada especie, y el perfil fitoquímico cualitativo indicó que estas diatomeas marinas fueron ricas en aceites esenciales, alcaloides, y terpenos. Se observó que los extractos de C. curvisetus poseen alta actividad con Concentraciones Mínimas Inhibitorias (CMI) entre 0,5 y 2 mg mL-1 para bacterias tipo ATCC y de 8 y 16 mg mL-1 para cepas de E. coli productoras de BLEE

Biosurfactants produced by metal-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Zea mays rhizosphere and compost

Contextualization: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing biosurfactants which have many uses in bioremediation and the production of antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, sporicidal and antifungal agents, among others.   Knowledge gap: This study describes the production of mono and di-rhamnolipid biosurfactants by P. aeruginosa strains isolated from Zea mays rhizosphere and composts in the state of Guerrero, Mexico.  Purpose: The overall aims were to investigate biosurfactant, pyocyanin production, and tolerance to heavy metals and antimicrobial activity capacity than biosurfactants produced from P. aeruginosa strains from corn rhizosphere and compost in Mexico. Methodology: Biosurfactant production was determined based hemolysis on blood agar, blue halos in CTAB-Methylene blue agar, drop collapse test and production of foam on PPGAS broth, the emulsion index (IE24) and antibacterial capacity. The strains were identified by sequence of the 16S rDNA gene and their resistance to heavy metals were also evaluated. Results and conclusions: Two strains isolated from Zea mays rhizosphere (PAM8, PAM9) were the best biosurfactant producers and their extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Grampositive and Gramnegative bacteria. PAM8 and PAM9 showed >30% of cellular hydrophobicity to hydrocarbons, and were capable of emulsifying toluene, cyclohexane, petroleum, diesel and oils. All strains showed the same profile of heavy metal tolerance (As5+ >As3+ >Zn2+ >Pb2+ >Fe3+ >Cd2+ >Cu2+ >Cr6+ in concentrations of 20, 10, 10, 6, 4, 4, 2 and 2 mM., respectively). The isolation of biosurfactant-producing and heavy-metal tolerant bacteria from Zea mays rhizosphere and compost in Guerrero demonstrates the capacity for this region to harbor potentially important microbial strains for industrial or bioremediation applications.Contextualización: la Pseudomonas aeruginosa es capaz de producir biosurfactantes que tienen muchos usos en la biorremediación y producción de agentes antivirales, antibacterianos, antiparasitarios, esporicidas y antifúngicos, entre otros. Vacío de conocimiento: este estudio describe la producción de biosurfactantes mono y di-ramnolípidos por cepas de P. aeruginosa aisladas de la rizosfera y compostas de Zea mays en el estado de Guerrero, México. Propósito del estudio: los objetivos generales fueron investigar la producción de biosurfactantes, piocianina y tolerancia a metales pesados y la capacidad de actividad antimicrobiana de los biosurfactantes producidos por cepas de P. aeruginosa aisladas de rizosfera y composta en México. Metodología: Se determinó la producción de biosurfactantes con base en la hemolisis agar sangre, halos azules en agar CTAB-azul de metileno, ensayo de colapso de gotas, producción de espuma en medio PPGAS, índice de emulsión (IE24) y capacidad antibacterial, las cepas se identificaron por la secuencia del gen del 16S y también se evaluó la resistencia a metales pesados. Resultados y conclusiones: Dos cepas aisladas de la rizosfera de Zea mays (PAM8, PAM9) fueron las mejores productoras de biosurfactantes, y sus extractos mostraron actividad antimicrobiana frente a bacterias Grampositivas y Gramnegativas. PAM8 y PAM9 mostraron >30% de hidrofobicidad a hidrocarburos y fueron capaces de emulsionar tolueno, ciclohexano, petróleo, diésel y aceites. Todas las cepas mostraron el mismo perfil de tolerancia a metales pesados (As5+ > As3+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe3+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Cr6+ en concentraciones de 20, 10, 10, 6, 4, 4, 2 y 2 mM., respectivamente). El aislamiento de bacterias productoras de biosurfactantes y tolerantes a metales pesados de la rizosfera y composta de Zea mays en Guerrero demuestra que la región alberga cepas microbianas potencialmente importantes para aplicaciones industriales o de biorremediación

Bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal para incrementar la producción de Lactuca sativa L. en campo

El uso extensivo de agroquímicos para incrementar la producción de alimentos en la actualidad, ha conllevado a la perdida de fertilidad del suelo, bajo rendimiento en los cultivos, perdida de ganancias para los agricultores entre muchos otros factores negativos, las bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal se han empleado para incrementar la producción de cultivos de interés agrícola, disminuyendo el uso de químicos y creando una agricultura sostenible. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar dos consorcios de bacterias caracterizadas como BPCV, en cultivos de lechuga. El cultivo de lechuga orejona se realizó directamente en una parcela demostrativa, en todo el proceso se acompañó del agricultor, las semillas se desinfectaron previamente, se embebieron por los consorcios empleados y se hicieron germinar en pachol directamente en el suelo, después las plántulas se colocaron en surcos para darles seguimiento. Obteniendo lechugas de mayor tamaño y biomasa con el consorcio B que consta de B. licheniformis, P. putida, Pseudomonas sp., E. cloacae y A. vinelandii con un valor de p< 0.05. Por lo que se propone como estrategia para incrementar la producción de Lactuca sativa L., en las comunidades dedicadas a este cultivo, mejorando el rendimiento de producción, mayores ganancias económicas y ambientalmente sostenibles.The extensive use of agrochemicals to increase food production today has led to loss of soil fertility, poor crop yield, loss of profits for farmers among many other negative factors, plant growth promoting bacteria they have used to increase the production of crops of agricultural interest, reducing the use of chemicals and creating sustainable agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate two consortia of bacteria characterized as BPCV, in lettuce crops. Lettuce orejona cultivation was carried out directly on a demonstration plot, throughout the process it was accompanied by the farmer, the seeds were previously disinfected, embedded by the consortiums used and germinated in pachol directly in the soil, then the seedlings theywere placed in grooves to follow up. Obtaining larger lettuce and biomass with consortium B consisting of B. licheniformis, P. putida, Pseudomonassp., E. cloacaeand A. vinelandiiwith a value of p< 0.05. For what is proposed as a strategy to increase the production of Lactuca sativaL., in the communities dedicated to this crop, improving production yield, greater economic and environmentally sustainable gains

