Are orthognathic surgical procedures for the correction of Class III malocclusion less stable in younger patients?

Introduction: In patients with Class III malocclusion, continued disproportionate growth after orthognathic surgery has the potential to reverse the surgical correction. Purpose: To determine if evaluation of patients’ growth status allows for successful early surgical correction of Class III dentofacial deformity. Materials and Methods: Patients having undergone combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment for the correction of Class III malocclusion were grouped into early and late surgery groups. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 31 subjects were traced and measured, and the magnitude and direction of post­ surgical change was evaluated. Differences in growth related to type of surgery and patient gender were determined for both groups. Results: Differences in post-surgical change between the early and late treatment groups did not reach statistical significance. Patients undergoing combined maxillary and mandibular surgery exhibited greater post-treatment change than those having maxillary surgery alone. The magnitude of post­ surgical change was small in most patients. All of the patients exhibited positive overbite and overjet at final records. Conclusions: Results from this study indicate that in early-maturing individuals, surgical correction of Class III dentofacial deformity can be performed successfully in late adolescence. Some post-treatment change can be expected for all Class III surgical patients

L’identité composée : hybridité, métissage et manichéisme dans La saga des Béothuks, de Bernard Assiniwi, et Ourse bleue, de Virginia Pésémapéo Bordeleau

Les textes amérindiens du Québec abordent le contact des cultures d’un point de vue renouvelé. À la lumière du concept d’hybridité (Bhabha), comment les textes amérindiens représentent-ils le métissage et l’hybridité, sur les plans textuel et sémantique? Dans La saga des Béothuks, de Bernard Assiniwi, et Ourse bleue, de Virginia Pésémapéo Bordeleau, le texte affiche nettement une hétérogénéité typique du mélange culturel où l’oralité et l’écrit se côtoient et où les langues française et amérindiennes cohabitent. Toutefois, le contexte colonial des oeuvres, particulièrement dans La saga des Béothuks, amène une vision manichéenne comme base des dynamiques identitaires. De façon différente, Ourse bleue propose, à travers la quête de son personnage principal, une composition identitaire ambivalente et versatile, se rapprochant en cela d’un espace hybride. Dans les deux cas, la textualité constitue le lieu d’expression privilégié de l’hybridité.The Amerindian texts of Québec broach cultural contact from an updated point of view. In light of the hybridity concept (Bhabha), how are miscegenation and hybridity represented, textually and semantically, in Amerindian writings? In The Beothuk Saga, by Bernard Assiniwi, and in Ourse bleue, by Virginia Pésémapéo Bordeleau, the text clearly reveals a heterogeneity that is typical of the cultural mingling where orality and writing border one another, and where the French and Amerindian languages cohabit. However, the colonial context of these works, particularly The Beothuk Saga, conveys a manichaeistic vision as the basis of the dynamics of identity. In a different way, Ourse bleue proposes, through the quest of its primary character, an ambivalent and versatile identity composition that comes close to the hybrid space. In both cases, textuality is the privileged locale for the expression of hybridity

Brine Spill Remediation: Crestwood Pipeline, McKenzie County, North Dakota

Electrical Conductivity (EC) analyses of soil samples collected at a coproduced brine spill site near Mandaree, McKenzie County, North Dakota suggest that the site has been remediated. Five soil samples were taken from the area 12 inches below the ground surface. In the lab the saturation extract (Rhoades, 1982) method was used to collect a solution from the soil sample. From the solution we measured the EC. EC values showed a slightly higher reading from the samples within the spill site compared to sample that was taken outside of the spill where no contaminated was found. Chemical analyses of the water samples also indicate that the levels of sodium (Na) were slightly higher within the spill site. Although these measurements were higher within the spill site they’re not high enough to present a salinity hazard

Impacts Of Cold Region Hydroclimatic Variability On Phosphorus Exports: Insights From Concentrations - Discharge Relationships

In Devils Lake ND, a terminal lake in the Northern Great Plains, algae blooms are of great concern due to the recent increase of streamflow and subsequent elevated concentrations of nutrients, particularly phosphorus. To date, very few studies explore P concentration to streamflow relationship in cold region agricultural basins, specially the headwater catchments of the Devils Lake basin. This study gains a better understanding of the impacts of hydroclimatic variation on concentration to streamflow relationships between two headwater catchments (Mauvais Coulee: 1032 km2 and Tributary 3: 160 km2) draining to Devils Lake during the 2016-2018 period. This study presents high-resolution P observation data during the first flush of snowmelt runoff while identifying the controlling factors of P exports using both field-based observations and hydroclimatic variability detected by physically based hydrologic simulations. United States Geological Survey provided the streamflow measurements, and I collected water samples (filtered and unfiltered) three times daily during the spring snowmelt seasons of 2017 and 2018 and analyzed for P. Based on P concentration in soil and accumulated snow, the soil is the most likely source of observed P in the stream waters. Total P is dominated by dissolved P, with little contribution from particulate P, which is presumed to be locked in an ice matrix in frozen soils. The Mauvais Coulee basin (2016-17 and 2017-18) expresses near chemostatic concentration to streamflow relationships in the rising limb of the hydrograph, while concentration to streamflow relationship correlate positively in the descending limb. The poor correlation in the rising limb of the hydrograph suggests that the excessive amount of snow water equivalent and the existence of basal ice limit the contact time between meltwater and soil resulting in inconsistent P export. In 2018, Tributary 3 basin showed a linear and positive concentration to streamflow relationship in both rising and descending limbs suggesting extensive flushing of P from soil. Frozen soil conditions simulated by a physically based model show strong correlations with the observed concentration to streamflow relationships suggesting that the extent of frozen soil conditions can partly explain the extent of chemostatic behavior. Higher annual export loads per unit basin area were observed in Tributary 3 in both field seasons partially due to the heavily cultivated and tilled soil of agricultural lands. Tillage indexes suggest that there are more exposed soil and less crop residues in Tributary 3 basin, while the Mauvais Coulee basin has more crop residue and less exposed soil. This suggests that the volume of runoff and the land management practices are contributing factor in total load export

