Révolution pénitentiaire: les chemins de l'architecture

Espinas Jean-Denis. Révolution pénitentiaire: les chemins de l'architecture. In: Déviance et société. 1989 - Vol. 13 - N°4. pp. 367-377

Synthesis of novel tantalacalixarene complexes: first example of intramolecular CH activation of monodepleted aromatic ring

International audienceThe alkylation of (dichlorotantala)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes 1 and 3 by two equivalents of NpMgCl (Np = neopentyl) affords the corresponding unreported (bisneopentyltantala)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes 4 and S. These complexes can undergo dealkylation by modest increase of the temperature to yield 6 and 7. The characterization and structural conformation of the complexes 6 and 7 were determined by H-1, C-13, NOESY, and COSY spectroscopic studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 7 exhibits unprecedented use of an intramolecular C H activation of an aromatic ring and simultaneously releases of one equivalent of neopentane. DFT calculation supports a mechanism in which the metal passes through a transition state involving a coplanar arrangement with its three ligands (C-Ar, H-Ar., C-Np)

Illusions of Utopia: When Prison Architects (Reluctantly) Play Tetris

Although prisons are increasingly built away from cities, prison architects are imagining prisons as cities. Such an urban metaphor is perhaps unsurprising; both the prison and the city are often assumed to be relatively bounded places, prisons arguably resembling self-sufficient cities with facilities such as accommodation, classrooms, workshops, laundries, health clinics and gardens contained within their walls. The vocabulary of the city is also pervasive when justifying prison architecture. In this chapter we consider why prison architects use the metaphor of the city to describe the prisons they design, using terminology such as ‘walled bungalows’, ‘penitentiary houses’, ‘vertical prisons’ and ‘cell apartments’, and we examine the significance of this rather dystopian urban imaginary in allowing architects to retain some agency within a design process which minimises their creative and political input