Combined treatment with oestradiol benzoate, d‐cloprostenol and oxytocin permits cervical dilation and nonsurgical embryo recovery in ewes

This study examined the feasibility of transcervical embryo recovery after the hormonal treatment to induce cervical dilation, following the 7‐day oestrous synchronization protocol in multiparous Santa Inês ewes. A total of 23 cyclic ewes received two doses of 37.5 μg of d‐cloprostenol by latero‐vulvar route 7 days apart. After the second injection of d‐cloprostenol, the ewes were checked for oestrus (every 12 hr) and then mated by fertile rams throughout the oestrous period. All ewes received 37.5 μg of d‐cloprostenol (latero‐vulvar) and 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate by either intramuscular (EBim group; n = 12) or intravaginal (EBivg group; n = 11) route 16 hr before embryo flushing. Twenty minutes before the flushing, 50 IU of oxytocin were administered intravenously. The oestrous response (i.e., the percentage of ewes that showed signs of oestrous behaviour after the second d‐cloprostenol injection) was 91.3% (21/23). The proportion of successfully penetrated ewes (81.8% compared with 80.0%), the mean duration of embryo flushing (24.7 ± 2.0 min compared 26.2 ± 1.9 min), the flushing fluid recovery rate (94.8 ± 1.3% compared with 91.0 ± 2.9%) and the average number of structures recovered per ewe (0.5 ± 0.4 compared with 0.8 ± 0.4) did not vary (p > 0.05) between the EBim and EBivg groups. Viable embryos were recovered from 41.2% (7/17) of successfully penetrated ewes. It can be concluded that nonsurgical (i.e., transcervical) embryo collection can be performed in oestrous‐synchronized Santa Inês ewes pretreated with d‐cloprostenol, oxytocin and oestradiol benzoate, with the latter hormone administered by either the intramuscular or intravaginal route

PROFILE OF HILLBILLY PORK PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS FROM ALTO SÃO FRANCISCO REGION OF MINAS GERAIS STATE

Small rural properties are common in regions of the interior of the state of Minas Gerais, making the production of animals in a rustic system, such as the raising of swine in an extensive or semi-extensive system, expressive. The objective was to evaluate the profile of producers and consumers of free-range swine in the Alto São Francisco Region - MG. The research was carried out in the municipality of Bambuí - MG, located in the center-west of Minas Gerais. Participate in the survey 8 producers from the Bambuí region 20 Bambui residents informed at the free fair that they accept to participate in the. It was used with 21 questions. The analysis was carried out with the help of Excel® spreadsheets in Microsoft Office Excel 19. The results show the dissemination of products through marketing is the main factor that influences electronic data on the growth of the activity. The analysis of data obtained through the producers can affirm that dissemination and structuring of the swine sector are necessary. This procedure will enable better production and commercial rates in alternative systems. There are possibilities for trade in products from country systems to be marketed and to expand further. However, the lack of guidance from government agencies and specific information hinders this process of growth and structuring of the sector. They indicate that the pork purchased is acquired through the local fair, where the price and origin of the products are the most relevant factors at the time of purchase.Pequenas propriedades rurais são comuns em regiões do interior do estado de Minas Gerais, tornando expressivo a produção de animais em sistema caipira, como a criação de suínos em sistema extensivo ou semi-extensivo. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil dos produtores e consumidores de suínos caipira da Região do Alto São Francisco – MG. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Bambuí – MG, situado no centro oeste mineiro. Participaram do questionário 16 produtores rurais da região de Bambuí e 40 bambuienses abordados na feira-livre que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Foi utilizado questionário contendo 21 questões. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio de planilhas eletrônicas no Microsoft Office Excel® 2019. Os resultados mostram quem a falta de assistência técnica e a divulgação dos produtos por meio marketing são os principais fatores que influem negativamente sobre o crescimento da atividade. A análise de dados obtidos por meio dos produtores, permitem afirmar, que se faz necessário uma maior divulgação e estruturação do setor suinícola caipira. Tal procedimento possibilitará melhores índices produtivos e comercial nos sistemas alternativos. Existem possibilidades para que o comércio de produtos oriundos de sistemas caipira sejam comercializados e possam ter uma maior expansão. Porém a falta de orientação de órgãos governamentais e informações especificas, dificultam esse processo de crescimento e estruturação do setor. Os consumidores apontam que a carne suína consumida é adquirida por meio da feira local, onde o preço e procedência dos produtos são os fatores mais relevantes na hora da compra

