2,811 research outputs found

    Evaluation de la qualité des soins aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa : étude de satisfaction des patients hospitalisés: Assessment of the quality of care at the Kinshasa University Hospital: perception of attending

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    Context and objective. Assessing the quality of are is a valid indicator of health systems effectiveness. This concept is increasingly used in health planning. However, developing countries are slow in integrating these principles. The present work reports the quality of care assessment as perceived by patients hospitalized in the Kinshasa University Hospital (KUH). Methods. This was a descriptive study using a selfadministered questionnaire to hospitalized patients on the day of discharge. Questions were focused on the patient reception, privacy protection, patient information and nursing care. Results. Eighty women (54%) and 68 men (46%) in total were surveyed.  Patient's reception, specifically their admission and units of care were badly assessed by eight patients out of ten. Similarly, comfort in rooms was badly assessed in 75% of case due to heat, dirt, and noise prevailing inside. In contrast, data on confidentiality (86%) and quality of health information (90%), treatment received and assistance to routine life activities (88%) were greatly appreciated. The overall satisfaction level was high and the majority of patients (75%) declared to be ready to come back to CUK for consultation. 77% would recommend their relatives to this structure if needed. Conclusion. This patient satisfaction survey in KUH showed some concerning evidences which shall challenge care managers and providers in this institution. Contexte et objectif. L’évaluation de la qualitĂ© des soins offerts est un indicateur validĂ© de l’efficacitĂ© d’un système de santĂ©. Le concept est de plus en plus utilisĂ© dans la planification sanitaire. Cependant, les pays en dĂ©veloppement tardent Ă  intĂ©grer ces principes. Ce travail rapporte l’apprĂ©ciation des soins telle que perçue par les patients hospitalisĂ©s aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa. MĂ©thodes. Une Ă©tude descriptive a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’un questionnaire auto administrĂ© Ă  des sujets Ă  la sortie d’hospitalisation. Les questions Ă©taient articulĂ©es autour de l’accueil, du respect de l’intimitĂ©, de l’information et des soins proprement-dits. RĂ©sultats. Au total, 80 femmes (54%) et 68 hommes (46%) ont Ă©tĂ© interrogĂ©s. Le service d’accueil rĂ©servĂ© Ă  la rĂ©ception ainsi qu’aux unitĂ©s des soins a Ă©tĂ© mal apprĂ©ciĂ© par huit malades sur dix. Il en est de mĂŞme du confort dans les chambres (75%) Ă  cause de la chaleur, de la saletĂ© et du bruit qui y rĂ©gnaient. Par contre, ils ont apprĂ©ciĂ© le respect de l’intimitĂ©, la qualitĂ© de l’information reçue sur leur maladie, le traitement reçu ainsi que l’aide aux activitĂ©s de la vie courante. Le niveau global de satisfaction a Ă©tĂ© Ă©levĂ© et la majoritĂ© des personnes (75%) ont dĂ©clarĂ© ĂŞtre prĂŞtes Ă  revenir consulter aux CUK et y recommanderaient leurs proches en cas de besoin (77%). Conclusion. L’enquĂŞte de satisfaction rĂ©vèle des donnĂ©es prĂ©occupantes et qui devraient interpeller les organisateurs des prestations de soins dans notre institution

    Leçons apprises de la gestion des épidémies de la maladie à virus Ebola en République Démocratique du Congo de 2007 à 2017: Lessons learned from the management of Ebola outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2007 to 2017

