Apprentissage assisté par Story Telling : une pédagogie de l'erreur

Les actes papiers peuvent être commandés à l'adresse suivant http://www.utc.fr/tice2004/commande_actes_tice2004.docThe experiment presented in this article is based on cognitive psychology studies dealing with the role of expectation failures in learning based on stories. The Interactive Learning Environments (ILE) which could derived from this approach are well fitted to the learning of behavioural competencies. We present an example of the usage of such a story-based learning system dedicated to the development of the social conducts of expert consultants.L'expérience présentée dans cet article s'appuie sur des études de psychologie cognitive portant sur le rôle des défaillances expectatives dans l'apprentissage à partir d'histoires. Les Environnements Informatiques d'Apprentissage Humain (EIAH) que l'on peut construire à partir de cette approche se révèlent bien adaptés à l'apprentissage des compétences comportementales. Nous présentons ici un exemple d'utilisation d'un tel système de formation à partir d'histoires dédié au développement des conduites sociales de consultants spécialisés

Apprentissage assisté par Story Telling : une pédagogie de l'erreur

Les actes papiers peuvent être commandés à l'adresse suivant http://www.utc.fr/tice2004/commande_actes_tice2004.docThe experiment presented in this article is based on cognitive psychology studies dealing with the role of expectation failures in learning based on stories. The Interactive Learning Environments (ILE) which could derived from this approach are well fitted to the learning of behavioural competencies. We present an example of the usage of such a story-based learning system dedicated to the development of the social conducts of expert consultants.L'expérience présentée dans cet article s'appuie sur des études de psychologie cognitive portant sur le rôle des défaillances expectatives dans l'apprentissage à partir d'histoires. Les Environnements Informatiques d'Apprentissage Humain (EIAH) que l'on peut construire à partir de cette approche se révèlent bien adaptés à l'apprentissage des compétences comportementales. Nous présentons ici un exemple d'utilisation d'un tel système de formation à partir d'histoires dédié au développement des conduites sociales de consultants spécialisés

Le mode communautaire : vers une nouvelle forme d'organisation

The aim of this article is to characterize communities which are developing on Internet. This analysis is based on study cases and experimentations. It identifies models concerning communities positioning, their growth path and the management method of their identity.L'objectif de cet article est de caractériser les communautés qui se développent avec internet. L'analyse s'appuie sur un corpus de cas et d'expérimentations. Elle permet de dégager des modèles concernant le positionnement des communautés, leur trajectoire de croissance, et leur mode de gestion de l'identité. MOTS-CLÉS : communautés, places de marché, identité, coopération, conception, innovation, gestion de la connaissance

Rewarded soups: towards Pareto-optimal alignment by interpolating weights fine-tuned on diverse rewards

Foundation models are first pre-trained on vast unsupervised datasets and then fine-tuned on labeled data. Reinforcement learning, notably from human feedback (RLHF), can further align the network with the intended usage. Yet the imperfections in the proxy reward may hinder the training and lead to suboptimal results; the diversity of objectives in real-world tasks and human opinions exacerbate the issue. This paper proposes embracing the heterogeneity of diverse rewards by following a multi-policy strategy. Rather than focusing on a single a priori reward, we aim for Pareto-optimal generalization across the entire space of preferences. To this end, we propose rewarded soup, first specializing multiple networks independently (one for each proxy reward) and then interpolating their weights linearly. This succeeds empirically because we show that the weights remain linearly connected when fine-tuned on diverse rewards from a shared pre-trained initialization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for text-to-text (summarization, Q&A, helpful assistant, review), text-image (image captioning, text-to-image generation, visual grounding, VQA), and control (locomotion) tasks. We hope to enhance the alignment of deep models, and how they interact with the world in all its diversity

Large carnivores and small games use from the Early Aurignacian of La Quina aval (Charente, France) (V. Dujardin excavations)

Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d’une analyse archéozoologique qui a porté sur les restes de grands carnivores et de petits vertébrés du gisement de La Quina aval (Charente, France). Ce gisement a été fouillé par le docteur Henri-Martin puis par sa fille au début et au milieu du XXè siècle. La dernière campagne de fouille dirigée par Véronique Dujardin remonte à la fin du siècle dernier. Le gisement a livré les témoins d’une industrie lithique et osseuse attribuable à l’Aurignacien ancien, un grand nombre d’objets de parure ainsi que des restes d’Homme anatomiquement moderne. Notre étude a porté sur les restes trouvés lors de la dernière campagne de fouille. Nos résultats apportent plusieurs éléments inédits. Ils livrent tout d’abord une quantification de chaque taxon en nombre de restes mais aussi en nombre d’individus documentant ainsi la répartition des espèces à cette période. De plus, malgré un échantillon de taille modeste, les indices d’une exploitation du Loup, du Renard, du Lièvre et du Harfang permettent d’élargir le tableau de chasse des hommes de l’Aurignacien ancien de cette région et de percevoir les modalités d’exploitation de ces nouveaux gibiers.This paper presents the results of a zooarchaeological analysis conducted on the remains of large carnivores and small game from the Early Aurignacian from the site of La Quina aval. This site was excavated successively by Dr. Henri-Martin and her daughter Germaine at the early and mid-twentieth century. Recently, the site was re- excavated by Véronique Dujardin. The different excavations yielded a large archaeological sample composed of many faunal remains but also lithic and bone artefact industry, a large number of personal ornament (bones, teeth and shell) as well as several anatomically modern human remains.Our study focuses on small-game remains found during the last excavation campaign. Our results provide several unpublished results. We first offer the first quantification of each taxa in terms of number of identified remains but also in terms of minimal number of individuals.These data will contribute to define more precisely the paleoenvironment and lead to a better understanding of the paleogeography of the different species. Despite a modest sample size, the evidences of human exploitation were observed on the wolf, the fox, the hare and the snowy owl remains. Our results provide a new vision of the Man’s hunting bag during the Early Aurigacian in Charente. The butchery processes are discussed and the economical status of each game is proposed

