Intelligent Techniques for Modeling the Relationships between Sensory Attributes and Instrumental Measurements of Knitted Fabrics

ABSTRACT The present investigation provides a promising tool for engineering industrial products design. In fact, two soft computing approaches, namely artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy inference system (FIS), have been applied to model the relationship between sensory properties and instrumental measurements of knitted fabrics. The prediction performance of these models was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE). The obtained results show the models' ability to predict tactile sensory attributes from the measured surface and compression properties. These neural and fuzzy models may help textile industrialists to satisfy the specific needs of consumers

Role of inorganics on the biomass char gasification reactivity: A review involving reaction mechanisms and kinetics models

International audienceThis review article presents the effects of the inorganic elements and compounds on gasification and their mechanisms of action. The influence of inorganics on the gasification reaction have been described in the literature. However, the specific phenomena involved and the mechanisms of action are not stated with consensus. Therefore, the present review gathers the various mechanisms proposed by authors. Some have been demonstrated to be unlikely such as the mechanisms involving intercalation compounds or mechanical actions. In order to give more practical applications of this work, the review also gathers the gasification kinetic models that take these inorganic effects into account

Modification of membrane performances: experimental and numerical investigation of electric and dielectric interactions in the pores

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The effects of textural modifications on beech wood-char gasification rate under alternate atmospheres of CO2 and H2O

International audienceDespite the huge literature on biomass char gasification with CO2 or H2O, ambiguity still hovers over the issue of char gasification in complex atmospheres. Gas alternation gasification experiments, in which the reacting gas is changed during the reaction, were performed with CO2/H2O at 900 degrees C for small (200 mu m) and large (13 mm) Low Heating Rate (LHR) beech wood char particles to assess the potential influences that CO2 and H2O can have on each other during the char gasification reaction. The results showed no influence of a first gasification atmosphere on the char reactivity under the second one. The char reactivity to a specific gas at a certain conversion level was the same as if the gasification reaction was operated from the beginning with the same atmosphere composition. The purpose of this paper is to bring understanding keys to this lack of influence of previous gasification conditions on the char reactivity. Characterization of the chars throughout the conversion by measuring the total surface area and the active surface area was first performed. Then a transport limitation analysis based on the Thiele modulus was considered. It was concluded that the two gasses develop different porosities in the char, however, the Thiele modeling results and active surface area analysis indicate respectively that gasses diffuse preferentially in large macro-pores and that the concentration of active sites evolves similarly during both gasification reactions. This similarity in the diffusion mechanism as well as in the evolution of the concentration of active sites could be a plausible explanation for the only-dependent conversion reactivity observed in the gas alternation gasification experiments

The influence of char preparation and biomass type on char steam gasification kinetics

A study was conducted to investigate the parameter that has influence on steam gasification kinetics between the biomass type and char preparation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on steam gasification of seven biomass samples as well as chars from three of these samples. Chars were prepared using three different sets of low heating rate (LHR) pyrolysis conditions including temperature and biomass bed geometry. It was shown by a characteristic time analysis that these pyrolysis conditions were not associated with a chemical regime in a large amount of devices. However, it has been shown experimentally that conditions used to prepare the char had a much lower influence on steam gasification kinetics than the biomass type

Experimental Determination of the CH4 and CO2 Pure Gas Adsorption Isotherms on Different Activated Carbons

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