Evaluación de compost con presencia de metales pesados en el crecimiento de Azospirillum brasilense y Glomus intraradices

Compost is an organic material obtained as a result of the controlled microbial action on organic waste. Nowadays, farming is responsible of the integrated use of biofertilizers and compost, which represent an important alternative to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. In this study the compost with presence of heavy metals on the growth of A. brasilense and G. intraradices was evaluated. Microbiological analysis of compost only revealed significant results for the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The conclusion is that the use of compost with presence of heavy metals does not cause any adverse effects on the growth of A. brasilense and G. intraradices, since the two microorganisms were able to be isolated and identify in the rhizosphere of plants. Furthermore, observed metals did not exceed the maximum permissible limits by the international standards as NTC-5167 and standard 503 of EPA. Key words: A. brasilense; G. intraradices; compost; heavy metalsCompost es materia orgánica que resulta de la acción microbiana controlada en residuos orgánicos. Hoy en día, la agricultura es responsable del uso integrado de biofertilizantes y compost, que representan una alternativa importante para reducir el uso de fertilizantes químicos. En este estudio se evaluó el compost con presencia de metales pesados sobre el crecimiento de A. brasilense y G. intraradices. El análisis microbiológico del compost solo mostro resultados significativos para el crecimiento de S. aureus y P. aeruginosa. La conclusión es que el uso de compost con presencia de metales pesados no causa ningún efecto adverso sobre el crecimiento de A. brasilense y G. intraradices, ya que los dos microorganismos pudieron ser aislados e identificados en la rizosfera de la planta. Por otra parte, los metales no excedieron los límites máximos permitidos por las normas internacionales como la NTC5167 y la norma 503 de EPA. Palabras clave: A. brasilense; G. intraradices; composta; metales pesado

Effect of agronomic characteristics of hybrid and Creole corn using native plant growth-promoting bacteria to reduce the production cost: Effect on the agronomic characteristics of hybrid and criollo corn using native plant growth-promoting bacteria as a low-cost production alternative: A rural experience in southern México.

The use of chemical fertilizers has generated an increase in environmental pollution. However, biofertilizers are profitable, improve soil conditions, leading to an increase in growth and yield of crops of economic interest for small and large producers, in this sense, contributing to environmental pollution by agrochemicals is a challenge for the 2030 agenda, where inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria (BPCV) native to the genus Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp., are a solid ecological alternative and increase in production and cost reduction. The main objective of the research was to design and evaluate an environmentally friendly biofertilizer based on BPCV, evaluating the agronomic characteristics of two corn genotypes, hybrid A7573 C/Acceleron and Criollo under a randomized complete block experimental design with nine treatments and four replicates, water and fertilizer were used as controls under irrigation conditions and production costs were analyzed. The agronomic variables evaluated were: plant height (ADP), stem diameter (DDT) and leaf area (AF). At physiological maturity, ear row number (NHMZ), ear length (LDMZ) and grain yield in t ha-1 were evaluated, and yield and production costs were analyzed. The results indicated a positive response to inoculation with BPCV in corn. The yield of hybrid A7573 C/Acceleron T7 with 7.6 t ha-1, T6, with 7.2 t ha-1 and finally T2 with only 6.9 t ha-1, while with creole corn of the olotillo race, yields were obtained in the T6 treatment with 4. 4 t ha-1, T2 4.1 t ha-1 and T8 3.8 t ha-1 respectively and the production costs in all treatments were profitable, highlighting those inoculated with BPCV and with a free net profit of $10,219.00. The results show that the use of BPCV have greater effectiveness in all agronomic variables and better yields because they are adapted to the environmental and soil conditions, being an excellent alternative to the use of fertilizers and above all decrease the costs for corn production in rural communities. &nbsp;Objective: To design and to evaluate an environmentally-friendly biofertilizer based on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), assessing the agronomic characteristics of two genotypes of C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid and Creole corn. Design/methodology/approach: A biofertilizer based on PGPB was designed and assessed in a completely random experimental block design with nine treatments and four repetitions in C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid and Creole corn in a plot at El Pericón, municipality of Tecoanapa, Guerrero, Mexico. The microorganisms Rhizobium sp., A. brasilense and A. vinelandii were used. Results: The use of PGPB has greater effectiveness in all the agronomic variables and better yields because they are adapted to the environmental and soil conditions, with it being an excellent alternative to the use of fertilizers. Limitations on study/implications: The demonstrative experimental plot had 5000 m2 and it was the main limitation. Findings/conclusions: Bacteria of the genus A. brasilense YOM9 and A. vinelandii YOC4 contributed to the higher yield of the C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid corn seed, and Rhizobium sp R01 and A. vinelandii YOC4 in the Creole grain of the olotillo race compared to the T9 fertilizer and the absolute control. A biofertilizer for corn is obtained based on results from this study, as an ecotechnology based on PGP