Polska Bibliografia Literacka – nowe wyzwania

Polish Literary Bibliography (PBL) is the largest bibliography of the humanities in Poland. It covers literature, theatre and Polish film. At the beginning it was printed – there were 45 volumes published in print. In 1998 PBL was transformed into a database. Now, the new version of a database is being created. One of the main goals of a new database is to better depict the relations between entities registered by PLB

Polska Bibliografia Literacka – nowe wyzwania

Polish Literary Bibliography (PBL) is the largest bibliography of the humanities in Poland. It covers literature, theatre and Polish film. At the beginning it was printed – there were 45 volumes published in print. In 1998 PBL was transformed into a database. Now, the new version of a database is being created. One of the main goals of a new database is to better depict the relations between entities registered by PLB

Health education of blood donors on HIV viral infections

The phenomenon of HIV today is not only a medical problem but also a social one. Due to the pathways of infection, everyone can get infected for us. Currently, there is a steady increase in HIV infection in the world. Convincing people about the lack of danger and the non-characteristic symptoms of infection or their lack, causes that many people do not realize that they are infected. Knowledge about the situations in which we can be infected and the possibility of transmission routes of these viruses can contribute to reducing the number of new infections. The aim of the work was to get to know the state of knowledge about the society about HIV / AIDS and to indicate the role of health education in the fight against infectious diseases. The study included 100 people. The quantitative method was used for research, while the sociological questionnaire was used as a research technique. The analysis of the empirical material shows that the state of knowledge about HIV infection requires education among the population. What's more, the public will be happy to take part in professional training on HIV / AIDS threats. The research shows that trainings should take place periodically, cover various social groups with the cooperation of many non-medical environments. It should be remembered that multisectoral cooperation is a prerequisite for the success of any health improvement program

Fournier gangrene - diagnostic and treatment

Fournier gangrene is a rare, progressively necrotizing perineum inflammation, often leading to death of the patient. The infection is caused by a mixed oxygen-anaerobic bacterial flora. Treatment is based on immediate and radical surgical intervention supported by antibiotic therapy and intensive general treatment. Adequate, quick adoption of curative and caring activities is one of the factors affecting the success of treatment. Depending on the dynamically progressing disease process, it is necessary to efficiently identify problems and modify treatment and nursing care plans from the stages of treatment

Polska Bibliografia Literacka – nowe wyzwania

Streszczenie: Polska Bibliografia Literacka (PBL) jest największą bibliografią dziedzinową z zakresu humanistyki w Polsce. Przedmiotem jej zainteresowania są szeroko rozumiana literatura (także recepcja literatur obcych w Polsce), teatr oraz film polski. Początkowo bibliografia wydawana była drukiem – ukazało się 45 roczników. W 1998 r. została przekształcona w bazę danych. Obecnie powstaje jej nowa wersja – jednym z wyzwań, na które odpowie, będzie lepsze odwzorowanie relacji występujących między różnymi bytami odnotowywanymi w Polskiej Bibliografii Literackiej.Abstract: Polish Literary Bibliography (PBL) is the largest bibliography of the humanities in Poland. It covers literature, theatre and Polish film. At the beginning it was printed – there were 45 volumes published in print. In 1998 PBL was transformed into a database. Now, the new version of a database is being created. One of the main goals of a new database is to better depict the relations between entities registered by PLB

Alcoholic fetal syndrome - a problem of the 21st century?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a disease entity that occurs in children who have been exposed to teratogenic alcohol durning fetal life. It includes neurobehavioral abnormalities and changes in the body structure and internal organs. The only reason for the occurrence of this type of disorder is the consumption of alcohol by a pregnant woman (even in small amounts). It is estimated that in Poland about 30% of women consume alcohol in this period (also in small amounts), while in the US every year is born about 40,000 children who are diagnosed with FAS or related disorders