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    Context and objective. DRC’s ecosystem provides conditions that are favorable to the occurrence of zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface including Ebola virus disease (EVD). Because the level of lethality of EVD is high, the present study focuses on the epidemics that occurred in Mweka (2007 and 2008), Isiro (2012), Boende (2014) and Likati (2017) with a view to assess the response components during each outbreak and to identify those with relevant impact on the scale of the epidemic. Methods. An analytical retrospective study of secondary data collected during the management of the five aforementioned EVD epidemics in DRC was conducted.Charecteristics of each outbreak were described based on descriptive statistics, and univariate analyzes of each response component were conducted in relation to lethality. Results. A total of 422 cases were recorded with 282 deaths or 66.8% lethality. The vast majority of cases are in the 15 to 49 age group. The female sex is the most represented. Among all the elements of the answer, in a univariate model, the deployment of the mobile laboratory (p = 0.002), the functionality of the commissions (p =0.001), the deployment of a multidisciplinary team and the powerful surveillance system (p = 0.001) are significantly associated with lethality. Conclusion. Rapid deployment of the mobile laboratory in the field, deployment of multidisciplinary teams, efficient functionality of the commissions and a functional monitoring system significantly reduced the fatality rate. Contexte et objectifs. La RDC a un écosystème favorable à la survenue des maladies d’origine zoonotique à l’interface homme-animal dont la maladie à virus Ebola (MVE). Face à une létalité reconnue être élevée pour cette dernière, cette étude s’est focalisée sur les épidémies survenues à Mweka (2007 et 2008), à Isiro (2012), à Boende (2014) et à Likati (2017) afin de décrire les différents éléments de réponse mis en place lors de chacune de ces épidémies et identifier ceux qui ont une influence significative sur l’ampleur de l’épidémie. Méthodes. Une étude documentaire analytique sur les données secondaires recueillies lors de la gestion de ces cinq épidémies de la MVE survenues en RDC. Les statistiques descriptives ont été réalisées pour caractériser chaque épidémie. Les analyses univariées de chaque élément de réponse ont été menées en rapport avec la létalité. Résultats. Un total de 422 cas a été enregistré avec 282 décès soit 66,8 % de létalité. La grande majorité de cas se trouve dans la tranche d’âge de 15 à 49 ans. Le sexe féminin est le plus représenté. Parmi tous les éléments de la réponse, dans un modèle univarié, le déploiement du laboratoire mobile (p=0,002), la fonctionnalité des commissions (p=0,001), le déploiement d’une équipe multidisciplinaire et le système de surveillance performant (p=0,001) sont associés significativement à la létalité. Conclusion. Le déploiement rapide du laboratoire mobile sur le terrain, le déploiement des équipes multidisciplinaires, la bonne fonctionnalité des commissions et le système de surveillance fonctionnel ont permis de réduire significativement la létalité

    Profil de sensibilisation aux allergènes des asthmatiques adultes à Kinshasa, RDC : Etude transversale par prick-tests: Allergen sensitization profile of adult asthmatics in Kinshasa, DRC: Cross-sectional study by prick-tests

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    Context. Atopy is a common feature of asthma, involving near 80% of patients. Allergen sensitization shows environmental and geographical variability worldwide. Objective. To determine the common allergen sensitization profile of adult asthmatics in Kinshasa. Methods. From June 2017 to February 2018, 216 asthmatics aged 18 and over, of both sexes, were consecutively recruited at the University Clinics of Kinshasa and in some parishes and churches around the same town. The socio-demographic variables were registered using a validated questionnaire. The prick-test was performed relaying on five standardized commercial extracts of dog and cat dander, house dust mite (Blomia tropicalis, Bt), molds (Alternaria alternata), and egg yolk. Results. The population, average age of 45.23 (SD=17.56) years, 74% female, was sensitized at least to one allergen (53%) and non -sensitized in 47%. Twenty-five percent were monosensitized and 27% plurisensitized. The sensitization profile was respectively to Blomia tropicalis (72%), cat dander (46%), dog dander (34%), Alternaria alternata (13%) and egg yolk (11%). Conclusion. The present study indicates a plurisentisization feature in many asthmatics in our milieu ; mainly to dust mites and cat dander. Futher investigations involving a larger number of subjects and using broader test batteries are needed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in our context. Contexte. Environ 80% des asthmatiques sont atopiques. La sensibilisation aux allergènes communs présente certaines variabilités environnementales et géographiques. Objectif. Déterminer le profil de sensibilisation aux allergènes communs des asthmatiques adultes de la ville de Kinshasa. Méthodes. De juin 2017 à février 2018, 216 asthmatiques de 18 ans et plus, des 2 sexes, ont été consécutivement recrutés aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa et dans certaines paroisses et églises de réveil de la ville de Kinshasa. A l’aide d’un questionnaire validé, les variables sociodémographiques ont été précisées. Le prick-test a été réalisé avec cinq extraits commerciaux standardisés de phanères de chien et chat, l’acarien de poussière de maison (Blomia tropicalis, Bt), les moisissures (Alternaria alternata), et le jaune d’oeuf. Résultats. L’âge moyen de la population était de 45,23 (ET=17,56) ans, 74% de sexe féminin, 47 % non sensibilisés et 53% sensibilisés à au moins un allergène. Vingt-cinq pourcent étaient monosensibilisées et 27% plurisensibilisées. Le profil de sensibilisation était Blomia tropicalis (72%), phanères de chat (46%), phanères de chien (34%), Alternaria alternata (13%) et jaune d’oeuf (11%). Conclusion. Une plurisensibilisation aux allergènes communs chez les asthmatiques dans notre milieu est présente dont le profil dominé par les acariens et les phanères de chats. Des enquêtes futures incluant un plus grand nombre de sujets et recourant à des batteries de tests plus élargies s’imposent en vue d’une définition d’options diagnostiques et thérapeutiques dans notre contexte

