Emmanuel Ethis, La Petite fabrique du spectateur. Être et devenir festivalier à Cannes et à Avignon

Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble des textes de Jean-Louis Fabiani, Damien Malinas, Jean-Claude Passeron, Emmanuel Pedler, et Paul Veyne, sous l’égide d’Emmanuel Ethis. La préface rédigée par Yves Jeanneret (Sorbonne). Les textes, ou plutôt les sociogrammes, ici rassemblés ont été publiés dans Libération et Synopsis entre 1999 et 2009 et sont directement issus d’enquêtes sur les terrains cannois et avignonnais, terrains fertiles pour la sociologie festivalière. L’ouvrage s’articule en deux chap..

Emmanuel Ethis, La Petite fabrique du spectateur. Être et devenir festivalier à Cannes et à Avignon

Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble des textes de Jean-Louis Fabiani, Damien Malinas, Jean-Claude Passeron, Emmanuel Pedler, et Paul Veyne, sous l’égide d’Emmanuel Ethis. La préface rédigée par Yves Jeanneret (Sorbonne). Les textes, ou plutôt les sociogrammes, ici rassemblés ont été publiés dans Libération et Synopsis entre 1999 et 2009 et sont directement issus d’enquêtes sur les terrains cannois et avignonnais, terrains fertiles pour la sociologie festivalière. L’ouvrage s’articule en deux chap..

Yves Gingras, L’Impossible dialogue. Sciences et religions

Si Frère Marie Victorin disait en 1920 qu’il fallait « laisser la science et la religion s’en aller par des chemins parallèles, vers leurs buts propres » (p. 1), on assiste à un regain d’intérêt pour un dialogue entre sciences et religion, au point que John Templeton (1912-2008) a créé une fondation (pp. 292-293) pour financer les études sur le sujet. C’est sur ce phénomène que s’est penché Yves Gingras, professeur à l’Université du Québec (histoire et sociologie des sciences) et ancien étudi..

Confirmation of antibodies against L-tryptophan-like epitope in human African trypanosomosis serological diagnostic

Antibodies directed against L-tryptophan epitope (WE - W for tryptophan, E for epitope), a constant epitope borne by variant surface glycoproteins (VSG), have been detected in sera of all 152 Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) patients from Angola. The WE is present in VSG hydrophobic regions of the C terminal domains. In the assay, L-tryptophan was linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glutaraldehyde to synthesize W-G-BSA conjugate which was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the antibodies. A significant difference was found between HAT patients and controls confirming previous results obtained with a lower number of patients in Congo. A diagnostic test based on this synthetic epitope, especially in combination with other tests, might improve the HAT diagnostic test in field conditions.Key words: Tryptophan, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), human African trypanosomosis, serological diagnostic

Le théorème de Holditch

Soit une corde de longueur donnée qui glisse sur une courbe convexe fermée (C). Considérons un point de cette corde qui la divise en deux segments de longueur a et b. Ce point décrit une nouvelle courbe (C'). Sous certaines hypothèses, l'aire comprise entre les deux courbes (C) et (C') est donnée par πab. Ce résultat a été démontré par le mathématicien anglais H. Holditch en 1858. Dans cet article, nous commentons l'évolution de ce théorème et de ses méthodes de démonstration de 1858 à nos jours. Nous en donnons une forme plus actuelle (1981), qui s'affranchit des hypothèses de convexité notamment, et qui est due au mathématicien Suédois Arne Broman. Nous développons également quelques applications géométriques classiques (cardioïde, épicycloïdes, système bielle-manivelle)

Le conflit entre le Soi et la vérité (l'humanité de l'homme chez les penseurs grecs anciens)

La pensée occidentale tomberait dans le vide si elle s'écartait du chemin de la vérité fondée sur la connaissance et sur le Soi, comme i'affirme la fameuse parole de Hegel : "la conscience de soi est la terre natale de la vérité. Déjà au début du vingtième siècle E. Husserl est convaincu que cette conscience de soi, appelée communément "réflexion grecque", fonde pour les temps à venir une "supra-nationalité" en laquelle se dessine "la forme spirituelle de Europe". Au début du vingt et unième siècle, à marée montante de mondialisation et de dialogue interculturel, la même réflexion grecque, la même évidente conviction de fonder la vérité sur le Soi, semble être proposée pour la marche en avant de toute l'humanité. Or les Grecs anciens, à qui il est reconnu conventionnellement l'accomplissement de la fondation de la pensée occidentale, fondent-ils le sens de l'humanité de l'homme sur le Soi ? Non. A l'instar des sages anciens de différentes cultures du monde, les Grecs anciens sont trés conscients de la place du Soi lié à la condition humaine. Mais d'une manière absolument contradictoire à la réflexion grecque, ils sont inspirés par la "parole poétique" pour dénoncer le Soi comme source d'illusion auquel l'homme est originellement enchaîné, et pour annoncer comme son authentique de la relation de toujours, mais cachée, venant primordialement de l'Autre et des autres. En effet, la séparation entre le Soi et la vérite, ainsi que la lutte entre les deux au sein de l'existence humaine en vue de l'accomplissement de l'humanité, constituent l'élément tragique de la tragédie grecque, particulièrement dans Prométhée enchaîné d'Eschyle et Oedipe-Roi de Sophocle, inspirent les paroles poétiques des présocratiques, tels Héraclite et Parménide, et enfin justifient la pensée, la vie et la mort de SocrateWestem thought would fall into a vacuum if it deviated from the way of the truth founded on consciousness and Self, as the famous word of Hegel affirms it : the self-awareness is the native soil of the truth."In the first half of the twentieth century, E. Husserl was already convinced that this selfawareness, commonly called "Greek reflection", would set up for times to come a "supra-nationality" in which "the spiritual figure of Europe takes shape." And with the rising tide of today's globalization and intercultural dialogue, it seems that the sarne 'Greek reflection' and the same, conviction in the obviousness of basing the truth on Self are being presented to mankind as a path to the future. However do the ancient Greeks, in whom one conventionally recognizes the achievement of establishing Westem thought, found the meaning of man's humanity on Self ? Of course not! Like ancient wise men in various cultures of the world, the ancient Greeks were very conscious of the place of Self related to the human condition. But in an absolutely contradictoty way to the "Greek reflection", they were inspired by the poetic Word to denounce Self as the source of illusion to which man is originally chained up, and to reveal man's authentic identity as the relationship of always, but hidden, coming from the Other and others. Indeed, the separation of Self frorn the truth, as well as the fight between the two within human existence for achievement of humanity, constitute the tragic element in the Greek tragedy, particularly in Aeschylus's Prometheus Enchained and Sophocles' Oedipus the King, and inspire the poetic words of pre-Socratic thinkers, especially Heraclius and Parmenides, and finally justify Socrates' thought, life and deathMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Efficient genome editing using tRNA promoter-driven CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA in Aspergillus niger.

