Olivier Forcade, La Censure en France pendant la Grande Guerre

Comment organiser la censure de la presse, de l’édition et des spectacles en temps de guerre dans une République qui a fait de la loi du 29 juillet 1881, un des piliers de la liberté politique par refus de la législation du Deuxième Empire ? Dans une vie politique française nourrie de réminiscences historiques pour le motif qu’elle prétend réaliser, hic et nunc, le développement d’un processus historique qui conduit inéluctablement vers l’âge positif, la date du 29 juillet renvoie aux ordonna..

Feix (Marc) et Grandhomme (Jean-Noël) dir., Les évêques alsaciens-lorrains pendant la Grande Guerre (1914-1918)

Existe-t-il un livre qui ne dévoile une part de la réalité historique ? Non. Les actes de cette journée d’études qui a tenu ses séances à Strasbourg le 18 novembre 2018 seront utiles pour la publication de documents d’accès difficile comme les lettres de soldats (à partir de la page 637) ou le dossier documentaire composé par Jeanine Siat (p. 707 et sq.) qui a recopié des documents des Archives secrètes du Saint-Siège. Ces textes, au-delà de l’empathie à éprouver à l’endroit des hommes qui on..

Recursion based parallelization of exact dense linear algebra routines for Gaussian elimination

International audienceWe present block algorithms and their implementation for the parallelization of sub-cubic Gaussian elimination on shared memory architectures.Contrarily to the classical cubic algorithms in parallel numerical linear algebra, we focus here on recursive algorithms and coarse grain parallelization.Indeed, sub-cubic matrix arithmetic can only be achieved through recursive algorithms making coarse grain block algorithms perform more efficiently than fine grain ones. This work is motivated by the design and implementation of dense linear algebraover a finite field, where fast matrix multiplication is used extensively and where costly modular reductions also advocate for coarse grain block decomposition. We incrementally build efficient kernels, for matrix multiplication first, then triangular system solving, on top of which a recursive PLUQ decomposition algorithm is built. We study the parallelization of these kernels using several algorithmic variants: either iterative or recursive and using different splitting strategies. Experiments show that recursive adaptive methods for matrix multiplication, hybrid recursive-iterative methods for triangular system solve and tile recursive versions of the PLUQ decomposition, together with various data mapping policies, provide the best performance on a 32 cores NUMA architecture. Overall, we show that the overhead of modular reductions is more than compensated by the fast linear algebra algorithms and that exact dense linear algebra matches the performance of full rank reference numerical software even in the presence of rank deficiencies

ESR study of the spin adducts of three analogues of DEPMPO substituted at C-4 or C-3

In the research program of some new derivatives of spin-trap DEPMPO (5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) leading to various radical adducts with photogenic ESR signals, three phosphorylated pyrroline-N-oxides were studied in spin trapping. These nitrones were proved to trap a variety of free radicals to afford adducts presenting characteristic ESR signals enabling unambiguous identification of the radical species trapped. From the general patterns of the signals, the adduct geometries were determined. Two of the nitrones bore a hydroxylmethyl substituent (HM) on the pyrroline ring, either at C-3 or at C-4. The two diastereoisomers of nitrone 4-HMDEPMPO, whose synthesis has been already described, were separately studied. The isomer (4R*,5R*) of 4-HMDEPMPO afforded stereoselectively, with superoxide or peroxyl radicals, trans adducts versus the phosphoryl group, however, they formed two rotamer sets in chemical exchange. In comparison with DEPMPO adducts, the exchanges rates of the conformer sets of 4-HMcisDEPMPO-OOH and 4-HMcisDEPMPO-(OOBu)-Bu-t were 9-fold or 2-fold smaller respectively. The eight-line signals of theses adducts were easily recognisable. The trapping of the same radicals with the other diastereoisomer (4S*,5R*)-4-HMDEPMPO or with (3S*,5R*)-3-HMDEPMPO, obtained via oxidation of a phosphorylated pyrroline, led to more complicated spectra owing to the formation of diastereoisomer adducts. The signal of each diastereoisomer adduct was simulated with two species in conformational exchange. In comparison with DEPMPO, the cis-C-4-substitution was proved to slow by 26-fold the exchange rate between the two rotamer sets of the trans superoxide adduct versus the phosphoryl group. The trans-C-3-substitution was proved to slow by 18-fold, at 223 K, the exchange rate between the two rotamer sets of the trans terbutylperoxyl adduct. The last nitrone, a bicyclic one, named MEOOPPO (6a-methyl-(6-ethoxy-5-oxa-6-oxaphospholan-6-yl)-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) was obtained directly from (4R*,5R*)-4-HMDEPMPO in basic conditions. Superoxide with the rigid MEOOPPO reacts exclusively in trans addition versus the phosphoryl group, however, the adduct obtained in aqueous buffer was not very persistent and the nitrone was partially degraded during 30 min storage. For every nitrone, the hydroxyl radical was not added stereoselectively on one ring face and some diasteroisomer adducts were obtained

Les ambiguïtés et les limites de la construction patrimoniale d’une industrie en activité. Le cas de la Centrale thermique de Cordemais

À partir de l’exemple de la centrale thermique de Cordemais, l’article interroge les limites de la construction patrimoniale et de son extension aux industries en activité. Sortant du référentiel patrimonial traditionnel par son usage, cet équipement producteur d’électricité tend pourtant à être interrogé dans ses dimensions patrimoniales. A partir d’entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’acteurs territoriaux de l’estuaire de la Loire, nous examinons les chainons explicatifs de cette désignation patrimoniale et de ses limites.With the example of the coal plant of Cordemais, the article deals about the limits of the extension of the heritage production to manufactories activities. Out of the traditional heritage frame because of his use, this energy producer equipment, however, is questioned for his heritage dimension. With the collection of semi-structured interviews to the local actors of the Loire estuary, we examine explanatories factors of this heritage nomination. Moreover, the notion of heritage, his evolution and his boundaries are questioned by this example