Substitution of the α-lactalbumin transcription unit by a CAT cDNA within a BAC clone silenced the locus in transgenic mice without affecting the physically linked Cyclin T1 gene

We recently reported that a goat bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone conferred site-independent expression in transgenic mice of the two loci present within its insert, the ubiquitously expressed Cyclin T1 and the mammary specific β-lactalbumin (αlac) genes. To assess if this vector could target mammary-restricted expression of cDNA, the CAT ORF was introduced by homologous recombination in Escherichia coli in place of the αlac transcription unit. The insert of this modified BAC was injected into mice and three transgenic lines were derived. None of these lines expressed the CAT gene suggesting that the use of long genomic inserts is not sufficient to support the expression of intron-less transgenes. The physically linked goat Cyclin T1 locus was found to be active in all three lines. This observation reinforced the hypothesis that the two loci are localised in two separate chromatin domains

Substitution of the ?-lactalbumin transcription unit by a CAT cDNA within a BAC clone silenced the locus in transgenic mice without affecting the physically linked Cyclin T1 gene

We recently reported that a goat bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone conferred site-independent expression in transgenic mice of the two loci present within its insert, the ubiquitously expressed Cyclin T1 and the mammary specific $\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$lac) genes. To assess if this vector could target mammary-restricted expression of cDNA, the CAT ORF was introduced by homologous recombination in Escherichia coli in place of the $\alpha$lac transcription unit. The insert of this modified BAC was injected into mice and three transgenic lines were derived. None of these lines expressed the CAT gene suggesting that the use of long genomic inserts is not sufficient to support the expression of intron-less transgenes. The physically linked goat Cyclin T1 locus was found to be active in all three lines. This observation reinforced the hypothesis that the two loci are localised in two separate chromatin domains

Solution Structure of Human p8 MTCP1 , a Cysteine-rich Protein Encoded by the MTCP1 Oncogene, Reveals a New a a a-Helical Assembly Motif

International audienceMature-T-Cell Proliferation) is the ®rst gene unequivocally identi®ed in the group of uncommon leukemias with a mature phenotype. The three-dimensional solution structure of the human p8 MTCP1 protein encoded by the MTCP1 oncogene was determined by homonuc-lear proton two-dimensional NMR methods at 600 MHz. After sequence speci®c assignments, a total of 931 distance restraints and 57 dihedral restraints were collected. The location of the three previously unassigned disul®de bridges was determined from preliminary DIANA structures, using a statistical analysis of intercystinyl distances. The solution structure of p8 MTCP1 is presented as a set of 30 DIANA structures, further re®ned by restrained molecular dynamics using a simulated annealing protocol with the AMBER force ®eld. The r.m.s.d. values with respect to the mean structure for the backbone and all heavy atoms for a family of 30 structures are 0.73(AE0.28) and 1.17(AE0.23) A Ê , when the structured core of the protein (residues 5 to 63) is considered. The solution structure of p8 MTCP1 reveals an original scaffold consisting of three a helices, associated with a new cysteine motif. Two of the helices are covalently paired by two disul®de bridges, forming an a-hairpin which resembles an antiparallel coiled-coil. The third helix is oriented roughly parallel to the plane de®ned by the a-antiparallel motif and its axis forms an angle of %60 with respect to the main axis of this motif

Loups, chiens et sociétés du Paléolithique supérieur

Le processus de domestication du loup vraisemblablement initié au cours du Paléolithique supérieur, pose aujourd’hui encore de nombreuses questions en termes notamment d’ancienneté du phénomène et de sa diffusion au sein des différents groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs se succédant au cours de cette période. Pour tenter d’apporter de nouveaux éléments de discussion, de nouvelles analyses pluridisciplinaires ont récemment été entreprises sur la Grotte Maldidier, l’Abri Pataud, l’Abri du Morin, l’Abri Mège, Rochereil, la Grotte-Abri du Moulin à Troubat et le Pont d’Ambon. Ce travail, à visée diachronique, permet de lancer une discussion concernant le statut sauvage ou domestique des grands Canidés dans ces contextes et plus généralement dans les séries du Paléolithique supérieur du Sud-Ouest de la France. Pour cette analyse, nous avons notamment croisé biométrie et archéozoologie. Les données biométriques obtenues à partir des restes de Canidés participent à la diagnose taxinomique. Les études archéozoologique et taphonomique de l’ensemble des vestiges fauniques associés à ces restes permettent quant à elle de documenter la prédation humaine et animale. L’ensemble de ces données nous permet donc de contextualiser la mise en place de cette innovation zootechnique majeure qu’est la domestication ; et plus globalement, de questionner l’évolution des relations Hommes-Canidés à travers les différents techno-complexes du Paléolithique supérieur