Perioperative nutrition according to the ERAS protocol

Protocol ERAS - "Enhanced Recovery after Surgery" - is a modern multidisciplinary formula of perioperative care to improve treatment outcomes. Over the past few years, many attempts have been made to implement recommendations for the management of patients in the perioperative period. They were primarily aimed at improving the results of treatment of patients undergoing surgery, and thus shorteninglength of stay in hospital, and - as a consequence - reducing the risk of developing complications and even the number of deaths. One of the first author who noticed effectiveness of multimodal treatment for a faster recovery and a shorter stay in the hospital was Professor Henrik Kehlet from the University of Copenhagen. He emphasized that in order to understand the nature of complications occurring in patients undergoing surgery, the basis of the factors responsible for the response to the surgical trauma should be known. In the late 1990s, Kehlet postulated that steps should be taken to introduce a comprehensive program including, among others: effective anesthesia, early rehabilitation of the patient, reduction of surgical stress, or quick restoration of nutrition via the gastrointestinal tract. The comprehensive perioperative care protocol for improving the treatment results requires the need for cooperation of specialists and all medical staff related to perioperative care - not only a surgeon or anesthetist, but also a physiotherapist or dietitian

Expression of the selected adhesive molecules (cadherin E, CD44, LGAL3 and CA50) in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Wstęp: Celem pracy było określenie ekspresji wybranych molekuł adhezyjnych w tkance raka brodawkowatego tarczycy zarówno w guzie pierwotnym, jak i w przerzutach do węzłów chłonnych oraz ocena ich przydatności dla celów diagnostycznych i prognostycznych. Materiał i metody: Badaniem objęto grupę 47 chorych na raka brodawkowatego tarczycy i 11 chorych operowanych z powodu wola niezłośliwego. Badania przeprowadzono metodą immunohistochemiczną. Wyniki: Pod względem znaczenia diagnostycznego wśród badanych markerów galektyna-3 okazała się jednym z najbardziej czułych i swoistych, o czym świadczy różnica między guzem (91% przypadków dodatnich) a otoczeniem (5%). Molekuła adhezyjna CA50 występowała prawie tak samo często w guzie pierwotnym (86% przypadków), jak i przerzutowym (85%). Jej obecność w otoczeniu zaobserwowano tylko w jednym przypadku (3%), reakcja miała charakter ogniskowy. Kadheryna E występowała w 91% przypadków guza pierwotnego i 84% otoczenia. Dodatnią reakcję obserwowano również w 63% przypadków wola guzkowego. Molekuła CD44, klon DF1485, był obecny w 100% przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych, w 89% guzów pierwotnych i w 48% przypadków otoczenia guza. Molekuła CD44, klon BBA10, występował częściej w przerzutach. Wnioski: Spośród badanych markerów największą wartość diagnostyczną w raku brodawkowatym tarczycy wykazał antygen CA50 i galektyna-3. Ekspresja CD44 (DF1485) w guzie pierwotnym jest znacznie silniejsza niż w otoczeniu, jednak jego wartość diagnostyczna jest niepewna, gdyż występuje on często w zmianach łagodnych tarczycy. Zastosowanie przeciwciała BBA10 zwiększa czułość metody, ale zmniejsza jej swoistość. Częste występowanie kadheryny E w komórkach raka brodawkowatego tarczycy, otoczeniu guza i zmianach łagodnych tarczycy nie pozwala na jej zastosowanie diagnostyczne.Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the expression of selected adhesive molecules in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Material and methods: 47 papillary thyroid carcinoma cases and 11 nonmalignant goiter cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Galectin-3 (LGAL3) was a sensitive and specific marker, present in 91% of analyzed tumors and only in 5% of tumor margin. The presence of CA50 was 86% and 3% respectively with only 3% positive non-malignant cases. Cadherin E expression was noted in 91% of primary tumors, in 84% of the surrounding tissue and in 63% of non-malignant goiter. CD44 (DF1485) was observed in 89% of primary tumors and 48% of surrounding tissue; the reaction with BBA10 was more characteristic for metastases. Conclusions: Our study confirms the high diagnostic value of galectin-3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and reveals the similar efficiency of CA50. CD44 (DF1485) expression in primary tumor is more intensive than in surrounding tissue, but the diagnostical inportance is not high because it is often observed in benign lesions. Using of BBA10 is more sensitive, but less specific. High expression of cadherin E in benign lesions impairs its diagnostical application in papillary thyroid cancer