As a powerful tool for fast and precise genome editing, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied in filamentous fungi to improve the efficiency of genome alteration. However, the method of delivering guide RNA (gRNA) remains a bottleneck in performing CRISPR mutagenesis in Aspergillus species. Here we report a gRNA transcription driven by endogenous tRNA promoters which include a tRNA gene plus 100 base pairs of upstream sequence. Co-transformation of a cas9-expressing plasmid with a linear DNA coding for gRNA demonstrated that 36 of the 37 tRNA promoters tested were able to generate the intended mutation in A. niger. When gRNA and cas9 were expressed in a single extra-chromosomal plasmid, the efficiency of gene mutation was as high as 97%. Co-transformation with DNA template for homologous recombination, the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted ~42% efficiency of gene replacement in a strain with a functioning non-homologous end joining machinery (kusA+), and an efficiency of >90% gene replacement in a kusA- background. Our results demonstrate that tRNA promoter-mediated gRNA expressions are reliable and efficient in genome editing in A. niger

Limited uterine artery embolization with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres for uterine fibroids.

International audiencePURPOSE: To evaluate the midterm results of limited embolization of the uterine arteries in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of limited uterine artery embolization (UAE) with use of calibrated tris-acryl gelatin microspheres in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty women (mean age, 43 years) with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent bilateral embolization of the uterine arteries with use of calibrated microspheres. Devascularization of the fibroids was achieved and the main uterine artery was left patent in all women. Embolization was offered as an alternative to surgery in all women who had been treated unsuccessfully with medical therapy. RESULTS: All procedures were technically successful. Microspheres 700-900 micro m in diameter were used in 14 women (70%). After a mean follow-up duration of 30.2 months (range, 24-48 mo), all women reported improvement in their symptoms, with 85% reporting complete resolution of menorrhagia at the most recent follow-up. One woman with multiple fibroids required a second embolization procedure because of persisting symptoms at 6 months. She is currently symptom-free after 48 months. In two women with submucosal fibroids, expulsion of necrotic fibroids occurred 2 and 7 months after the procedure, respectively. All women resumed normal menstruation after the procedure. One woman had a successful full-term pregnancy after embolization. CONCLUSION: Early experience with UAE with use of calibrated tris-acryl gelatin microspheres indicates that it is safe and efficacious in controlling menorrhagia

RILA blood biomarker as a predictor of radiation-induced sarcoma in a matched cohort study

International audiencePurpose: Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a rare but serious event. Its occurrence has been discussed during the implementation of new radiation techniques and justified appropriate radioprotection requirements. New approaches targeting intrinsic radio-sensitivity have been described, such as radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) able to predict late radio-induced toxicities. We studied the role of RILA as a predisposing factor for RIS as a late adverse event following radiation therapy (RT).Patients and methods: In this prospective biological study, a total of 120 patients diagnosed with RIS were matched with 240 control patients with cancer other than sarcoma, for age, sex, primary tumor location and delay after radiation. RILA was prospectively assessed from blood samples using flow cytometry.Results: Three hundred and forty-seven patients were analyzed (118 RIS patients and 229 matched control patients). A majority (74%) were initially treated by RT for breast cancer. The mean RT dose was comparable with a similar mean (± standard deviation) for RIS (53.7 ± 16.0 Gy) and control patients (57.1 ± 15.1 Gy) (p = .053). Median RILA values were significantly lower in RIS than in control patients with respectively 18.5% [5.5–55.7] and 22.3% [3.8–52.2] (p = .0008). Thus, patients with a RILA >21.3% are less likely to develop RIS (p < .0001, OR: 0.358, 95%CI [0.221–0.599].Conclusion: RILA is a promising indicator to predict an individual risk of developing RIS. Our results should be followed up and compared with molecular and genomic testing in order to better identify patients at risk. A dedicated strategy could be developed to define and inform high-risk patients who require a specific approach for primary tumor treatment and long term follow-up

Methicillin-Susceptible, Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Brazil

We report characterization of a methicillin-susceptible, vancomycin-resistant bloodstream isolate of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from a patient in Brazil. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus would indicate that this resistance trait might be poised to disseminate more rapidly among S. aureus and represents a major public health threat