10,797 research outputs found
Collisional relaxation of electrons in a warm plasma and accelerated nonthermal electron spectra in solar flares
Extending previous studies of nonthermal electron transport in solar flares
which include the effects of collisional energy diffusion and thermalization of
fast electrons, we present an analytic method to infer more accurate estimates
of the accelerated electron spectrum in solar flares from observations of the
hard X-ray spectrum. Unlike for the standard cold-target model, the spatial
characteristics of the flaring region, especially the necessity to consider a
finite volume of hot plasma in the source, need to be taken into account in
order to correctly obtain the injected electron spectrum from the
source-integrated electron flux spectrum (a quantity straightforwardly obtained
from hard X-ray observations). We show that the effect of electron
thermalization can be significant enough to nullify the need to introduce an
{\it ad hoc} low-energy cutoff to the injected electron spectrum in order to
keep the injected power in non-thermal electrons at a reasonable value. Rather
the suppression of the inferred low-energy end of the injected spectrum
compared to that deduced from a cold-target analysis allows the inference from
hard X-ray observations of a more realistic energy in injected non-thermal
electrons in solar flares.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap
On Certain Two Dimensional Integrals that Appear In Conformal Field Theory
In a first part, we generalize a theorem for an holomorphic
anti-holomorphic integrand, in the case of 2 dimensional Fourier transform. In
the second part, we derive p-uple conformal integrals the integrand of which
are linear combination of holomorphic times holomorphic generalized
hypergeometric functions. The specific case is relevant to determine the
triple Pomeron vertex in QCD.Comment: latex txt.tex, 3 files, 39 pages [SPhT-T00/034], submitted to Comm.
Math. Phy
Observations of Reconnection Flows in a Flare on the Solar Disk
Magnetic reconnection is a well-accepted part of the theory of solar eruptive
events, though the evidence is still circumstantial. Intrinsic to the
reconnection picture of a solar eruptive event, particularly in the standard
model for two-ribbon flares ("CSHKP" model), are an advective flow of
magnetized plasma into the reconnection region, expansion of field above the
reconnection region as a flux rope erupts, retraction of heated
post-reconnection loops, and downflows of cooling plasma along those loops. We
report on a unique set of SDO/AIA imaging and Hinode/EIS spectroscopic
observations of the disk flare SOL2016-03-23T03:54 in which all four flows are
present simultaneously. This includes spectroscopic evidence for a plasma
upflow in association with large-scale expanding closed inflow field. The
reconnection inflows are symmetric, and consistent with fast reconnection, and
the post-reconnection loops show a clear cooling and deceleration as they
retract. Observations of coronal reconnection flows are still rare, and most
events are observed at the solar limb, obscured by complex foregrounds, making
their relationship to the flare ribbons, cusp field and arcades formed in the
lower atmosphere difficult to interpret. The disk location and favorable
perspective of this event have removed these ambiguities giving a clear picture
of the reconnection dynamics.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, and 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
The development of lower-atmosphere turbulence early in a solar flare
We present the first observational study of the onset and evolution of solar
flare turbulence in the lower solar atmosphere on an unprecedented time scale
of 1.7 s using the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph observing plasma at a
temperature of 80,000 K. At this time resolution, nonthermal spectral line
broadening, indicating turbulent velocity fluctuations, precedes the flare
onset at this temperature and is coincident with net blue-shifts. The
broadening decreases as the flare brightens and then oscillates with a period
of ~10 s. These observations are consistent with turbulence in the lower solar
atmosphere at the flare onset, heating that region as it dissipates. This
challenges the current view of energy release and transport in the standard
solar flare model, suggesting that turbulence partly heats the lower
atmosphere.Comment: Published in Science Advances (5th December 2018
A Large k Asymptotics of Witten's Invariant of Seifert Manifolds
We calculate a large asymptotic expansion of the exact surgery formula
for Witten's invariant of Seifert manifolds. The contributions of all
flat connections are identified. An agreement with the 1-loop formula is
checked. A contribution of the irreducible connections appears to contain only
a finite number of terms in the asymptotic series. A 2-loop correction to the
contribution of the trivial connection is found to be proportional to Casson's
invariant.Comment: 51 pages (Some changes are made to the Discussion section. A surgery
formula for perturbative corrections to the contribution of the trivial
connection is suggested.
Universality in the one-dimensional chain of phase-coupled oscillators
We apply a recently developed renormalization group (RG) method to study
synchronization in a one-dimensional chain of phase-coupled oscillators in the
regime of weak randomness. The RG predicts how oscillators with randomly
distributed frequencies and couplings form frequency-synchronized clusters.
Although the RG was originally intended for strong randomness, i.e. for
distributions with long tails, we find good agreement with numerical
simulations even in the regime of weak randomness. We use the RG flow to derive
how the correlation length scales with the width of the coupling distribution
in the limit of large coupling. This leads to the identification of a
universality class of distributions with the same critical exponent . We
also find universal scaling for small coupling. Finally, we show that the RG
flow is characterized by a universal approach to the unsynchronized fixed
point, which provides physical insight into low-frequency clusters.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Old and New Fields on Super Riemann Surfaces
The ``new fields" or ``superconformal functions" on super Riemann
surfaces introduced recently by Rogers and Langer are shown to coincide with
the Abelian differentials (plus constants), viewed as a subset of the functions
on the associated super Riemann surface. We confirm that, as originally
defined, they do not form a super vector space.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex. Published version: minor changes for clarity, two new
reference
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