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DE REUTILIZAÇÃO DO CIDR® EM PROTOCOLOS DE SUPEROVULAÇÃO DE OVELHAS

Sheep farming is an area of veterinary medicine of great importance at regional and national level, among the easily found breeds of economic relevance in northeastern Brazil are Morada Nova and Santa Inês. In addition, ultrasonography has been used systematically in animals superovulatory response to the sheep supervoulation protocols. In order to assess, based on the number of yellow bodies and number of viable embryos produced, the efficiency of the reuse of CIDR® in superovulation protocols in sheep using ultrasonography in color Doppler mode, a superovulatory protocol was performed in a total 40 sheep, with G-USED when 10 Morada Nova ewes and 10 Santa Inês ewes received reused CIDR® and G-NOVO when 10 Morada Nova ewes and 10 Santa Inês ewes received new CIDR®. The mean and standard error of yellow bodies was 10.35±1.33 for G-USED and 9.25±1.65 for G-NOVO, while the number of viable embryos was 6.50±2, 54 for G-USED and 8.25±1.49 for G-NEW. Thus, the reuse of CIDR® demonstrated efficiency in superovulation and did not interfere with the development of corpus luteum and the production of quality transferable embryos in sheep.A ovinocultura é uma área da medicina veterinária de grande importância a nível regional e nacional, dentre as raças de relevância econômica facilmente encontradas no nordeste do Brasil estão a Morada Nova e a Santa Inês. Além disso, a ultrassonografia tem sido utilizada sistematicamente na resposta superovulatória de animais aos protocolos de supervolução de ovinos. Com o objetivo de avaliar, com base no número de corpos amarelos e no número de embriões viáveis produzidos, a eficiência do reaproveitamento do CIDR® em protocolos de superovulação em ovelhas por ultrassonografia no modo Doppler colorido, foi realizado um protocolo de superovulação em um total de 40 ovelhas, com G-USED quando 10 ovelhas Morada Nova e 10 ovelhas Santa Inês receberam CIDR® reutilizado e G-NOVO quando 10 ovelhas Morada Nova e 10 ovelhas Santa Inês receberam CIDR® novo. A média e erro padrão dos corpos amarelos foi de 10,35±1,33 para G-USED e 9,25±1,65 para G-NOVO, enquanto o número de embriões viáveis foi de 6,50±2, 54 para G-USED e 8,25±1,49 para G-NEW. Assim, a reutilização do CIDR® demonstrou eficiência na superovulação e não interferiu no desenvolvimento do corpo lúteo e na produção de embriões transferíveis de qualidade em ovinos

AVALIAÇÃO DO USO DO CIDR NOVO E REUTILIZADO NO INÍCIO E DURAÇÃO DO ESTRO EM OVINOS

Study evaluated the use of new and re-utilized CIDR® to increase the reproductivebreeding efficiency of the Santa Inês (SI) and Morada Nova (MN). In the synchronization protocol, 40 sheep was divided into four groups: MN with re-utilized CIDR®; MN with new CIDR®; SI with re-utilized CIDR® and SI with new CIDR®. The protocol lasted for 15 days. At D0, females received CIDR®. Between D7 and D9, ovarian superstimulation was induced by two doses application with a 12-hour break of p-FSH. Estrus confirmation was evaluated with ruffians, and the duration determined with the first and last mounts. The ovulation was determined by B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler. All animals of the experiment showed signs of estrus after removal of the device and there was no difference between treatments (p>0.05). In Treatment 1 (T1, CIDR® used), the beginning of estrus was 22.3±1.53h and in Treatment 2 (T2, new CIDR®) was 22.9±1.64h. In estrus duration, T1 and T2 was similar (21.6±1.81 and 22.2±0.63, respectively). Conclusion: the treatments are efficient to induce and synchronize estrus, with satisfactory results in their duration.Estudo avaliou o uso de CIDR® novo e reutilizado para aumentar a eficiência reprodutiva de Santa Inês (SI) e Morada Nova (MN). No protocolo de sincronização, 40 ovinos foram divididos em quatro grupos: MN com CIDR® reutilizado; MN com o novo CIDR®; SI com CIDR® reutilizado e SI com novo CIDR®. O protocolo durou 15 dias. No D0, as fêmeas receberam CIDR®. Entre D7 e D9, a superestimulação ovariana foi induzida pela aplicação de duas doses com intervalo de 12 horas de p-FSH. A confirmação do estro foi avaliada com rufiões, e a duração determinada com a primeira e a última monta. A ovulação foi determinada por ultrassom modo B e Doppler colorido. Todos os animais do experimento apresentaram sinais de estro após a retirada do dispositivo e não houve diferença entre os tratamentos (p>0,05). No Tratamento 1 (T1, CIDR® utilizado), o início do estro foi de 22,3±1,53h e no Tratamento 2 (T2, novo CIDR®) foi de 22,9±1,64h. Na duração do estro, T1 e T2 foram semelhantes (21,6±1,81 e 22,2±0,63, respectivamente). Conclusão: os tratamentos são eficientes para induzir e sincronizar o estro, com resultados satisfatórios na duração dos mesmos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio