La diffusion de Pneumocystis dans l'air en milieu hospitalier

Pneumocystis est un microchampignon atypique, responsable d’une pneumonie grave : la pneumonie à Pneumocystis (PPC). Chez l’homme, les PPC surviennent chez les personnes atteintes du SIDA, mais aussi chez les patients soumis à des traitements immunosuppresseurs. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal du projet "PNEUMAIR" était de répondre aux interrogations qui persistent sur l’excrétion et la diffusion de Pneumocystis dans l’air, par des patients développant une PPC et par des sujets juste colonisés, de façon à estimer le risque d’exposition des patients à risque et des soignants en milieu hospitalier

Relationship between Fungal Colonisation of the Respiratory Tract in Lung Transplant Recipients and Fungal Contamination of the Hospital Environment

International audienceBackgroundAspergillus colonisation is frequently reported after lung transplantation. The question of whether aspergillus colonisation is related to the hospital environment is crucial to prevention.MethodTo elucidate this question, a prospective study of aspergillus colonisation after lung transplantation, along with a mycological survey of the patient environment, was performed.ResultsForty-four consecutive patients were included from the day of lung transplantation and then examined weekly for aspergillus colonisation until hospital discharge. Environmental fungal contamination of each patient was followed weekly via air and surface sampling. Twelve patients (27%) had transient aspergillus colonisation, occurring 1–13 weeks after lung transplantation, without associated manifestation of aspergillosis. Responsible Aspergillus species were A. fumigatus (6), A. niger (3), A. sydowii (1), A. calidoustus (1) and Aspergillus sp. (1). In the environment, contamination by Penicillium and Aspergillus was predominant. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between occurrence of aspergillus colonisation and fungal contamination of the patient’s room, either by Aspergillus spp. in the air or by A.fumigatus on the floor. Related clinical and environmental isolates were genotyped in 9 cases of aspergillus colonisation. For A. fumigatus (4 cases), two identical microsatellite profiles were found between clinical and environmental isolates collected on distant dates or locations. For other Aspergillus species, isolates were different in 2 cases; in 3 cases of aspergillus colonisation by A. sydowii, A. niger and A. calidoustus, similarity between clinical and environmental internal transcribed spacer and tubulin sequences was >99%.ConclusionTaken together, these results support the hypothesis of environmental risk of hospital acquisition of aspergillus colonisation in lung transplant recipients

Atomic motion in tilted optical lattices

This paper presents a formalism describing the dynamics of a quantum particle in a one-dimensional, time-dependent, tilted lattice. The formalism uses the Wannier-Stark states, which are localized in each site of the lattice, and provides a simple framework allowing fully-analytical developments. Analytic solutions describing the particle motion are explicit derived, and the resulting dynamics is studied.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figs, submitted to EPJD, Springer Verlag styl

Initial Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Cat Genome

The genome sequence (1.9-fold coverage) of an inbred Abyssinian domestic cat was assembled, mapped, and annotated with a comparative approach that involved cross-reference to annotated genome assemblies of six mammals (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, dog, and cow). The results resolved chromosomal positions for 663,480 contigs, 20,285 putative feline gene orthologs, and 133,499 conserved sequence blocks (CSBs). Additional annotated features include repetitive elements, endogenous retroviral sequences, nuclear mitochondrial (numt) sequences, micro-RNAs, and evolutionary breakpoints that suggest historic balancing of translocation and inversion incidences in distinct mammalian lineages. Large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), deletion insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), and short tandem repeats (STRs), suitable for linkage or association studies were characterized in the context of long stretches of chromosome homozygosity. In spite of the light coverage capturing ∼65% of euchromatin sequence from the cat genome, these comparative insights shed new light on the tempo and mode of gene/genome evolution in mammals, promise several research applications for the cat, and also illustrate that a comparative approach using more deeply covered mammals provides an informative, preliminary annotation of a light (1.9-fold) coverage mammal genome sequence

La diffusion de Pneumocystis dans l'air en milieu hospitalier

Pneumocystis est un microchampignon atypique, responsable d’une pneumonie grave : la pneumonie à Pneumocystis (PPC). Chez l’homme, les PPC surviennent chez les personnes atteintes du SIDA, mais aussi chez les patients soumis à des traitements immunosuppresseurs. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal du projet "PNEUMAIR" était de répondre aux interrogations qui persistent sur l’excrétion et la diffusion de Pneumocystis dans l’air, par des patients développant une PPC et par des sujets juste colonisés, de façon à estimer le risque d’exposition des patients à risque et des soignants en milieu hospitalier

Microsporidioses humaines (aspects moléculaires de l'excrétion et de la viabilité parasitaires -applications pharmacologiques)

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

ETUDE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE D'ASPERGILLOSES PULMONAIRES INVASIVES PAR TYPAGE MOLECULAIRE D'ISOLATS D'ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS PROVENANT DE PATIENTS IMMUNODEPRIMES ET DE LEUR ENVIRONNEMENT HOSPITALIER (DES BIOL. MED.)

STRASBOURG ILLKIRCH-Pharmacie (672182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Role of the mycological diagnosis in the management of tinea capitis: French recommendations in the post-griseofulvin era

International audienc

Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Quantitative Detection of Encephalitozoon intestinalis DNA

A new real-time PCR assay for quantitation of Encephalitozoon intestinalis DNA was developed which used a TaqMan fluorescent probe for specific detection. Serial dilutions of E. intestinalis spore suspensions obtained from tissue culture were used as external standards. The detection limit of the technique was 20 spores per ml, with a good interassay reproducibility (coefficient of variation of 7.1% for the suspension containing 20 spores/ml, 5.0% for the suspension containing 75 spores/ml and below 3.5% for higher concentrations). Quantitative detection of E. intestinalis DNA was similar whether the serial dilutions of spores were made in distilled water or in a stool suspension, allowing the use of the assay for stool specimens. The assay was then applied to 14 clinical specimens from 8 immunocompromised patients with proven E. intestinalis infection. The quantitation of the parasitic burden was achieved in stools, blood, urine, tissue biopsies, and bronchopulmonary specimens. The highest parasitic burdens were noted in stools, urine, and bronchopulmonary specimens, reaching 10(5) to 10(6) spores/g or ml. Dissemination of the infection was also evidenced in some patients by demonstration of E. intestinalis DNA in blood and serum. We conclude that real-time PCR is a valuable tool for quantitation of E. intestinalis burden in clinical specimens