    Structures, Deformation Mechanisms and Tectonic Phases, Recorded in Paleoproterozoic Granitoids of West African Craton, Southern Part: Example of Kan’s Complex (Central of Côte d’Ivoire)

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    The granito-gneissic complex of Kan is located in the central part of the Paleoproterozoic domain of Côte d’Ivoire. It consists essentially of migmatitic and mylonitic gneisses with basic intrusions and xenoliths. This Proterozoic domain belongs to the Man Leo shield, southern part of West African craton (WAC). The present study, essentially based on a structural analysis at outcrop scale, aims to identify deformation mechanisms and tectonic phasesrecorded in the granito-gneissic complex of Kan. Deformation mechanisms include: (1) flattening, (2) constriction, (3) simple shear (4), rotation (5), brittle shear, and (6) extension. The Kan complex deformation occurred during four major tectonic phases named D1, D2, D3 and D4. D1 corresponds to WNW-ESE compression. It led to the formation of NS to NNE-SSW foliation, of stretching lineation, and of folds with sub-horizontal axes. It is accompanied by N170° and N10° sinistral shear zones, which constitute globally a NS major transcurrent shear zone in the central part of Côte d’Ivoire. D1 is also marked by N90° dextral shear zones. Tectonic phase D2 is associated with EW compression. It is marked by N50° dextral and N110° sinistral transcurents shear zones. D3 corresponds to NNE-SSW compressive phase and is responsible of N110° crenulation cleavage formation. (D4) constitutes a brittle deformation phase. It correspondsto posteburnean deformation in the Proterozoic crust of Côte d'Ivoire. Generally, these deformation phases are similar to D2 and D3 reported in the Man-Leo shield and that are part of regional collisional phase referred to as Eburnean orogeny in the WAC

    Tendances de la tuberculose pulmonaire bactériologiquement confirmée et issues thérapeutiques en République Démocratique du Congo : 2007-2017: Trends of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in Democratic Republic of the Congo: 2007-2017

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    Context and objective. DR Congo ranks among high burden countries for tuberculosis. However, the real incidence of the disease is unknown. The study aimed to describe the trends in the estimated incidence of the bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB and therapeutic outcomes of patients. Methods. A retrospective analysis of data from TB patients recorded during the period of 2007 to 2017 through all the country. Linear regtression model and z-score helped to assess the year to year variations in notification rate and treatment outcomes. Results. A total of 884,458 patients were enrolled including 820,858 new patients (NP TP+) and 63,600 with a previous TB treatment. The increase reached 28.95% during this decade. The annual average inrease was of 2, 41% +/- 3, and 28 % for NP TP+ and of 5, 7% +/-0.26 for default patients. Treatment outcome assessment included 848,163 patients among them, 789, 716 NP TP+ and 58,447 with a previous TB treatment. The success rate was 88% in the former group, of 70% in those with relapse, 64.3% in patients with failure and 67.8% in the group of ancient defaulters. A total of 70,515 (8.3%) patients remained smear positive. Conclusion. The study shows an increase in the incidence of reported TP+ patients with a treatment outcome reaching the WHO’s expectations. However the high proportion of smear positive patients suggests a high risk of further acquired TB resistance. Contexte et objectifs. La République Démocratique du Congo compte parmi les pays à lourd fardeau pour la tuberculose (TB), l’incidence réelle de la maladie n’est pas formellement connue. La présente étude vise à décrire les tendances de l’incidence notifiée des patients atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire bactériologiquement confirmée (TP+) et leurs issues thérapeutiques. Méthodes. Cette étude documentaire, analyse les données des patients diagnostiqués et traités pour tuberculose de 2007 à 2017 en RDC. L’incidence notifiée des patients TP+, le taux d’accroissement annuel, les issues thérapeutiques ont été recherchés. Les variations du nombre de patients sont exprimées par les proportions. Les tendances sont présentées à travers les courbes de régression linéaire. Les issues thérapeutiques sont comparées à l’aide du z-score avec un seuil significatif de p˂ 0,05. Résultats. Au total 884 458 patients TP+ ont été rapportés, dont 820 858 nouveaux patients (NP TP+) et 63 600 déjà traités. Le taux d’accroissement au cours de cette décade était de 28,95%, soit de 66099 en 2007 à 93767 en 2017 pour les NP TP+. L’augmentation annuelle moyenne était de 2,41% +/- 3,28 pour les NP TP+ et de 5,7% +/- 0,26 par an pour les rechutes. La notification des échecs de traitement initial et repris après abandon de traitement ont une tendance à la baisse. L’évaluation thérapeutique de tous les cas cumulés a concerné 848 163 patients dont 789 716 NP TP+ et 58447 en retraitement. Le succès thérapeutique était de 88,0 % pour les NP TP+ et 70,0 % pour les rechutes, de 64,3 % pour les échecs et de 67,8% pour les repris en traitement après abandon. En somme 70 515 (8,3%) patients ont gardé des expectorations positives. Conclusion. Cette étude montre une tendance à la hausse de notification des cas incidents dont l’issue de traitement répond aux standards de l’OMS. En outre, un nombre des personnes demeurent porteurs de germes persistants précurseurs d’une TB pharmacorésistante acquise