Approches synthétiques d'analogues de [delta]³-arylprolines fusionnés : synthèse et applications des dérivés pyrrolo-prolines

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

L’interprétation de la lettre en algèbre par des élèves du secondaire au Québec

L’apprentissage de l’algèbre continue à poser des difficultés importantes aux élèves du secondaire (Kieran, 1992; Kieran et Sfard 1999; MacGregor et Stacey, 1997; Radford et Grenier, 1996). Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude qui tente de répondre à la question de recherche suivante : l’évolution de l’enseignement de l’algèbre depuis la fin des années 70 jusqu’à nos jours a-t-elle eu un impact sur l’interprétation que les élèves ont de la lettre en algèbre? Pour ce faire, les réponses à un test de 157 élèves de deuxième et troisième secondaire d’aujourd’hui ont été comparées à celles d’environ 2000 élèves de la fin des années 70 à l’aide des niveaux de compréhension de l’algèbre (Küchemann, 1981). L’analyse des résultats montre une meilleure compréhension de l’algèbre, telle que définie par Küchemann (1981), et donc de l’interprétation que les élèves du Québec font de la lettre en algèbre

Accounting for Culture

Many scholars, practitioners, and policy-makers in the cultural sector argue that Canadian cultural policy is at a crossroads: that the environment for cultural policy-making has evolved substantially and that traditional rationales for state intervention no longer apply. The concept of cultural citizenship is a relative newcomer to the cultural policy landscape, and offers a potentially compelling alternative rationale for government intervention in the cultural sector. Likewise, the articulation and use of cultural indicators and of governance concepts are also new arrivals, emerging as potentially powerful tools for policy and program development. Accounting for Culture is a unique collection of essays from leading Canadian and international scholars that critically examines cultural citizenship, cultural indicators, and governance in the context of evolving cultural practices and cultural policy-making. It will be of great interest to scholars of cultural policy, communications, cultural studies, and public administration alike. </i

Estimation of lidar bias over complex terrain using numerical tools

For a few years, a new wind measurement instrument has been competing with standard cup anemometers: wind LiDARs. Despite numerous advantages such as ease of deployment and the possibility to scan at multiple heights simultaneously, the performances of this instrument over complex terrain are still a matter of debate. This is mainly due to the flow homogeneity assumption made by the remote sensor which leads to a positive or a negative bias. The objective of this work was to implement a method to evaluate LiDAR bias over complex terrain using OpenFOAM. To accomplish this task, a CFD model capable of dealing with complex terrain and sparse forest was developed in OpenFOAM v1.7. A RANS approach coupled with a modified k-ε turbulence model accounting for extra turbulence generated by the forest was used. To estimate LiDAR bias, the method proposed by Bingöl et al. (2008) was implemented as a post-processing tool. First, a simple verification of the model was carried out by modeling neutrally stratified boundary layer. Apart from the usual overshoot of k in the near-wall cells, results agreed well with analytical solutions. Then, the modifications brought to the solver to account for the effects of forest were validated. In order to do so, flow over and within a dense forest was modeled and results were compared to experimental data of Amiro (1990) and numerical results of Dalpé and Masson (2008). An innovative top boundary condition totally independent of the forest displacement height developed by Lussier-Clément (2012) was also validated. The experiment showed that, in the presence of forest, imposing fixed values for U, k and ε at the top of the domain is not appropriate. The LiDAR bias post-processing algorithm was also validated for flow over an isolated Gaussian hill. The effects of the scanning height as well as the slope of the hill were investigated. For terrain slopes ranging from ∼25% to ∼43%, LiDAR bias ranging from 2% up to 10% was observed. The generalization of the method for large areas revealed to be particulary useful at showing the extant of the bias. Finally, a real case scenario was studied where a LiDAR was sited in the Gaspe peninsula on a complex and densely forested terrain. The assessment of the CFD model for this site firstly revealed the significant impact of both the location and nature of the inlet boundary condition. Then, the LiDAR bias was estimated with the help of OpenFOAM v1.7, MeteoDyn WT 4.0 and WAsP Engineering. Numerical results were compared to experimental data. Despite the presence of terrain complexity up to a distance of eight times the radius of the scanned disc around the remote sensor, very little error was observed, suggesting that the LiDAR is only affected by topographic variations closer to the scanned volume