IGDS/TRAP Interface Program (ITIP). Detailed Design Specification (DDS)

The software modules which comprise the IGDS/TRAP Interface Program are described. A hierarchical input processing output (HIPO) chart for each user command is given. The description consists of: (1) function of the user command; (2) calling sequence; (3) moduls which call this use command; (4) modules called by this user command; (5) IGDS commands used by this user command; and (6) local usage of global registers. Each HIPO contains the principal functions performed within the module. Also included with each function are a list of the inputs which may be required to perform the function and a list of the outputs which may be created as a result of performing the function

Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Developmen

Type Ia Supernovae, Evolution, and the Cosmological Constant

We explore the possible role of evolution in the analysis of data on SNe Ia at cosmological distances. First, using a variety of simple sleuthing techniques, we find evidence that the properties of the high and low redshift SNe Ia observed so far differ from one another. Next, we examine the effects of including simple phenomenological models for evolution in the analysis. The result is that cosmological models and evolution are highly degenerate with one another, so that the incorporation of even very simple models for evolution makes it virtually impossible to pin down the values of $\Omega_M$ and $\Omega_\Lambda$, the density parameters for nonrelativistic matter and for the cosmological constant, respectively. Moreover, we show that if SNe Ia evolve with time, but evolution is neglected in analyzing data, then, given enough SNe Ia, the analysis hones in on values of $\Omega_M$ and $\Omega_\Lambda$ which are incorrect. Using Bayesian methods, we show that the probability that the cosmological constant is nonzero (rather than zero) is unchanged by the SNe Ia data when one accounts for the possibility of evolution, provided that we do not discriminate among open, closed and flat cosmologies a priori. The case for nonzero cosmological constant is stronger if the Universe is presumed to be flat, but still depends sensitively on the degree to which the peak luminosities of SNe Ia evolve as a function of redshift. The estimated value of $H_0$, however, is only negligibly affected by accounting for possible evolution.Comment: 45 pages, 15 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Minor revisions and clarifications made including addition of recent reference

Bayesian model comparison applied to the Explorer-Nautilus 2001 coincidence data

Bayesian reasoning is applied to the data by the ROG Collaboration, in which gravitational wave (g.w.) signals are searched for in a coincidence experiment between Explorer and Nautilus. The use of Bayesian reasoning allows, under well defined hypotheses, even tiny pieces of evidence in favor of each model to be extracted from the data. The combination of the data of several experiments can therefore be performed in an optimal and efficient way. Some models for Galactic sources are considered and, within each model, the experimental result is summarized with the likelihood rescaled to the insensitivity limit value (``${\cal R}$ function''). The model comparison result is given in in terms of Bayes factors, which quantify how the ratio of beliefs about two alternative models are modified by the experimental observationComment: 16 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the GWDAW2002 conference, held in Kyoto on Dec.,2002. This version includes comments by the referees of CQG, which has accepted the paper for pubblication in the special issue of the conference. In particular, note that in Eq. 12 there was a typeset error. As suggested by one of the referees, a uniform prior in Log(alpha) has also been considere

Psychopathology in Williams syndrome: the effect of individual differences across the lifespan

The present research aimed to comprehensively explore psychopathology in Williams syndrome (WS) across the lifespan and evaluate the relationship between psychopathology and age category (child or adult), gender and cognitive ability. The parents of 50 participants with WS, aged 6-50 years, were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-PL). The prevalence of a wide range of Axis I DSM-IV disorders was assessed. In addition to high rates of anxiety and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (38% and 20% respectively), 14% of our sample met criteria for a depressive disorder and 42% of participants were not experiencing any significant psychopathological difficulties. There was some evidence for different patterns of psychopathology between children and adults with WS and between males and females. These relationships were largely in keeping with those found in the typically developing population, thus supporting the validity of applying theory and treatment approaches for psychopathology in the typically developing population to WS