    Assessment of treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in D R Congo: A study based on drug regimens used between 2007 to 2017: Évaluation des issues thérapeutiques des patients atteints de la tuberculose à bacilles multi résistants : étude basée sur les régimes de médicaments utilisés en République Démocratique du Congo de 2007 à 2017

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    Context. Little is known about therapeutic successes in MDR-TB patients under regimens containing second-line molecules. The present study aimed to assess therapeutic outcomes in patients under therapeutic regimens applied in DR Congo. Methods. This historical cohort study has included confirmed MDR-TB patients who received treatment between 2007 and 2017 in 218 TB centers in DR Congo. Treatment outcome and survival at 36 months were analyzed using Zscore and chi square test. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to describe survival and Log Rank test helped in comparing curve based on the therapeutical regimen. Factors associated with therapeutic success and mortality predictors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analysis, respectively. Results. The therapeutic success in the study group (n=1,724) was 72% (range 68-74%) for all regimen combined. The average death rate was 12.8% although the group of patients receiving CyclosĂ©rine and Ofloxacine was the most affected (16%). The death rate was significantly higher in patients living in urban areas (15.2% versus 14.9%, p = 0.013) and also among MDR-TB/HIV co-infected patients (28.4% vs 15.7%, p<0.001) patients. The median survival of the study group was 722.7 days compared to 601.1 days for MDR-TB/HIV co-infected patients, and 736.7 days for HIV negative patients (p<0.001). Conclusion. Therapeutic successes are significant for the short regimen. However, the death rate remains high when Cycloserine and Ofloxacin are included in the regimen. The predictors of mortality are HIV infection and living in urban areas. Contexte. L’issue thĂ©rapeutique de la tuberculose multi rĂ©sistante (TB-MR) sous les molĂ©cules de deuxième intention n’est pas très bien connue. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©valuĂ© les rĂ©gimes thĂ©rapeutiques appliquĂ©s, en termes de succès thĂ©rapeutique et de survie. MĂ©thodes. L’étude de cohorte historique a inclu les patients TB-MR confirmĂ©s et traitĂ©s entre 2007 et 2017 dans 218 centres de tuberculose en RD Congo. L’issue thĂ©rapeutique et la survie Ă  36 mois ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es. Le score Z ou le test de chi carrĂ© ont comparĂ© des issues. La mĂ©thode de Kaplan-Meier a dĂ©crit les courbes de survie et le test de Log Rank a comparĂ© la survie en fonction du regime therapeutique. Les facteurs associĂ©s au succès thĂ©rapeutique et les prĂ©dicteurs de mortalitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s respectivement, par l’analyse multivariĂ©e de rĂ©gression logistique et de Cox. RĂ©sultats. Dans le groupe Ă©tudiĂ© (n=1724), le succès thĂ©rapeutique a Ă©tĂ© de 72% (68-74%) pour l’ensemble des rĂ©gimes. Le taux Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ© pour le rĂ©gime court (74%) et plus faible pour le rĂ©gime contenant la CyclosĂ©rine et l’Ofloxacine (68%). La moyenne de dĂ©cès Ă©tait de 12,8% ; mais plus Ă©levĂ©e dans le groupe sous regime contenant la CyclosĂ©rine et l’Ofloxacine (16%). Le taux de dĂ©cès Ă©tait significativement plus Ă©levĂ© en milieu urbain (15,2% versus 14,9 %, p = 0,013) et Ă©galement chez les sujets co-infectĂ©s par la MDR-TB  et le VIH (28.4% vs 15.7%, p <0,001). La survie mĂ©diane dans le groupe Ă©tait de 722,7 jours contre 601,1 jours chez les co-infectĂ©s MDR-TB/VIH, et de 736,7 jours) chez les patients VIH nĂ©gatifs (p<0,001). Conclusion. Les succès thĂ©rapeutiques sont acceptables en particulier, pour le rĂ©gime court ; toutefois, le taux de dĂ©cès demeure encore très Ă©levĂ© dans le groupe sous CyclosĂ©rine et Ofloxacine. Les prĂ©dicteurs de mortalitĂ© sont l’infection Ă  VIH et la vie citadine. &nbsp

    Interactions between Magnetic Nanowires and Living Cells : Uptake, Toxicity and Degradation

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    We report on the uptake, toxicity and degradation of magnetic nanowires by NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Magnetic nanowires of diameters 200 nm and lengths comprised between 1 {\mu}m and 40 {\mu}m are fabricated by controlled assembly of iron oxide ({\gamma}-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. Using optical and electron microscopy, we show that after 24 h incubation the wires are internalized by the cells and located either in membrane-bound compartments or dispersed in the cytosol. Using fluorescence microscopy, the membrane-bound compartments were identified as late endosomal/lysosomal endosomes labeled with lysosomal associated membrane protein (Lamp1). Toxicity assays evaluating the mitochondrial activity, cell proliferation and production of reactive oxygen species show that the wires do not display acute short-term (< 100 h) toxicity towards the cells. Interestingly, the cells are able to degrade the wires and to transform them into smaller aggregates, even in short time periods (days). This degradation is likely to occur as a consequence of the internal structure of the wires, which is that of a non-covalently bound aggregate. We anticipate that this degradation should prevent long-term asbestos-like toxicity effects related to high aspect ratio morphologies and that these wires represent a promising class of nanomaterials for cell manipulation and microrheology.Comment: 21 pages 12 figure

    Buffering Social Influence: Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition Predict Driving Safety in the Presence of a Peer

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    Adolescence is a period characterized by increased sensitivity to social cues, as well as increased risk-taking in the presence of peers. For example, automobile crashes are the leading cause of death for adolescents, and driving with peers increases the risk of a fatal crash. Growing evidence points to an interaction between neural systems implicated in cognitive control and social and emotional context in predicting adolescent risk. We tested such a relationship in recently licensed teen drivers. Participants completed an fMRI session in which neural activity was measured during a response inhibition task, followed by a separate driving simulator session 1 week later. Participants drove alone and with a peer who was randomly assigned to express risk-promoting or risk-averse social norms. The experimentally manipulated social context during the simulated drive moderated the relationship between individual differences in neural activity in the hypothesized cognitive control network (right inferior frontal gyrus, BG) and risk-taking in the driving context a week later. Increased activity in the response inhibition network was not associated with risk-taking in the presence of a risky peer but was significantly predictive of safer driving in the presence of a cautious peer, above and beyond self-reported susceptibility to peer pressure. Individual differences in recruitment of the response inhibition network may allow those with stronger inhibitory control to override risky tendencies when in the presence of cautious peers. This relationship between social context and individual differences in brain function expands our understanding of neural systems involved in top–down cognitive control during adolescent development

    Neural Responses to Exclusion Predict Susceptibility to Social Influence

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    Purpose Social influence is prominent across the lifespan, but sensitivity to influence is especially high during adolescence and is often associated with increased risk taking. Such risk taking can have dire consequences. For example, in American adolescents, traffic-related crashes are leading causes of nonfatal injury and death. Neural measures may be especially useful in understanding the basic mechanisms of adolescents\u27 vulnerability to peer influence. Methods We examined neural responses to social exclusion as potential predictors of risk taking in the presence of peers in recently licensed adolescent drivers. Risk taking was assessed in a driving simulator session occurring approximately 1 week after the neuroimaging session. Results Increased activity in neural systems associated with the distress of social exclusion and mentalizing during an exclusion episode predicted increased risk taking in the presence of a peer (controlling for solo risk behavior) during a driving simulator session outside the neuroimaging laboratory 1 week later. These neural measures predicted risky driving behavior above and beyond self-reports of susceptibility to peer pressure and distress during exclusion. Conclusions These results address the neural bases of social influence and risk taking; contribute to our understanding of social and emotional function in the adolescent brain; and link neural activity in specific, hypothesized, regions to risk-relevant outcomes beyond the neuroimaging laboratory. Results of this investigation are discussed in terms of the mechanisms underlying risk taking in adolescents and the public health implications for adolescent driving
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